Copy of `mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.


 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


chemoprevention
The use of natural or laboratory-made substances to prevent cancer. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chemoprophylaxis
<epidemiology> Drug treatment designed to prevent future occurrences of disease. Treatment may be chemotherapy as far as an individual is concerned but chemopropylactic for the population as a whole. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

chemoreceptor
A receptor adapted for excitation by chemical substances, for example, olfactory and gustatory receptors or a sense organ, as the carotid body or the aortic (supracardial) bodies, which is sensitive to chemical changes in the blood stream, especially reduced oxygen content and reflexly increases both respiration and blood pressure. ... See: receptor …

chemoreceptor tumour
Synonym for chemodectoma ... Aortic body, carotid body, chemoreceptor, or glomus jugulare tumour; nonchromaffin paraganglioma; receptoma; a relatively rare, usually benign neoplasm originating in the chemoreceptor tissue of the carotid body, glomus jugulare, and aortic bodies; consisting histologically of rounded or ovoid hyperchromatic cells that t …

chemoreceptors
Cells specialised to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chemoreflex
A reflex initiated by the stimulation of chemoreceptors, e.g., of a carotid body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chemorepellant
Opposite of chemoattractant. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chemoresistance
Resistance of cells to the actions of specific chemicals. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chemosensitive
Capable of perceiving changes in the chemical composition of the environment, e.g., changes in the oxygen and carbon dioxide content of the blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chemosensitizer
Drugs or chemicals that enhance the therapeutic effects of chemotherapy drugs and therefore improve their effectiveness. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chemoserotherapy
An obsolete treatment of disease with a combination of drugs and serum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chemosis
Oedema of the bulbar conjunctiva forming a swelling around the iris of the eye. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chemosmosis
Chemical reaction between substances initially separated by a membrane. ... Origin: chem-+ G. Osmos, a thrusting, an impulsion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chemostat
Apparatus for maintaining a bacterial population in the exponential phase of growth by regulating the input of a rate limiting nutrient and the removal of medium and cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chemosterilant
A chemical for controlling insect populations which prevents them from reproducing without killing them or changing their mating behaviours. ... Compare: pesticide. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chemosterilants
Chemical compounds the ingestion of which causes sterility of an organism. Such compounds have been used as a means of controlling various insects and other pests by inducing sterility in the male. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chemosurgery
Excision of diseased tissue after it has been fixed in situ by chemical means. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chemosynthesis
The use of inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide to make carbohydrates from the energy released by chemical reactions. ... Compare: photosynthesis. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chemotactic
Synonym for chemotaxis ... A response of motile cells or organisms in which the direction of movement is affected by the gradient of a diffusible substance. Differs from chemokinesis in that the gradient alters probability of motion in one direction only, rather than rate or frequency of random motion. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chemotactic factors
Chemical substances that attract or repel cells or organisms. The concept denotes especially those factors released as a result of tissue injury, invasion, or immunologic activity, that attract leukocytes, macrophages, or other cells to the site of infection or insult. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chemotactic factors, eosinophil
Cytotaxins liberated from normal or invading cells that specifically attract eosinophils; they may be complement fragments, lymphokines, neutrophil products, histamine or other; the best known is the tetrapeptide ecf-a, released mainly by mast cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chemotactic factors, macrophage
Cytotaxins liberated from normal or invading cells that specifically attract macrophages. They may be lymphokines, products of antigen, antibody and complement interactions or other. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chemotactic protein methylesterase
<enzyme> Demethylates methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- ... Synonym: chemotactic methylesterase, carboxymethylesterase of chemotaxis, cheb methylesterase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

chemotaxis
A response of motile cells or organisms in which the direction of movement is affected by the gradient of a diffusible substance. Differs from chemokinesis in that the gradient alters probability of motion in one direction only, rather than rate or frequency of random motion. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chemotaxis methyltransferase
<enzyme> Methylates methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins when added to permeability cells; see also methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins ... Registry number: EC 2.1.1.- ... Synonym: chemotaxis methyltransferase II, cher protein, frzf gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

