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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

cell theory
<biology> The theory that all cells come from previously existing cells, and that cells are the most fundamental structural units of all living things. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell transformation
Morphological and physiological changes resulting from infection of an animal cell by an oncogenic virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cell transformation, neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell transformation, viral
An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell transplantation
Transference of cells within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell wall
1. <cell biology> Extracellular material serving a structural role. ... 2. <plant biology> In plants the primary wall is pectin rich, the secondary wall mostly composed of cellulose. ... 3. <microbiology> In bacteria, cell wall structure is complex: the walls of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are distinctly different. Remo …

cell wall skeleton
<chemical> A mucoprotein found in the cell wall of various types of bacteria. It has adjuvant and antitumour activities and has been used to augment the production of lymphokine-activated killer (lak) cells. ... Pharmacological action: adjuvants, immunologic. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cell-bound antibody
A term used for antibody on the surface of cells that may be bound either through antigen combining sites or other sites such as the Fc region. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cell-free extract
<cell culture> A liquid that is a mixture of the contents of a particular type of cell, sometimes the organelles are also filtered out of the liquid. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell-free protein synthesis
<technique> An in vitro method to make proteins, using amino acids, the mRNA corresponding to the protein to be made, and a cell-free extract (the contents of a cell after removal of the cell wall and/or outer cell membranes) for other needed components and enzymes. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell-free system
<cell culture, molecular biology> Any system in which a normal cellular reaction is reconstituted in the absence of cells for example in vitro translation systems that will synthesise protein from mRNA using a lysate of rabbit reticulocytes or wheat germ. ... A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fract …

cell-mediated immunity
<immunology> Immune response that involves effector T lymphocytes and not the production of humoral antibody. ... Responsible for allograft rejection, delayed hypersensitivity and in defence against viral infection and intracellular protozoan parasites. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cell-mediated reaction
Immunological reaction of the delayed type, involving chiefly T lymphocytes, important in host defense against infection, in autoimmune diseases, and in transplant rejection. ... See: skin test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cella
A room or cell. ... Origin: L. Storeroom, or compartment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cella media
Synonym for pars centralis ventriculi lateralis ... The body of the lateral ventricle of the brain, extending from the interventricular foramen (of Monro) to the collateral trigone (i.e., junction of posterior and inferior horns). ... Synonym: cella media. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellicolous
Living within cells. ... Origin: L. Cella, cells, + colo, to abide in ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellobiase
Synonym for beta-d-glucosidase ... A glucohydrolase similar to alpha-d-glucosidase, but attacking beta-glucosides and releasing beta-d-glucose. ... Synonym: amygdalase, cellobiase, gentiobiase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellobiose
<biochemistry> Reducing disaccharide composed of two D glucose moieties beta 1, 4 linked. The disaccharide subunit of cellulose, though not found as a free compound in vivo. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cellobiose oxidase
<enzyme> Haem-containing flavoprotein, requires molecular oxygen ... Registry number: EC 1.1.3.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cellobiosidase
<enzyme> Cleaves the penultimate glucosidic linkage of p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cellodextrin phosphorylase
<enzyme> Reverse reaction is used to synthesise cellodextrins ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.49 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cellohexose
Synonym for d-glucose ... D-Glucose;a dextrorotatory monosaccharide (hexose) found in the free state in fruits and other parts of plants, and combined in glucosides, disaccharides (often with fructose in sugars), oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides; it is the product of complete hydrolysis of cellulose, starch, and glycogen. Free glucose also occu …

celloidin
A solution of pyroxylin in ether and alcohol, used for embedding histologic specimens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellon
Synonym for tetrachloroethane ... Cl2HC-CHCl2;acetylene tetrachloride; a nonflammable solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, etc.; used in the manufacture of paint and varnish removers, photographic films, lacquers, and insecticides. Its toxicity exceeds that of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, and produces narcosis, liver damage, kidney damage, …

