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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

central necrosis
Necrosis involving the deeper or inner portions of a tissue, or an organ or its units. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central nervous system
<anatomy, neurology> Pertaining to the brain, cranial nerves and spinal cord. It does not include muscles or peripheral nerves. ... In invertebrates, the central nervous system is composed of the segmental ganglia of the ventral nerve cord together with the fused ganglia or brain at the anterior end. ... Acronym: CNS ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

central nervous system agents
A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms. They can be divided into 'specific' agents, e.g., affecting an identifiable molecular mechanism unique to target cells bearing receptors for that agent, and 'non-specific' agents, those producing effects on different target cells and acting by d …

central nervous system depressants
A very loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. The major groups included here are ethyl alcohol, anaesthetics, hypnotics and sedatives, narcotics, and tranquillising agents (antipsychotics and antianxiety agents). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

central nervous system infections
Diseases of the central nervous sytem collectively, caused by pathogenic organisms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

central nervous system stimulants
A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to increase behavioural alertness, agitation, or excitation. They work by a variety of mechanisms, but usually not by direct excitation of neurons. The many drugs that have such actions as side effects to their main therapeutic use are not included here. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

central neuritis
Synonym for parenchymatous neuritis ... Inflammation of the nervous substance proper, the axons, and myelin. ... Synonym: axial neuritis, central neuritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central obesity
The deposition of obesity around the trunk sparing the limbs. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

central ossifying fibroma
<tumour> A painless, slow-growing, expansile, sharply circumscribed benign fibro-osseus tumour of the jaws that is derived from cells of the periodontal ligament; presents initially as a radiolucency that becomes progressively more opaque as it matures. ... See: central cementifying fibroma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central osteitis
Synonym for osteomyelitis ... <pathology> Inflammation of bone caused by a pyogenic organism. It may remain localised or may spread through the bone to involve the marrow, cortex, cancellous tissue and periosteum. ... Origin: Gr. Myelos = marrow ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

central palmar space
The more medial of the central palmar spaces, bounded medially by the hypothenar compartment; related distally to the synovial tendon sheaths of digits 3 and 4 and proximally to the common flexor sheath. ... Synonym: medial midpalmar space, middle palmar space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central paralysis
Paralysis due to a lesion in the brain or spinal cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central pit
Synonym for central retinal fovea ... A depression in the centre of the macula retinae containing only cones and lacking blood vessels. ... Synonym: fovea centralis retinae, central pit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central placenta previa
Synonym for placenta previa centralis ... Placenta previa in which the placenta entirely covers the internal os of the cervix. ... Synonym: central placenta previa, total placenta previa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central pneumonia
A form of pneumonia in which exudation is confined for a time to the central portion of a lobe or the hilar region. ... Synonym: core pneumonia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central pontine myelinolysis
<neurology> A condition characterised by damage to the myelin (sheath) layer of nerve cells in the pons (brainstem). ... The destruction of myelin inhibits the conduction of a nerve impulse along a nerve cell. The most common cause for exacerbating this condition is a rapid correction of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium level). Some conditions …

central retinal artery occlusion
<ophthalmology> The sudden blockage of the retinal artery with a blood clot that commonly leads to a painless but irreversible blindness in that eye. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

central retinal fovea
A depression in the centre of the macula retinae containing only cones and lacking blood vessels. ... Synonym: fovea centralis retinae, central pit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central retinal vein occlusion
<ophthalmology> The sudden blockage of the retinal vein with blood clot that commonly leads to a painless irreversible blindness in that eye. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

central scotoma
A scotoma involving the fixation point. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central serous choroidopathy
Detachment of the sensory retina induced by decreased adhesion between cells of the retinal pigment epithelium which permits plasma from the choriocapillaris to enter subretinal space. ... Synonym: central angiospastic retinopathy, central serous retinopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central serous retinopathy
Synonym for central serous choroidopathy ... Detachment of the sensory retina induced by decreased adhesion between cells of the retinal pigment epithelium which permits plasma from the choriocapillaris to enter subretinal space. ... Synonym: central angiospastic retinopathy, central serous retinopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central sleep apnoea
<neurology> A form of sleep apnoea which from the lack of neurologic stimulation to breathe. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

central spindle
A central group of microtubules (continuous fibres) that course uninterrupted, between the asters, in contrast to the microtubules attached to the individual chromosomes (s. Fibres). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central stop
<microscopy> An opaque disk placed in the ring carrier or diaphragm carrier of the substage apparatus. It excludes the central rays and is used for dark field work at low magnification. Variable stops can be contracted or expanded as desired. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

