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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

chiasma opticum
Synonym for optic chiasm ... <anatomy> The anatomic point of crossing or decussation of the optic nerve fibres. most of the nerve fibres cross to the opposite side. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chiasma syndrome
<syndrome> A syndrome characterised by a bitemporal visual field defect and optic nerve atrophy due to a lesion in or about the chiasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chiasma tendinum
Synonym for tendinous chiasm of the digital tendons ... Crossing of the tendons, the passage of the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus (flexor digitorum longus in the foot) through the interval left by the decussation of the fibres of the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis (flexor digitorum brevis in the foot). ... Synonym: chiasma …

chiasmapexy
Surgical fixation of the optic chiasma. ... Origin: G. Chiasma, decussation, + pexis, fixation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chiasmatic
Relating to a chiasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chiasmatic cistern
A dilation of the subarachnoid space below and anterior to the optic chiasm. ... Synonym: cisterna chiasmatis, cistern of chiasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chiasmatic groove
The groove on the upper surface of the sphenoid bone running transversely between the optic canals bounded anteriorly by the sphenoidal limbus and posteriorly by the tuberculum sellae; forms in relationship to the optic chiasm. ... Synonym: sulcus prechiasmatis, chiasmatic sulcus, optic groove, prechiasmatic sulcus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chiasmatic sulcus
Synonym for chiasmatic groove ... The groove on the upper surface of the sphenoid bone running transversely between the optic canals bounded anteriorly by the sphenoidal limbus and posteriorly by the tuberculum sellae; forms in relationship to the optic chiasm. ... Synonym: sulcus prechiasmatis, chiasmatic sulcus, optic groove, prechiasmatic sulcus.< …

chiastobasidial
<plant biology> Having to do with the the positions of the spindles in a developing fruiting body or basidium (the mushroom part) of fungus. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

Chicago disease
An obsolete term for North American blastomycosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chick heart fibroblast
<cell culture> The cells that emigrate from an explant of embryonic chick heart maintained in culture. Often used as archetypal normal cell. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chick nutritional dermatosis
Dermatosis in chicks, with eruptions about the eyes, mouth, and feet; responds to pantothenic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chick-Martin test
A method of testing the in vitro efficiency of a bactericidal agent; a standard culture of Salmonella typhi which has been added to a fixed amount of sterilised faeces or yeast is tested for a fixed period (30 minutes), against various concentrations of phenol solution and various concentrations of the disinfectant; the result is expressed as a rat …

chicken anaemia virus
The type species of circovirus, a small, non-enveloped DNA virus originally isolated from contaminated vaccines in japan. It causes chicken infectious anaemia and may possibly play a key role in haemorrhagic anaemia syndrome, anaemia dermatitis, and blue wing disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chicken breast
Synonym for pectus carinatum ... Pigeon-breasted. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chicken embryo lethal orphan virus
Synonym for CELO virus ... <virology> A virus with characteristics of adenovirus, and similar to quail bronchitis virus. ... Synonym: chicken embryo lethal orphan virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chicken fat clot
Clot formed in vitro or postmortem from leukocytes and plasma of sedimented blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chickenpox
<virology> A common highly infectious and contagious childhood viral infection that results in a generalised blistery red rash. ... The name was meant to distinguish this weak form of the pox from smallpox (chicken being used, as in chickenhearted, to mean weak or timid). ... Starts as an eruption of red papules (bumps) which become vesicles (b …

chickenpox immune globulin
Globulin fraction of serum from persons recently recovered from herpes zoster infection; used to prevent infection of high-risk children. ... Synonym: chickenpox immunoglobulin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chickenpox immunization
This vaccine prevents the common disease known as chickenpox (varicella zoster). While chickenpox is often considered a trivial illness, it can cause significant lost time on the job and in school and have serious complications including ear infections, pneumonia, and infection of the rash with bacteria, inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) lea …

chickenpox immunoglobulin
chickenpox immune globulin (human) ...