cellona
A cellulose bandage impregnated with plaster of Paris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellophane
<chemical> A generic name for film produced from wood pulp by the viscose process. It is a thin, transparent sheeting of regenerated cellulose, moisture-proof and sometimes dyed, and used chiefly as food wrapping or as bags for dialysis. ... Chemical name: Cellophane ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cellose
Synonym for cellobiose ... <biochemistry> Reducing disaccharide composed of two D glucose moieties beta 1, 4 linked. The disaccharide subunit of cellulose, though not found as a free compound in vivo. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cells
Minute protoplasmic masses that make up organised tissue, consisting of a nucleus which is surrounded by protoplasm which contains the various organelles and is enclosed in the cell or plasma membrane. Cells are the fundamental, structural, and functional units of living organisms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cells, cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cells, immobilised
Microbial, plant, or animal cells which are immobilised by attachment to solid structures, usually a column matrix. A common use of immobilised cells is in biotechnology for the bioconversion of a substrate to a particular product. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cells, reproductive
The eggs and sperm are the reproductive cells. Each mature reproductive cell is haploid in that it has a single set of 23 chromosomes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cellubrevin
<protein> Protein involved in regulating vesicle fusin. Has 60% sequence identity with synaptobrevin (VAMP 2) and is a target for tetanus toxin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cellula
1. In gross anatomy, a small but macroscopic compartment. ... Synonym: cellule. ... 2. In histology, a cell. ... Origin: L. A small chamber, dim. Of cella ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellulae anteriores
Synonym for anterior ethmoidal air cells ... The anterior group of air cells of the ethmoidal sinus's; each sinus communicates with the middle meatus of the nasal cavity. ... Synonym: sinus ethmoidales anteriores, anterior cells, anterior sinuses, cellulae anteriores. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellulae coli
Synonym for haustra coli ... haustra of colon ...

cellulae ethmoidales
See: ethmoid air cells ... See: anterior ethmoidal air cells, middle ethmoidal air cells, posterior ethmoidal air cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellulae mastoideae
Synonym for mastoid air cells ... Numerous small intercommunicating cavities in the mastoid process of the temporal bone that empty into the mastoid or tympanic antrum. ... Synonym: cellulae mastoideae, mastoid cells, mastoid sinuses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellulae mediae
Synonym for middle ethmoidal air cells ... The middle group of air cells of the ethmoidal sinus's; each sinus communicates with the middle meatus of the nasal cavity. ... Synonym: sinus ethmoidales mediae, cellulae mediae, middle cells, middle ethmoidal sinuses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellulae posteriores
Synonym for posterior ethmoidal air cells ... The posterior group of air cells of the ethmoidal sinus's; each sinus communicates with the superior meatus of the nasal cavity. ... Synonym: sinus ethmoidales posteriores, cellulae posteriores, posterior cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellulae tympanicae
Synonym for tympanic air cells ... Numerous groovelike depressions in the walls of the tympanic cavity, communicating with the tubal air cells. ... Synonym: cellulae tympanicae, tympanic cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellular
1. Relating to, derived from, or composed of cells. ... 2. Having numerous compartments or interstices. ... Origin: L. Cellula, dim. Of cella, storeroom ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellular biology
Synonym for cytology ... <study> The study of cells. Implies the use of light or electron microscopic methods for the study of morphology. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cellular biophysics
Biophysics concerned with cellular processes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellular blue nevus
A large, acquired blue nevus in which melanocytes are often clear and large, alternating with pigmented spindle cells and which may expand deeply into the subcutis; malignant change is very rare. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellular cartilage
An embryonic or immature stage of cartilage in which it consists chiefly of cells with very little matrix. ... Synonym: parenchymatous cartilage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellular embolism
Embolism due to a mass of cells transported from disintegrating tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellular engineering
<technique> The use of techniques for constructing replacement or additional or experimental parts of cells and tissues for both fundamental investigation and as prosthetic devices. Often involves the interfacing of cells and nonliving structures. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cellular immune theory
A concept, put forth by Elie Metchnikoff, that cells, not antibodies, were responsible for the immune response of an organism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellular immunity
<cell biology, immunology> Immune response that involves enhanced activity by phagocytic cells and does not imply lymphocyte involvement. Since the term is easily confused with cell-mediated immunity its use in this sense should be avoided. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...