central sulcal artery
<anatomy, artery> A branch of the terminal part of the middle cerebral artery distributed to the cortex on either side of the central sulcus. ... Synonym: arteria sulci centralis, artery of central sulcus, central artery, Rolandic artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central sulcus
A double-S-shaped fissure extending obliquely upward and backward on the lateral surface of each cerebral hemisphere at the boundary between frontal and parietal lobes. ... Synonym: sulcus centralis, fissure of Rolando. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central supply, hospital
Hospital department responsible for receiving, storing, and distributing medical and surgical supplies and equipment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

central tegmental fasciculus
Synonym for central tegmental tract ... A large fibre bundle passing longitudinally through the central mesencephalic and pontine tegmentum, distinguished from adjacent longitudinal groups of fibre-fascicles of the reticular formation by a more compact composition. In transverse sections of the mesencephalon the bundle occupies a large triangular ar …

central tegmental tract
A large fibre bundle passing longitudinally through the central mesencephalic and pontine tegmentum, distinguished from adjacent longitudinal groups of fibre-fascicles of the reticular formation by a more compact composition. In transverse sections of the mesencephalon the bundle occupies a large triangular area lateral to the medial longitudinal f …

central tendon of diaphragm
A three-lobed fibrous sheet occupying the centre of the diaphragm. ... Synonym: centrum tendineum diaphragmatis, trefoil tendon. ... Central tendon of perineum, the fibromuscular mass between the anal canal and the urogenital diaphragm in the median plane; midline episiotomies extend into this structure. ... Synonym: centrum tendineum perinei, perinea …

central terminal electrode
In electrocardiography, an electrode in which connections from the three limbs (right arm, left arm, and left leg) are joined and led to the electrocardiograph to form the indifferent electrode, theoretically at zero potential for the system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central thalamic radiations
Radiations formed by fibres interconnecting, through the posterior limb of the internal capsule, the ventral lateral, ventral posterolateral and posteromedial, lateral dorsal, and lateral posterior nuclei and the precentral gyrus and parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central transactional core
The reticular activating system of the brain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central type neurofibromatosis
Type I neurofibromatosis. ... Incomplete neurofibromatosis, multiple neurofibromas with minimal manifestations, perhaps limited to cafe-au-lait spots; individuals with minimal lesions may have offspring with severe involvement. ... Synonym: abortive neurofibromatosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central vein of retina
Formed by union of the retinal veins and accompanies the artery of the same name in the optic nerve. ... Synonym: vena centralis retinae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central vein of suprarenal gland
The single draining vein of the gland; it receives a number of medullary veins; on the right side it empties directly into the inferior vena cava and on the left into the left renal vein. ... Synonym: vena centralis glandulae suprarenalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central veins of liver
The terminal branches of the hepatic veins that lie centrally in the hepatic lobules and receive blood from the liver sinusoids. ... Synonym: venae centrales hepatis, Krukenberg's veins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central venous catheter
<equipment> A small, flexible plastic tube inserted into the large vein above the heart, usually the subclavian vein, through which access to the blood stream can be made. This allows drugs and blood products to be given and blood samples withdrawn painlessly. ... Some of the catheters have more than one lumen (double or triple) and can be use …

central venous line
Synonym for central venous catheter ... <equipment> A small, flexible plastic tube inserted into the large vein above the heart, usually the subclavian vein, through which access to the blood stream can be made. This allows drugs and blood products to be given and blood samples withdrawn painlessly. ... Some of the catheters have more than one …

central venous pressure
<cardiology> The venous pressure as measured at the right atrium, done by means of a catheter introduced through the median cubital vein to the superior vena cava, the distal end of the catheter being attached to a manometer. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

central vision
<ophthalmology> Vision stimulated by an object imaged on the fovea centralis. ... Synonym: direct vision. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central-bearing device
In dentistry, a device which provides a central point of bearing, or support, between upper and lower record bases; it consists of a contacting point which is attached to one base and a plate attached to the other which provides the surface on which the bearing point rests or moves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central-bearing point
The contact point of a central-bearing device. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

central-bearing tracing device
In dentistry, a central-bearing device used for making a tracing and/or for support between upper and lower bases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centralis
Central; in the centre. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centralised hospital services
The coordination of services in one area of a facility to improve efficiency. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

centralised sewage treatment
<ecology> The collection and treatment of sewage from many sources to remove pollutants and pathogens. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

centre
1. The middle point of a body; loosely, the interior of a body. A centre of any kind, especially an anatomical centre. ... 2. A group of nerve cells governing a specific function. ... Synonym: centrum. ... Origin: L. Centrum; G. Kentron ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centre median de Luys
Synonym for centromedian nucleus ... A large, lentil-shaped cell group, the largest and most caudal of the intralaminar nuclei, located within the lamina medullaris interna of the thalamus between the mediodorsal nucleus and ventrobasal nucleus; so called by Luys because of its prominent appearance on frontal sections midway between the anterior and …

centre of ossification
<orthopaedics, physiology> The site of earliest bone formation via accumulation of osteoblasts within connective tissue (membranous ossification) or of earliest destruction of cartilage prior to onset of ossification (endochondral ossification). ... Synonym: punctum ossificationis, ossific centre, point of ossification. ... (24 Mar 2004) ...