chickenpox vaccine
<pharmacology, virology> A live-varicella virus vaccine. Limited clinical trials suggest the immunity lasts for at least six years. ... The only significant adverse reaction detected in clinical studies was pain and redness at the injection site. Children (or adults) with a history for an anaphylactoid reaction to neomycin or gelatin or the pr …

chickenpox virus
Synonym for varicella-zoster virus ... A herpesvirus, morphologically identical to herpes simplex virus, that causes varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster in man; varicella results from a primary infection with the virus; herpes zoster results from secondary invasion by the same virus or by reactivation of infection which in many instances has be …

chicle
The partially evaporated viscous, milky juice from Manilkara zapotilla, sapotaceae), which is native to the West Indies, Mexico, and Central America or a mixture of gutta with triterpene alcohols. Used in the manufacture of chewing gum. ... Origin: Sp., from Nahuatl chictli ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chiclero ulcer
Lesion of the pinna of the ear due to cutaneous leishmaniasis, usually Leishmania mexicana; seen in workers harvesting chicle plants in Central America. ... Synonym: bay sore. ... Origin: Sp. Chicle farmer, fr. Chicle, fr. Nahuatl chictli ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chicory
A thick-rooted perennial (cichorium intybus) native to europe but widely grown for its young leaves used as salad greens and for its roots, dried and ground-roasted, used to flavor or adulterate coffee. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chief agglutinin
Synonym for major agglutinin ... Immune agglutinin present in greatest quantity in an antiserum and evoked by the most dominant of a mosaic of antigens. ... Synonym: chief agglutinin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chief artery of thumb
Synonym for princeps pollicis artery ... <anatomy, artery> Origin, radial (deep palmar (arterial) arch); distribution, palmar surface and sides of thumb; anastomoses, arteries on dorsum of thumb. ... Synonym: arteria princeps pollicis, chief artery of thumb, princeps pollicis, principal artery of thumb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chief cell
The predominant cell type of a gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chief cell of corpus pineale
Synonym for pinealocyte ... A cell of the pineal body with long processes ending in bulbous expansions. Pinealocytes receive a direct innervation from sympathetic neurons that form recognizable synapses. The club-shaped endings of pinealocyte processes terminate in perivascular spaces surrounding capillaries. ... Synonym: chief cell of corpus pineale …

chief cell of parathyroid gland
A round clear cell with a centrally located nucleus; secretes parathyroid hormone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chief cell of stomach
Synonym for zymogenic cell ... <pathology> Cells of the basal part of the gastric glands of the stomach. ... They contain extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and zymogen granules and secrete pepsinogen, the inactive precursor of pepsin and rennin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chief cells, gastric
Epithelial cells that line the basal half of the gastric glands. Chief cells synthesise and secrete pepsinogen, a precursor of the enzyme pepsin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chief complaint
The primary symptom that a patient states as the reason for seeking medical care. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chief executive officers, hospital
Individuals who have the formal authority to manage a hospital, including its programs and services, in accordance with the goals and objectives established by a governing body (governing board). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Chievitz, Johan
<person> Danish anatomist, 1850-1901. ... See: Chievitz' layer, Chievitz' organ. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chievitz' layer
In the developing retina of an embryo, a transitory zone between the inner and outer neuroblastic layer's that is devoid of nuclei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chievitz' organ
A normal epithelial structure, possibly a neurotransmitter, found at the angle of the mandible with branches of the buccal nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chigger
The six-legged larva of Trombicula species and other members of the family Trombiculidae; a bloodsucking stage of mites that includes the vectors of scrub typhus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chiggers
<dermatology> A skin infestation, common in the southern United States, caused by the larva of the red mite (harvest mite). Features include an itchy red rash to the waist, ankle and skin folds. No specific treatment is necessary as the rash will resolve spontaneously. Antihistamines can be used to control itching. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chigoe
Common name for Tunga penetrans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chikungunya virus
A species of alphavirus causing an acute dengue-like fever. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chil-
See: chilo-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chilaiditi
Demetrius, Austrian radiologist, *1883. ... See: Chilaiditi's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chilaiditi syndrome
<radiology> Interposition of colon between liver and right hemidiaphragm, causes elevation of right hemidiaphragm ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Chilaiditi's syndrome
<syndrome> Interposition of the colon between the liver and the diaphragm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chilblain
<symptom> Redness, itching and burning of the skin, especially the fingers, toes, heels, nose and ears on exposure to extreme cold and high humidity. Skin lesions may become blistered and or ulcerated. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chilblain lupus
Synonym for chilblain lupus erythematosus ... Skin lesions seen in patients with lupus erythematosus, resembling the small, hardened nodular areas of a cold injury called chilblains. ... Synonym: chilblain lupus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chilblain lupus erythematosus
Skin lesions seen in patients with lupus erythematosus, resembling the small, hardened nodular areas of a cold injury called chilblains. ... Synonym: chilblain lupus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chilblains
A form of cold injuries along with trench foot, and frostbite. Cold injuries occur with and without freezing of body tissues. The young and the elderly are especially prone to cold injury. Alcohol increases the risk of cold injury which can lead to loss of body parts and even to death. It is important not to thaw an extremity if there is a risk of …

