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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

celery seed
The dried ripe fruit of Apium graveolens (family Umbelliferae); has been used in dysmenorrhoea and as a sedative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celery stalk metaphyses
<radiology> Irregularity of metaphyses, primarily of long bones due to congenital infection (ToRCHS), especially rubella Differential diagnosis: osteopathia striata (Voerhaave syndrome) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Celestin
Felix, French physician, *1900. ... See: Celestin tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Celestin tube
A plastic tube introduced through a tumour in the oesophagus; it permits maintenance of swallowing certain substances when the lesion is unresectable. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celestine blue B
A dye recommended as a substitute for haematoxylin when it is unavailable. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celiac sprue
Synonym for coeliac sprue ... <gastroenterology> An inherited disease where the intestinal lining is inflamed in response to the ingestion of a protein known as gluten. Gluten is present in many grains including rye, oats, barley and triticale. ... Symptoms in infants include diarrhoea, slow growth, bloody stools, weight loss, vomiting and clay …

celiectomy
An obsolete term for excision of any abdominal organ, or part of one. ... Origin: G. Koilia, belly, + ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celio-
The abdomen. ... See: celo-. ... Origin: G. Koilia, belly ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celiocentesis
Rarely used term for paracentesis of the abdomen. ... Origin: celio-+ G. Kentesis, puncture ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celioenterotomy
An obsolete term for opening into the intestine through an incision in the abdominal wall. ... Origin: celio-+ G. Enteron, intestine, + tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celiogastrostomy
<procedure> An obsolete term for establishment of a gastric fistula through an incision in the abdominal wall. ... Origin: celio-+ G. Gaster, stomach, + stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celiogastrotomy
<procedure> An obsolete term for abdominal section with incision of the stomach. ... Origin: celio-+ G. Gaster, stomach, + tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celiohysterectomy
Synonym: abdominal hysterectomy. ... Origin: celio-+ G. Hystera, womb, + ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celiohysterotomy
Synonym: abdominal hysterotomy. ... Origin: celio-+ G. Hystera, womb, + tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celiomyalgia
Rarely used term for pain in the abdominal muscles. ... Origin: celio-+ G. Mys, muscle, + algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celiomyomectomy
Synonym: abdominal myomectomy. ... Origin: celio-+ myoma, + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celiomyomotomy
<procedure> An obsolete term for incision into a myoma after abdominal incision. ... Origin: celio-+ myoma, + G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celiomyositis
Inflammation of the abdominal muscles. ... Origin: celio-+ G. Mys, muscle, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celioparacentesis
Rarely used term for paracentesis of the abdomen. ... Origin: celio-+ G. Parakentesis, a puncture for dropsy ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celiopathy
Rarely used term for any abdominal disease. ... Origin: celio-+ G. Pathos, disease ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celiorrhaphy
Suture of a wound in the abdominal wall. ... Synonym: laparorrhaphy. ... Origin: celio-+ G. Rhaphe, seam ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celiosalpingectomy
Synonym: abdominal salpingectomy. ... Origin: celio-+ G. Salpinx, trumpet + ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celiosalpingotomy
Synonym: abdominal salpingotomy. ... Origin: celio-+ G. Salpinx, trumpet, + tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celioscopy
Synonym: peritoneoscopy. ... Origin: celio-+ G. Skopeo, to view ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celiotomy
<procedure> Transabdominal incision into the peritoneal cavity. ... Synonym: abdominal section, laparotomy, ventrotomy. ... Origin: celio-+ G. Tome, incision ... Vaginal celiotomy, opening the peritoneal cavity through the vagina. ... Synonym: culdotomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celiotomy incision
An incision through the abdominal wall. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celiprolol
<chemical> A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist that may act as a partial agonist at some adrenergic sites. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic beta-antagonists, anti-arrhythmia agents, antihypertensive agents, sympatholytics, vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: Urea, N'-(3-acetyl-4-(3-((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)-2-hydroxypropoxy …

celitis
Any inflammation of the abdomen. ... Origin: G. Koilia, belly, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cell
<cell biology> An autonomous self replicating unit (in principle) that may constitute an organism (in the case of unicellular organisms) or be a sub unit of multicellular organisms in which individual cells may be more or less specialised differentiated) for particular functions. ... The individual units from which tissues of the body are form …