centre of ridge
The buccolingual midline of the residual ridge. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centre of rotation
<physics> A point or line around which all other points in a body move. ... See: axis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centrencephalic
<embryology> Relating to the centre of the encephalon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centrencephalic epilepsy
<neurology> An imprecise term referring to epilepsy characterised electroencephalographically by bilateral synchronous discharges, and clinically by absence or generalised tonic-clonic seizures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Centres for Disease Control
<organisation> The federal facility for disease eradication, epidemiology, and education headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, which encompasses the Centre for Infectious Diseases, Centre for Environmental Health, Centre for Health Promotion and Education, Centre for Prevention Services, Centre for Professional Development and Training, and Cent …

centri-
Combining form denoting centre. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centri-acinar emphysema
Synonym for centrilobular emphysema ... Emphysema affecting the lobules around their central bronchioles, causally related to bronchiolitis, and seen in coal-miner's pneumoconiosis. ... Synonym: centri-acinar emphysema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centric
Having a centre (of a specific kind or number) or having a specific thing as its centre (of interest, focus, etc.). ... Origin: G. Kentron, centre ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centric contact
Synonym for centric occlusion ... <dentistry> The relation of opposing occlusal surfaces which provides the maximum planned contact and/or intercuspation, the occlusion of the teeth when the mandible is in centric relation to the maxillae. ... Synonym: centric contact. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centric fusion
Synonym for Robertsonian translocation ... <molecular biology> A special type of nonreciprocal translocation in chromosomes whereby the long arms of two nonhomologous acrocentric chromosomes are attached to a single centromere. ... The short arms become attached to form a reciprocal structure that however often disappears some divisions after i …

centric interocclusal record
A record of centric jaw relation, eccentric interocclusal record, a record of jaw position in other than centric relation, lateral interocclusal record, a record of a lateral eccentric jaw position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centric jaw relation
<anatomy, dentistry> The most retruded physiologic relation of the mandible to the maxillae to and from which the individual can make lateral movements. ... It is a condition which can exist at various degrees of jaw separation, and it occurs around the terminal hinge axis, the most posterior relation of the mandible to the maxillae at the est …

centric occlusion
<dentistry> The relation of opposing occlusal surfaces which provides the maximum planned contact and/or intercuspation, the occlusion of the teeth when the mandible is in centric relation to the maxillae. ... Synonym: centric contact. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centric position
<anatomy, dentistry> The position of the mandible in its most retruded unstrained relation to the maxillae. ... See: centric jaw relation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centric relation
<anatomy, dentistry> The location of the maxillary and the mandibular condyles when they are in their most posterior and superior positions in their fossae of the temporomandibular joint. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

centriciput
<anatomy> The central portion of the upper surface of the skull, between the occiput and the sinciput. ... Origin: L. Centrum, centre, + caput, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centrifugal
1. <physics> Denoting the direction of the force pulling an object outward (away) from an axis of rotation. ... 2. Sometimes, by analogy, extended to describe any movement away from a centre. ... Compare: eccentric. ... Origin: L. Centrum, centre, + fugio, to flee ... (24 Mar 2004) ...

centrifugal casting
Casting molten metal into a mold by spinning the metal from a crucible at the end of a revolving arm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centrifugal current
Synonym for descending current ... The direction of current flow in a nerve when the cathode is placed peripheral to the anode, in contrast to ascending current. ... Synonym: centrifugal current. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centrifugal fast analyser
<equipment> An automatic spectrophotometer that uses centrifugal force to mix samples and reagents, and propels the reactants at high speed about a detector that makes multiple absorbance readings. ... (24 Mar 2004) ...