cellular infiltration
Migration of cells from their sources of origin, or direct extension of cells as a result of unusual growth and multiplication, thereby resulting in fairly well-defined foci, irregular accumulations, or diffusely distributed individual cells in the connective tissue and interstices of various organs and tissues; used especially with reference to su …

cellular microbiology
<study> A new discipline emerging at the interface between cell biology and microbiology. One major focus of this new field is on the interference of pathogenic bacteria with many eukaryotic cell functions, such as maturation of intracellular compartments, internal cellular communication, or even cell division and differentiation. ... The stud …

cellular mosaicism
A chimerism in which a tissue contains cells from different zygotes; e.g., in humans, involving erythrocytes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellular oncogene
<molecular biology> A normal gene that, when mutated or improperly expressed, can cause cancer to develop. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cellular pathology
The interpretation of diseases in terms of cellular alterations, i.e., the ways in which cells fail to maintain homeostasis, sometimes used as a synonym for cytopathology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellular polyp
Synonym for adenomatous polyp ... A polyp that consists of benign neoplastic tissue derived from glandular epithelium. ... Synonym: cellular polyp, polypoid adenoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellular respiration
<biochemistry> The conversion within the cell of nutrients (such as sugar molecules) into chemical energy in the form of ATP, by reacting the food with oxygen (O2) until the food has completely been degraded into carbon dioxide and H2O. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cellular slime mould
See: Acrasidae. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cellular tumour
A tumour composed mainly of closely packed cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellularity
The degree, quality, or condition of cells that are present. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellule
Synonym for cellula ... 1. In gross anatomy, a small but macroscopic compartment. ... Synonym: cellule. ... 2. In histology, a cell. ... Origin: L. A small chamber, dim. Of cella ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellulicidal
Destructive to cells. ... Origin: cellula + L. Caedo, to kill ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellulifugal
Moving from, or extending in a direction away from, a cell or cell body; denoting certain cells repelled by other cells, or processes extending from the body of a cell. ... Origin: cellula + L. Fugio, to flee ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellulin
Synonym for cellulose ... <plant biology> A straight chain polysaccharide composed of _(1-4) linked glucose subunits. A major component of plant cell walls where it is found as microfibrils laid down in orthogonal layers. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

cellulipetal
Moving toward, or extending in a direction toward, a cell or cell body. ... Origin: cellula + L. Peto, to seek ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellulite
1. Colloquial term for deposits of fat and fibrous tissue causing dimpling of the overlying skin. ... Synonym: lipoedema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellulitic phlegmasia
Inflammatory swelling of the leg, following childbirth, due to septic inflammation of the connective tissue. ... Synonym: phlegmasia dolens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellulitis
<dermatology> An acute, diffuse, spreading, oedematous, suppurative inflammation of the deep subcutaneous tissues and sometimes muscle, which may be associated with abscess formation. ... It is usually caused by infection of an operative or traumatic wound, burn or other cutaneous lesion by various bacteria, but group A streptococci and Staphy …

cellulocutaneous flap
A flap of skin and subcutaneous tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celluloid strip
A clear plastic strip used as a matrix when inserting a silicate cement or acrylic resin cement in proximal cavity preparations of anterior teeth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellulosan
Synonym for hemicellulose ... <plant biology> Class of plant cell wall polysaccharide that cannot be extracted from the wall by hot water or chelating agents, but can be extracted by aqueous alkali. Includes xylan, glucuronoxylan, arabinoxylan, arabinogalactan II, glucomannan, xyloglucan and galactomannan. Part of the cell wall matrix. ... (18 …

cellulose
<plant biology> A straight chain polysaccharide composed of _(1-4) linked glucose subunits. A major component of plant cell walls where it is found as microfibrils laid down in orthogonal layers. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

cellulose acetate
A polymer commonly used as a support medium for electrophoresis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellulose acetate phthalate
A reaction product of phthalic anhydride and a partial acetate ester of cellulose; used as a tablet-coating agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellulose synthase
<enzyme, plant biology> A enzyme which assembles sugar molecules into cellulose (a major component of the cell walls of plant cells). ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

cellulose tape technique
Use of a piece of transparent cellulose tape applied to a glass slide to obtain perianal samples for identification of pinworm eggs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellulose, oxidised
<chemical> A cellulose of varied carboxyl content retaining the fibrous structure. It is used as a local haemostatic and as a matrix for normal blood coagulation. ... Pharmacological action: haemostatics. ... Chemical name: Cellulose, 6-carboxy ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cellulosic acid
See: oxidised cellulose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cellulosome
<plant biology> An organelle (essentially an organ within a cell) which breaks down cellulose (a structural carbohydrate found in plants) and is found in certain bacteria (specifically the ones which can digest cellulose). ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

cellusome
<cell biology> A cellulose binding, cellulase containing, cell surface organelle in certain prokaryotes. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