chemotaxis, leukocyte
The movement of leukocytes in response to a chemical concentration gradient or to products formed in an immunologic reaction. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chemothalamectomy
<procedure> Chemical destruction of a part of the thalamus, usually for relief of pain or dyskinesia. ... Synonym: chemothalamotomy. ... Origin: chemo-+ thalamus, + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chemothalamotomy
Synonym for chemothalamectomy ... <procedure> Chemical destruction of a part of the thalamus, usually for relief of pain or dyskinesia. ... Synonym: chemothalamotomy. ... Origin: chemo-+ thalamus, + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chemotherapeutic
Chemotherapeutic agents are those medications that are used to treat various forms of cancer. These medications are given in a particular regimen over a period of weeks. most chemotherapeutic medications have the ability to directly kill cancer cells. For this same reason, these medications can suppress the bone marrow to some degree, lowering whit …

chemotherapeutic agent
Chemotherapeutic agents are those medications that are used to treat various forms of cancer. These medications are given in a particular regimen over a period of weeks. most chemotherapeutic medications have the ability to directly kill cancer cells. For this same reason, these medications can suppress the bone marrow to some degree, lowering whit …

chemotherapeutic index
The ratio of the minimal effective dose of a chemotherapeutic agent to the maximal tolerated dose. Originally used by Ehrlich to express the relative toxicity of a chemotherapeutic agent to a parasite and to its host. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chemotherapeutics
Noun plural but singular or plural in constructions: chemotherapy. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chemotherapy
<pharmacology, oncology> The treatment of disease by means of chemicals that have a specific toxic effect upon the disease producing microorganisms (antibiotics) or that selectively destroy cancerous tissue (anticancer therapy). ... (12 May 1997) ...

chemotherapy drug sensitivity test
<investigation> A test to assess a cancerous tissue's response and vulnerability to chemotherapy drugs. This test can help predict a patients response to treatment and suggest which drugs may be useful. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

chemotherapy, adjuvant
Drug therapy given to augment or stimulate some other form of treatment such as surgery or radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chemotic
Relating to chemosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chemotransmitter
A chemical substance produced to diffuse and cause responses of neurons or effector cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chemotroph
An organism that gets its energy by metabolising organicmaterial taken from other organisms. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chemotrophy
<biochemistry> Systems of metabolism in which energy is derived from endogenous chemical reactions rather than from food or light energy, for example in deep sea hot spring organisms. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chemotropism
<cell biology> Growth or possibly bending of an organism in response to an external chemical gradient. Sometimes used in error when the terms chemotaxis or chemokinesis should have been used. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Chenais, Louis
<person> French physician, 1872-1950. ... See: Cestan-Chenais syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cheney syndrome
<syndrome> Acro-osteolysis with osteoporosis and changes in the skull and mandible. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cheney, William
<person> U.S. Radiologist, *1918. ... See: Cheney syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chenodeoxycholic acid
<chemical> A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilise fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones. ... Pharmacological action: cathartic, cholagogues and choleretics, gast …

chenodeoxycholoyltaurine hydrolase
<enzyme> Acts on various bile acid taurine conjugates, but not on glycine conjugates of bile acids ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.74 ... Synonym: taurodeoxycholate hydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

chenodeoxycholyltaurine hydrolase
<enzyme> Hydrolyzes taurine-conjugated beta-muricholic acid; amino acid seq given in first source ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- ... Synonym: cdct hydrolase, met-glu-arg-thr-ile-thr-ile-gln-gln-ile-lys-asp-ala-ala-gln-nh2 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

chenodiol
Synonym for chenodeoxycholic acid ... <chemical> A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilise fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones. ... Pharmacological action: cathart …

chenopodiaceae
The goosefoot family of plants that includes beets, chard, and spinach. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chenopodium
The dried ripe fruit of Chenopodium ambrosoides (family Chenopodiaceae), American wormwood, from which a volatile oil is distilled and used as an anthelmintic. ... Synonym: Jesuit tea, Mexican tea, wormseed. ... Origin: G. Chen, goose, + pous (pod-), foot ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cherry angioma
<oncology, tumour> A benign and common skin growth which is characterised by smooth, bright red growth that may be a millimetre to one quater inch across. ... Diagnosis is made by appearance of the lesion. More commonly seen on the trunk in individuals over 40 years of age. No treatment is necessary, although cosmetic removal via cryotherapy m …