centrifugal force
<physics> The apparent force which seems to pull an object outward when the object is spun around in a circle. ... In reality, it is the centripetal force which keeps the object rotating around in the circle when the object's inertia makes the object inclined to move in a straight tangential line away from the circle. ... The centrifugal force …

centrifugal nerve
Synonym for efferent nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A nerve which transmits impulses from the brain and spinal cord to a muscle or organ. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

centrifugalisation
Synonym for centrifugation ... <procedure> The process of separating fractions of systems in a centrifuge. The most basic separation is to sediment a pellet at the bottom of the tube, leaving a supernatant at a given centrifugal force. ... In this case sedimentation is determined by size and density of the particles in the system amongst other …

centrifugalise
Synonym for centrifuge ... A laboratory apparatus that separates mixed samples into homogenouscomponent layers by spinning them at high speed. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

centrifugation
<procedure> The process of separating fractions of systems in a centrifuge. The most basic separation is to sediment a pellet at the bottom of the tube, leaving a supernatant at a given centrifugal force. ... In this case sedimentation is determined by size and density of the particles in the system amongst other factors. ... Density may be use …

centrifugation, density gradient
Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. at equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

centrifugation, isopycnic
Centrifugation in which the solvent is of the same density as the substance to be isolated. From the greek iso-, equal and pyknos, thick. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

centrifugation, zonal
Centrifugation using a rotating chamber of large capacity in which to separate cell organelles by density-gradient centrifugation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

centrifuge
A laboratory apparatus that separates mixed samples into homogenouscomponent layers by spinning them at high speed. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

centrilobular
at or near the centre of a lobule, e.g., of the liver. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centrilobular emphysema
Emphysema affecting the lobules around their central bronchioles, causally related to bronchiolitis, and seen in coal-miner's pneumoconiosis. ... Synonym: centri-acinar emphysema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centrin
<plant biology> Acidic phosphoproteins (20 kD), homologous to caltractin, found in striated flagella roots of various flagellated algae, centromsomal region of some mammalian cells and basal bodies of human sperm. ... (25 Jun 1999) ...

centriolar region
See: pericentriolar region or centrosome. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

centriole
<cell biology> They are self-replicating, short, fibrous, rod-shaped organelles of animal cells. Each centriole is a short cylinder containing nine pairs of peripheral microtubules, arranged orthogonally so as to form the wall of the cylinder. ... Almost identical to basal body of cilium. The pericentriolar material, but not the centriole itse …

centripetal
Synonym: afferent. ... 2. Denoting the direction of the force pulling an object toward an axis of rotation. ... Synonym: axipetal. ... Origin: L. Centrum, centre, + peto, to seek ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centripetal current
Synonym for ascending current ... The direction of current flow in a nerve when the anode is placed peripheral to the cathode, in contrast to descending current; the convention used is that current flows from positive to negative. ... Synonym: centripetal current. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centripetal nerve
Synonym for afferent nerve ... <anatomy, physiology> A nerve which transmits impulses from the tissues to the brain and spinal cord (for example sensory nerve). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

centro-
Combining form denoting centre. ... Origin: G. Kentron ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centroacinar cell
<cell biology> A cell of the pancreatic ductule that occupies the lumen of an acinus; it secretes bicarbonate and water, providing an alkaline pH necessary for enzyme activity in the intestine. ... (24 Mar 2004) ...

centroblast
<haematology> A lymphocyte with a large non-cleaved nucleus. ... Origin: centro-+ G. Blastos, germ ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Centrocestus
A genus of extremely small fish-borne flukes (family Heterophyidae) that may produce intestinal lesions similar to those caused by Heterophyes heterophyes. Centrocestus formosana has been reported from man in Taiwan. ... Origin: G. Kentron, point, centre, + kestos, belt, both words fr. Kenteo, to pierce ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centrocyte
1. A cell whose protoplasm contains single and double granules of varying size stainable with haematoxylin; seen in lesions of lichen planus. ... Synonym: Lipschutz cell. ... 2. A lymphocyte with a small cleaved nuclei. ... Origin: centro-+ G. Kytos, cell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centrokinesia
Movement excited by a stimulus of central origin. ... Origin: centro-+ G. Kinesis, movement ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centrokinetic
1. Relating to centrokinesia. ... Synonym: excitomotor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centrolecithal
Denoting an ovum in which the deutoplasm accumulates centrally. ... Origin: centro-+ G. Lekithos, yolk ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centrolecithal egg
An egg in which the yolk is concentrated near the centre of the egg cell, as is the case in many of the insects. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centrolecithal ovum
One in which the yolk is mostly located near the centre of the egg, as in arthropods. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

centromedian nucleus
A large, lentil-shaped cell group, the largest and most caudal of the intralaminar nuclei, located within the lamina medullaris interna of the thalamus between the mediodorsal nucleus and ventrobasal nucleus; so called by Luys because of its prominent appearance on frontal sections midway between the anterior and posterior pole of the human thalamu …

centromere
<cell biology> The region in eukaryote chromosomes where daughter chromatids are joined together. ... The kinetochore, to which the spindle chromosomes are attached, lies adjacent to the centromere. The centromeric DNA codes for the kinetochore. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...