child
A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is child, preschool. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child abuse
Abuse of children in a family, institutional, or other setting. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child abuse, sexual
Sexual maltreatment of the child or minor. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child advocacy
Promotion and protection of the rights of children; frequently through a legal process. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child behaviour
Any observable response or action of a child from 24 months through 12 years of age. For neonates or children younger than 24 months, infant behaviour is available. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child behaviour disorders
Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child care
Care of children in the home or institution. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child custody
The formally authorised guardianship or care of a child. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child day care centres
Facilities which provide care for pre-school and school-age children. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child development
The continuous sequential physiological and psychological maturing of the child from birth up to but not including adolescence. It includes healthy responses to situations, but does not include growth in stature or size (= growth). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child guidance
The psychiatric, sociological and psychological study and treatment of the developing child with emphasis on preventive or prophylactic measures focused on the familial, educational and socio-environmental milieu of the child. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child guidance clinics
Facilities which administer the delivery of mental health counseling services to children. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child health services
Organised services to provide health care for children. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child language
The language and sounds expressed by a child at a particular maturational stage in development. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child nutrition
Nutrition of children aged 2-12 years. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child nutrition disorders
Malnutrition, occurring in children ages 2 to 12 years, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child of impaired parents
A child of one or more parents afflicted by an organic, psychiatric, or behavioural disorder. Articles on this subject tend to focus on the child from the social, behavioural, or psychological viewpoint, rather than the genetic. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child psychiatry
The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders in children. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child psychology
The study of normal and abnormal behaviour of children. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child reactive disorders
Reactions to an event or set of events which are considered to be of pathological degree, that have not developed into a neurosis, psychosis, or personality disorder with fixed patterns. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child rearing
The training or bringing-up of children by parents or parent-substitutes. It is used also for child rearing practices in different societies, at different economic levels, in different ethnic groups, etc. It differs from parenting in that in child rearing the emphasis is on the act of training or bringing up the child and the interaction between th …