cell adhesion
See: adhesins, cadherins, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), contact sites A, DLVO theory, integrins, sorting out, uvomorulin and various specialised junctions (adherens junctions, desmosomes, focal adhesions, gap junction and zonula occludens). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cell adhesion kinase
<enzyme> From hela cells; involved in cell-cell interactions; genbank l20817 ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: cak protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cell adhesion molecule
<molecular biology> Although this could mean any molecule involved in cellular adhesive phenomena, it has acquired a more restricted sense, namely a molecule on the surface of animal tissue cells, antibodies (or Fab fragments) against that specifically inhibit some form of intercellular adhesion. ... Examples are Liver Cell Adhesion Molecule a …

cell adhesion molecules
Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include the assembly and interconnection of various vertebrate systems, as well as maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, morphogenic movements, cellular migrations, and metastasis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell adhesion molecules, neuronal
Surface ligands that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion and function in the assembly and interconnection of the vertebrate nervous system. These molecules promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism. These are not to be confused with ncam (neural cell adhesion molecule), now known to be expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types in addition t …

cell aggregation
The phenomenon by which dissociated cells intermixed in vitro tend to group themselves with cells of their own type. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell aging
The decrease in the cell's ability to proliferate with the passing of time. Each cell is programmed for a certain number of cell divisions and at the end of that time proliferation halts. The cell enters a quiescent state after which it experiences cell death via the process of apoptosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell behaviour
<cell biology> General term for activities of whole cells such as movement, adhesion and proliferation, by analogy with animal behaviour. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cell biology
<study> The study of the internal workings of cells at the microscopic and molecular level - it is closely linked to molecular biology. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

cell body
Used in reference to neurons, the main part of the cell around the nucleus excluding long processes such as axons and dendrites. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cell bridges
Synonym for intercellular bridges ... Slender cytoplasmic strands connecting adjacent cells; in histological sections of the epidermis and other stratified squamous epithelia, the bridge's are processes attached by a desmosome and are shrinkage artifacts of fixation; true bridge's with cytoplasmic confluence exist between incompletely divided germ c …

cell centre
Microtubule organising centre of the cell, the pericentriolar region. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cell cloning
The process of producing a group of cells (clones), all genetically identical, from a single ancestral cell. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell communication
Any of several ways in which living cells of an organism communicate with one another, whether by direct contact between cells or by means of chemical signals carried by neurotransmitter substances, hormones, and cyclic AMP. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell compartmentation
A partitioning within cells due to the selectively permeable membranes which enclose each of the separate parts, e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell count
A count of the number of cells of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume of sample. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell culture
General term referring to the maintenance of cell strains or lines in the laboratory. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cell cycle
<cell biology, molecular biology> The sequence of events between mitotic divisions. The cycle is conventionally divided into G0, G1, (G standing for gap), S (synthesis phase during which the DNA is replicated), G2 and M (mitosis). ... Cells that will not divide again are considered to be in G0 and the transition from G0 to G1 is thought to com …

cell cycle proteins
Proteins that control the cell division cycle. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including cyclin-dependent kinases, mitogen-activated kinases, cyclins, and phosphoprotein phosphatases (phosphoprotein phosphatase) as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, and transcr …

cell cycle restriction point
<cell biology, molecular biology> A point, late in G1, after which the cell must, normally, proceed through to division at its standard rate. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell death
<cell biology> Cells die (nonaccidentally) either when they have completed a fixed number of division cycles (around 60, the Hayflick limit) or at some earlier stage when programmed to do so, as in digit separation in vertebrate limb morphogenesis. ... Whether this is due to an accumulation of errors or a programmed limit is unclear, some tran …

cell degranulation
The process of losing cytoplasmic granules. This occurs in mast cells, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, and platelets when secretory products are released from the granules. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell determination
The process by which embryonic cells, previously undifferentiated, take on a specific developmental character. ... Although the mechanism is not fully understood, homeotic proteins coded for by certain gene sequences (the homeobox) appear to trigger the process. Genes for homeotic proteins show remarkable similarity among species. ... See: morphogene …