cherry juice
The juice expressed from the fresh ripe fruit of Prunus cerasus, containing not less than 1.0% of malic acid; used as a flavoring agent, and as a vehicle for cough syrups and other preparations for oral administrations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cherry-red spot
The ophthalmoscopic appearance of the normal choroid beneath the fovea centralis, appearing as a red spot surrounded by white retinal oedema in central artery closure or lipid infiltration in sphingolipidosis. ... Synonym: Tay's cherry-red spot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cherry-red spot myoclonus syndrome
<syndrome> A neuronal storage disorder in children characterised by a cherry red spot at the macula, progressive myoclonus, and easily controlled seizures; the result of sialidase deficiency. Type 1 is characterised by normal body habitus, cherry red macula, myoclonus, and normal beta-galactosidase levels; type 2 by short stature, bony abnorm …

cherubic facies
The characteristic child-like facies seen in cherubism; also seen in glycogenosis, particularly type 2. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cherubism
<radiology> Hereditary form of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, involves mandible ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chessboard grafts
An obsolete synonym for postage stamp graft's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chest
The anterior wall of the chest or thorax; the breast. ... See: thorax. ... Synonym: pectus, phthinoid. ... Origin: A.S. Cest, a box ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chest film
most common X-ray used to detect abnormalities in or within the thoracic cage, such as the lungs, heart, aorta, and the bones of the chest. Extra metallic objects, such as jewelry are removed from the chest and neck areas for a chest X-ray to avoid interference with x-ray penetration and improve accuracy of the interpretation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chest index
Synonym for thoracic index ... Anteroposterior diameter of the thorax times 100 divided by the transverse diameter of the thorax. ... Synonym: chest index. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chest leads
Those in which the exploring electrode is on the chest overlying the heart or its vicinity. ... Synonym: precordial leads, semidirect leads. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chest metastases with pneumothorax
<radiology> Common with metastatic sarcomas: osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chest pain
There are many causes of chest pain. One is angina which results from inadequate oxygen supply to the heart muscle. Angina can be caused by coronary artery disease or spasm of the coronary arteries. Chest pain can also be due to a heart attack (coronary occlusion) and other important diseases. Do not try to ignore chest pain and work (or play) thou …

chest physician
A medically qualified specialist in internal medicine who has subspecialised in the diseases of the chest and the breathing system. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

chest radiology
The clinical subspecialty concerned with the diagnostic radiology of diseases of the thorax, especially the heart or lungs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chest tube thoracostomy
<procedure, surgery> A surgical procedure to create an artificial conduit into the chest cavity. Usually performed for purposes of chest drainage. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chest tubes
Plastic tubes used for drainage of air or fluid from the pleural space. Their surgical insertion is called tube thoracostomy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chest wall
In respiratory physiology, the total system of structures outside the lungs that move as a part of breathing; it includes the rib cage, diaphragm, abdominal wall, and abdominal contents. ... Synonym: thoracic wall. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chest wall pain
Chest pain that originates from a noncardiac cause. Chest wall pain typically involves an inflammatory condition of the muscles, bones or joints that comprise the thorax. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chest X-ray
Commonly used to detect abnormalities in the lungs, but can also detect abnormalities in the heart, aorta, and the bones of the thoracic area. Metallic objects, such as jewelry are removed from the chest and neck areas for a chest X-ray to avoid interference with x-ray penetration and improve accuracy of the interpretation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chestnut
A small oval or round horny structure in the skin on the inner side of the legs of the horse. Since the architecture of chestnut's varies in every individual, they may be used, like fingerprints of man, for positive identification of individuals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chestnut blight
A disease of chestnut trees caused by the fungus Enqothia parasitica. The major symptom is swollen, cracked cankers that form on the outside of the tree, spread into the tree and kills it. This disease is the primary reason why there are almost no American chestnut trees alive today. The population was decimated when the disease was introduced to A …

Chevalier-Jackson dilator
An oesophageal dilator that passes through a rigid endoscope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chevron incision
A bilateral subcostal incision in the abdomen, in the shape of an inverted 'V'; used in upper gastrointestinal, renal, or adrenal surgery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chewing cycle
A complete course of movement of the mandible during a single masticatory stroke. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chewing force
Synonym for masticatory force ... force of mastication ...