CELO virus
<virology> A virus with characteristics of adenovirus, and similar to quail bronchitis virus. ... Synonym: chicken embryo lethal orphan virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celo-
1. The celom. ... Origin: G. Koiloma, hollow (celom) ... 2. Hernia. ... Origin: G. Kele, hernia ... 3. The abdomen. ... See: celio-. ... Origin: G. Koilia, belly ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celom
1. The cavity between the splanchnic and somatic mesoderm in the embryo. ... Synonym: body cavity. ... Origin: G. Koiloma, a hollow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celomic
Relating to the body cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celomic bay
Medial and lateral recesses at either side of the urogenital mesentery of the embryo, superior recess of the vestibule of the lesser peritoneal space; with the formation of the diaphragm, a portion of the right recess is cut off and becomes the infracardiac bursa; the portion below the diaphragm becomes the superior recess of the lesser peritoneal …

celomic pouches
Lateral mesoderm-lined diverticula lying at either side of the notochord in the developing Amphioxus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celonychia
Synonym: koilonychia. ... Origin: G. Koilos, hollowed, + onyx (onych-), nail ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celophlebitis
Inflammation of a vena cava. ... Synonym: cavitis. ... Origin: G. Koilos, hollow, + phlebitis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celoscope
<instrument> Rarely used term for an optical device for examining the interior of a body cavity. ... Origin: G. Koilos, hollow, + skopeo, to view ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celoscopy
Rarely used term for examination of any body cavity with an optical instrument. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celosomia
Congenital protrusion of the abdominal or thoracic viscera, usually with a defect of the sternum and ribs as well as of the abdominal walls. ... Synonym: kelosomia. ... Origin: G. Kele, hernia, + soma, body ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

celozoic
<biology, microbiology> Inhabiting any of the cavities of the body; applied to certain parasitic protozoa, chiefly gregarines. ... Origin: G. Koilos, hollow, + zoikos, pertaining to animals ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Celsius
<unit> A measurement of temperature (Celsius or Centigrade) that is commonly used in Europe. ... Normal body temperature is considered to be 37 degrees Celsius or 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. Body temperature can vary 1/2 degree Celsius above or below 37 C and still be considered normal. Body temperature varies with many factors including level of …

Celsius scale
A temperature scale that is based upon the triple point of water (defined to be 273.16 K) and assigned the value of 0.01°C; this has replaced the centigrade scale because the triple point of water can be more accurately measured than the ice point; although, for most practical purposes, the two scales are equivalent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Celsius, Anders
<person> Swedish astronomer, 1701-1744. ... See: Celsius scale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Celsus kerion
Synonym for tinea kerion ... An inflammatory fungus infection of the scalp and beard, marked by pustules and a boggy infiltration of the surrounding parts; most commonly caused by Microsporum audouinii. ... Synonym: Celsus kerion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Celsus, Aulus Cornelius
<person> Roman physician and medical writer, ca. 30 B.C.-45 A.D. ... See: Celsus' alopecia, Celsus' area, Celsus kerion, Celsus' papules, Celsus' vitiligo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Celsus' area
<dermatology> An obsolete term for alopecia areata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Celsus' papules
Synonym for lichen agrius ... Acute papular eczema of severe type. ... Synonym: Celsus' papules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Celsus' vitiligo
<dermatology> An obsolete term for alopecia areata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cement
<dentistry> A nonmetallic material used for luting, filling, or permanent or temporary restorative purposes, made by mixing components into a plastic mass that sets, or as an adherent sealer in attaching various dental restorations in or on the tooth. ... Synonym: cementum. ... Origin: see cementum ... (05 Mar 2000) ...