cell differentiation
Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function which takes place during the development of the embryo and leads to the formation of specialised cells, tissues, and organs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell disruption
<technique> The procedures used to get genetically engineered products out of the cells in which they are produced. ... These procedures may be mechanical, resulting in cell breakage, or depend upon cell lysis, which is caused by adding lysozyme or solvents that affect the cell membrane, or antibiotics or antimetabolites that disrupt or disorg …

cell division
The separation of one cell into two daughter cells, involving both nuclear division (mitosis) and subsequent cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cell division cycle gene
Genes which control the yeast cell cycle. There are around 50 different genes which do this. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cell division cycle mutant
A yeast cell which has cell division cycle genes that have mutated to become sensitive to temperature, at certain temperatures (usually high ones), various parts of the normal yeast cell cycle become abnormal, and in some strains the yeast cell does not survive at all. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cell division phases
The stages which a cell undergoes when dividing. There are four successive phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell electrophoresis
<technique> A method for estimating the surface charge of a cell by looking at its rate of movement in an electrical field. Almost all eukaryotic cells have a net negative surface charge. ... Measurement is complicated by the streaming potential at the wall of the chamber itself and by the fact that the cell is surrounded by a layer of fluid ( …

cell extracts
Preparations of cell constituents or subcellular materials, isolates, or substances. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell fate
<embryology> Of an embryonic parent (progenitor) cell or cell type, the range and distribution of differentiated tissues formed by its daughter cells. ... For example: cells of the neural crest differentiate to form among other things) cells of the peripheral nervous system. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell fractionation
<technique> Strictly this should mean the separation of homogeneous sets from a heterogeneous population of cells (by a method such as flow cytometry). ... The term is more frequently used to mean subcellular fractionation i.e. The separation of different parts of the cell by differential centrifugation, to give nuclear, mitochondrial, microso …

cell fusion
<biology, embryology> Fusion of two previously separate cells occurs naturally in fertilization and in the formation of vertebrate skeletal muscle, but can be induced artificially by the use of Sendai virus or fusogens such as polyethylene glycol. ... Fusion may be restricted to cytoplasm or nuclei may fuse as well. A cell formed by the fusion …

cell growth
<cell biology> Usually used to mean increase in the size of a population of cells though strictly should be reserved for an increase in cytoplasmic volume of an individual cell. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell hybridization
Fusion of two or more dissimilar cells, leading to formation of a synkaryon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cell hypoxia
A condition of decreased oxygen content at the cellular level. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell inclusions
The residual elements of the cytoplasm that are metabolic products of the cell, e.g., pigment granules or crystals. ... Synonym: metaplasm. ... Storage materials such as glycogen or fat, engulfed material such as carbon or other foreign substances. ... See: inclusion bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cell junction
<cell biology> Specialised junctions between cells. ... See: adherens junctions, desmosomes, tight junctions, gap junctions. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell line
<cell culture> A cell line is a permanently established cell culture that will proliferate indefinitely given appropriate fresh medium and space. ... Lines differ from cell strains in that they have escaped the Hayflick limit and become immortalised. Some species, particularly rodents, give rise to lines relatively easily, whereas other specie …

cell line rights
<cell culture> Ownership of a new organism entity. Rulings indicate that any organism that is patentable at all can be patented if it has been manipulated to do something useful. ... Usually, the rights do not reside with the individual who has supplied the source of the organism, but with the individual or organisation who has made it. ... (26 …