chewing gum
A preparation of chicle, sometimes mixed with other plastic substances, sweetened and flavored. It is masticated usually for pleasure as a candy substitute but it sometimes acts as a vehicle for the administration of medication. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Cheyne-Stokes psychosis
A mental state characterised by anxiety and restlessness, accompanying Cheyne-Stokes respiration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cheyne-stokes respiration
A pattern of breathing with a gradual increase in the depth of respiration to a maximum, followed by a progressive decrease in the depth of respiration resulting in apnoea, characteristically seen in coma associated with severe neurological insult. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Cheyne, John
<person> Scottish physician, 1777-1836. ... See: Cheyne-Stokes psychosis, Cheyne-Stokes respiration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CHF
Synonym for congestive heart failure ... A condition where there is ineffective pumping of the heart leading to an accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Typical symptoms include shortness of breath with exertion, difficulty breathing when lying flat and leg or ankle swelling. Causes include chronic hypertension, cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarctio …

chi
1. The 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet, &chi;. ... 2. In chemistry, denotes the 22nd in a series. ... 3. Symbol for the dihedral angle between the alpha-carbon and the side-chains of amino acids in peptides and proteins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chi sequence
<molecular biology> A specific sequence of nucleotides on a site on the genome of the bacteria Escherichia coli which strongly encourages recombination and crossing over to occur at that site. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chi site
<molecular biology> Short, active sequences of DNA which strongly encourages crossing over of chromosomes to occur at that site. These sites become chiasmata more often than other sites. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chi squared
<statistics> Common statistical test to determine whether the observed values of a variable are significantly different from those expected on the basis of a null hypothesis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chi structure
<molecular biology> The name for the X-shaped structure which forms during the recombination process between two plasmids, or circular pieces, of DNA. The Greek letter chi resembles this structure. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chi-sequences
A specific DNA sequence in bacterial genomes that allows for extensive genetic recombination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chi-square
A statistical technique whereby variables are categorised to determine whether a distribution of scores is due to chance or experimental factors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chi-square distribution
A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used …

chi-square test
A statistical method of assessing the significance of a difference, as when the data from two or more samples is represented by a discrete number such as the numbers of females and males attending each of two colleges. ... Synonym: x2 test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chian turpentine
An exudation from Pistacia terebinthus, a small tree of Chios and regions eastward; on exposure to air it thickens and forms translucent yellow masses similar to mastic. ... Larch turpentine, a transparent, yellowish, thick liquid, the oleoresin obtained from Larix europaea (family Pinaceae). ... Synonym: Venice turpentine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chiari II syndrome
<syndrome> Elongation of medulla and cerebellar tonsils and vermis with displacement through the foramen magnum into the upper spinal canal; often associated with other cerebral anomalies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chiari-Budd syndrome
Synonym for Chiari's syndrome ... <syndrome> Thrombosis of the hepatic vein with great enlargement of the liver and extensive development of collateral vessels, intractable ascites, and severe portal hypertension. ... Synonym: Budd's syndrome, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Chiari's disease, Chiari-Budd syndrome, Rokitansky's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000)
chiari-frommel syndrome
<syndrome> Persistent lactation and amenorrhoea following pregnancy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Chiari, Hans
<person> German pathologist, 1851-1916. ... See: Arnold-Chiari deformity, Arnold-Chiari malformation, Arnold-Chiari syndrome, Chiari's disease, Chiari's net, Chiari's syndrome, Chiari II syndrome, Chiari-Budd syndrome, Budd-Chiari syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chiari, Johann
<person> German obstetrician, 1817-1854. ... See: Chiari-Frommel syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chiari's disease
Synonym for Chiari's syndrome ... <syndrome> Thrombosis of the hepatic vein with great enlargement of the liver and extensive development of collateral vessels, intractable ascites, and severe portal hypertension. ... Synonym: Budd's syndrome, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Chiari's disease, Chiari-Budd syndrome, Rokitansky's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000)
Chiari's net
Abnormal fibrous or lacelike strands in the right atrium, extending from the margins of the coronary or caval valves and attaching to the atrial wall along the line of the crista terminalis; results when resorption of the septum spurium is markedly less than normal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chiari's syndrome
<syndrome> Thrombosis of the hepatic vein with great enlargement of the liver and extensive development of collateral vessels, intractable ascites, and severe portal hypertension. ... Synonym: Budd's syndrome, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Chiari's disease, Chiari-Budd syndrome, Rokitansky's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chiasm
1. The crossing of intertwined chromosomes during prophase. ... Synonym: chiasma. ... Origin: G. Chiasma ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chiasma
<cell biology> Junction points between nonsister chromatids at the first diplotene of meiosis, the consequence of a crossing over event between maternal and paternally derived chromatids. ... A chiasma also serves a mechanical function and is essential for normal equatorial alignment at meiotic metaphase I in many species. Frequency of chiasma …