CHILD syndrome
<syndrome> Congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

child welfare
Organised efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of the child. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child, abandoned
A child who is deserted by parents or parent substitutes without regard for its future care. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child, exceptional
A child who deviates from the average in mental, physical, or social characteristics to such an extent that he requires a modification of services in order to develop his maximum potential. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child, gifted
A child whose intelligence is in the upper two percent of the total population of his age. A gifted child is a child having outstanding ability in any respect. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child, hospitalised
Child hospitalised for short term care. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child, institutionalised
The normal or defective child who is being cared for in an institution either because he is homeless or requires special care. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child, preschool
A child between the ages of 2 and 5. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

child, unwanted
The child who is not wanted by one or both parents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

childbearing
Pregnancy and parturition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

childbearing age
The period in a woman's life between puberty and menopause. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

childbed fever
Synonym for puerperal fever ... Postpartum sepsis with a rise in fever after the first 24 hours following delivery, but before the eleventh postpartum day. ... Synonym: childbed fever, puerperal sepsis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

childbirth
The process of labour and delivery in the birth of a child. ... See: birth, accouchement. ... Synonym: parturition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

childhood
The period of life between infancy and puberty. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

childhood absence epilepsy
A generalised epilepsy syndrome characterised by the onset of absence seizures in childhood, typically at age six or seven years. There is a strong genetic predisposition and girls are affected more often than boys. EEG reveals generalised 3 Hz spike-wave activity on a normal background. Prognosis for remission is good if the patient does not also …

childhood muscular dystrophy
Synonym for Duchenne dystrophy ... The most common childhood muscular dystrophy, with onset usually before age 6. Characterised by symmetrical weakness and wasting of first the pelvic and crural muscles and then the pectoral and proximal upper extremity muscles; pseudohypertrophy of some muscles, especially the calf; heart involvement; sometimes mil …

childhood schizophrenia
Synonym for infantile autism ... A severe emotional disturbance of childhood characterised by qualitative impairment in reciprocal social interaction and in communication, language, and social development. ... Synonym: autistic disorder, childhood schizophrenia, early infantile autism, Kanner's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

childhood tuberculosis
Initial (primary) infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, characterised by pneumonic lesions in middle parts of lungs, rarely cavitary, with rapid spread to lymph nodes in hilar and paratracheal areas; more often seen in childhood, but pattern is not limited to children. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

childhood type tuberculosis
Synonym for primary tuberculosis ... First infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, typically seen in children but also occurs in adults, characterised in the lungs by the formation of a primary complex consisting of small peripheral pulmonary focus with spread to hilar or paratracheal lymph nodes; may cavitate or heal with scarring or may progress. …

children's immunizations
In the United States, it is recommended that all children receive vaccination against: Hepatitis B, Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB), Poliovirus, Measles, mumps, rubella, Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox). Every child should have these vaccinations except when there are special circumstances and the child's doct …

Chilean saltpeter
Synonym for sodium nitrate ... NaNO3;formerly used for dysentery and as a diuretic. ... Synonym: Chilean saltpeter, cubic niter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chill
1. A sensation of cold. ... 2. A feeling of cold with shivering and pallor, accompanied by an elevation of temperature in the interior of the body; usually a prodromal symptom of an infectious disease due to the invasion of the blood by toxins. ... Synonym: rigor. ... Origin: A.S. Cele, cold ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chilo-
Chil- ... Lips. ... See: cheilo-. ... Origin: G. Cheilos, lip ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chilomastigiasis
Infection with Chilomastix flagellates, such as C. Mesnili of the human caecum. ... Synonym: chilomastosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chilomastix
A genus of protozoan flagellates parasitic in the large intestine of man and other primates, and in many other mammals, birds, amphibia, and reptiles; it is ordinarily nonpathogenic, but one species, Chilomastix mesnili, may be an occasional cause of diarrhoea in children. ... Origin: chilo-+ G. Mastix, whip ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chilomastosis
Synonym for chilomastigiasis ... Infection with Chilomastix flagellates, such as C. Mesnili of the human caecum. ... Synonym: chilomastosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chiloplasty
Synonym for cheiloplasty ... Plastic surgery of the lips. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Chilopoda
A class of centipedes (phylum Arthropoda). ... Origin: chilo-+ G. Pous, foot ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chilopodiasis
Invasion of one of the cavities, especially the nasal cavity, by a species of Chilopoda. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...