cell line, transformed
Eukaryotic cell line obtained in a quiescent or stationary phase which undergoes conversion to a state of unregulated growth in culture, resembling an in vitro tumour. It occurs spontaneously or through interaction with viruses, oncogenes, radiation, or drugs/chemicals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell lineage
<cell culture, embryology> The lineage of a cell relates to its derivation from the undifferentiated tissues of the embryo. ... Committed embryonic progenitors give rise to a range of differentiated cells: in principle it should be possible to trace the ancestry lineage) of any adult cell. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell locomotion
<cell biology> Movement of a cell from one place to another. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell marker
<cell biology> Biochemical or genetic characteristics which distinguish and discriminate between different cell types. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell matrix
Synonym for cytoplasmic matrix ... A fluid cytoplasmic substance filling the interstices of the cytoskeleton. ... Synonym: cell matrix, cytomatrix. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cell membrane
<cell biology> The structure enveloping a cell, enclosing the cytoplasm and forming a selective permeability barrier. ... It consists of lipids, proteins and some carbohydrates, the lipids thought to form a bilayer in which integral proteins are embedded to varying degrees. ... Synonym: plasma membrane. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell membrane permeability
A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell migration
<cell biology> Implies movement of a population of cells from one place to another as in the movement of neural crest cells during morphogenesis. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell migration inhibition
Phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity measured by in vitro inhibition of the migration or phagocytosis of antigen-stimulated leukocytes or macrophages. Specific assays have been developed to estimate levels of migration-inhibitory factor, immune reactivity against tumour-associated antigens, and immunosuppressive effects of infectious microorganisms …

cell movement
<cell biology> A more general term than locomotion, that can include shape change, cytoplasmic streaming etc. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell nucleolus
Within most types of eukaryotic cell nucleus, a distinct region, not delimited by a membrane, in which some species of rrna (RNA, ribosomal) are synthesised and assembled into ribonucleoprotein subunits of ribosomes. In the nucleolus rrna is transcribed from a nucleolar organiser, i.e., a group of tandemly repeated chromosomal genes which encode rr …

cell nucleus
Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (cell nucleolus). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. ... (12 Dec 1998) …

cell organelle
Synonym for organelle ... <cell biology> A structurally discrete component of a cell. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cell physiology
Characteristics and physiological processes of cells from cell division to cell death. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell plate
<plant biology> Region in which the new cell wall forms after the division of a plant cell. ... In the plane of the equator of the spindle a disc like structure, the phragmoplast forms, into which are inserted pole derived microtubules. Golgi derived vesicles containing pectin come together and fuse at the plate which develops from the centre …

cell polarity
1. <cell biology> In epithelial cells the differentiation of apical and basal specialisations. In many epithelia the apical and baso lateral regions of plasma membrane differ in lipid and protein composition and are isolated from one another by tight junctions. The apical membrane may, for example: be the only region where secretory vesicles …

cell potential
<cell biology, physiology> The voltage of an electrochemical cell, the larger the cell potential, the greater the extent of reaction when equilibrium is reached. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell proliferation
<cell biology> Increase in cell number by division. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell recognition
<cell biology> Interaction between cells that is possibly dependent upon specific adhesion. Since the mechanism is not entirely clear in most cases, the term should be used with caution. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell renewal
<cell biology> Replacement of cells, for example those in the skin, by the proliferative activity of basal stem cells. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell respiration
The exergonic metabolic processes in living cells, animal or plant, by which molecular oxygen is taken in, organic substances are oxidised, free energy is released, and carbon dioxide, water, and other oxidised products are given off by the cell. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell sap
<cell biology> Effectively equivalent to the term cytosol. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell signalling
<cell biology> Release by one cell of substances that transmit information to other cells. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell size
The physical dimensions of a cell. It refers mainly to changes in dimensions correlated with physiological or pathological changes in cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell sorter
<apparatus> A device used to separate different kinds of cells from a mixed, or heterogeneous, population. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell sorting
<technique> The process or processes whereby mixed populations of cells, for example in a reaggregate, separate out into two or more populations that usually occupying different parts of the same aggregate or separate into different aggregates. ... Cell sorting probably takes place in the development of certain organs. ... See: differential adh …

cell strain
<cell culture> Cells adapted to culture, but with finite division potential. ... See: cell line. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell surface marker
<cell biology> Any molecule characteristic of the plasma membrane of a cell or in some cases of a specific cell type. 5' nucleotidase and Na/K ATPase are often used as plasma membrane markers. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell survival
The span of viability of a cell characterised by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell synchronisation
<technique> A process of obtaining (either by selection or imposition of a reversible blockade) a population of growing cells that are to a greater or lesser extent in phase with each other in the cycle of growth and division. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...