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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

choanate
Having a funnel, i.e., with a ring or collar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

choanoflagellate
Synonym for choanomastigote ... A term, in the series used to describe developmental stages of the parasitic flagellates, denoting the 'barleycorn' form of the flagellate in the genus Crithidia characterised by a collarlike extension surrounding the anterior and through which the single flagellum emerges. ... See: amastigote, epimastigote, promastigo …

choanoid
Funnel-shaped. ... Synonym: infundibuliform. ... Origin: G. Choane, funnel, + eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

choanomastigote
A term, in the series used to describe developmental stages of the parasitic flagellates, denoting the 'barleycorn' form of the flagellate in the genus Crithidia characterised by a collarlike extension surrounding the anterior and through which the single flagellum emerges. ... See: amastigote, epimastigote, promastigote, trypomastigote. ... Synonym: …

Choanotaenia infundibulum
An important species of cosmopolitan tapeworm of fowls, occurring in the small intestine and transmitted by houseflies and stableflies; related to Dipylidium, the double-pored dog tapeworm. ... Origin: G. Choane, a funnel, + L., fr. G. Tainia, tapeworm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chocolate agar
Blood agar heated until the blood becomes brown or chocolate in colour, used especially to isolate Haemophilus influenza or Neisseria species. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chocolate cyst
Cyst of the ovary with intracavitary haemorrhage and formation of a haematoma containing old brown blood; often seen with endometriosis of the ovary but occasionally with other types of cyst's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chocolate poisoning
Poisoning, most commonly of dogs, by ingestion of excessive quantities of chocolate (especially unsweetened baker's chocolate); the causative toxin is theobromine which produces thirst, vomiting, diarrhoea, urinary incontinence, chronic muscle spasms, seizures, and coma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chodzko's reflex
Contractions of several muscles of the shoulder girdle and arm when the manubrium sterni is percussed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

choice behaviour
The act of making a selection among two or more alternatives, usually after a period of deliberation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

choke
1. To prevent respiration by compression or obstruction of the larynx or trachea. ... 2. Any obstruction of the oesophagus in herbivorous animals by a partly swallowed foreign body. ... Origin: M.E. Choken, fr. O.E. Aceocian ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

choked disk
Synonym for papilledema ... papilloedema ...

choker
A cable loop that is attached to a log during the yarding process. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

chokes
A manifestation of decompression sickness or altitude sickness characterised by dyspnea, coughing, and choking. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chol-
See: chole-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholaemia
<biochemistry> The presence of bile salts in the circulating blood. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

cholaemic
Relating to cholaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholaemic nephrosis
An obsolete term for the occurrence of acute renal failure in jaundiced patients; the kidneys contain tubular casts of bile and may show tubular necrosis, but there is little evidence that jaundice or bile casts directly damage the kidneys. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholagogic
Synonym for cholagogue ... 1. An agent that promotes the flow of bile into the intestine, especially as a result of contraction of the gallbladder. ... 2. Relating to such an agent or effect. ... Synonym: cholagogic. ... Origin: chol-+ G. Agogos, drawing forth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholagogue
1. An agent that promotes the flow of bile into the intestine, especially as a result of contraction of the gallbladder. ... 2. Relating to such an agent or effect. ... Synonym: cholagogic. ... Origin: chol-+ G. Agogos, drawing forth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholagogues and choleretics
Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cholaic acid
Synonym for taurocholic acid ... <chemical> 2-(((3 alpha, 5 beta,7 alpha,12 alpha)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl)amino)ethanesulfonic acid. The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilise fats for absorption and is it …

cholalic acid
Synonym for cholic acid ... A family of steroids comprising the bile acids (or salts), generally in conjugated form (e.g., glycocholic and taurocholic acids). Chemically, cholic acids are cholan-24-oic (cholanic) acids (the terminal C24 of cholane becoming a -COOH group); biologically, cholic acids are derived from cholesterol (a cholestane derivati …

cholane
Parent hydrocarbon of the cholanic acids (cholic acids); androstane with a -CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3 group in the 17 position. 5a-Cholane is sometimes called allocholane. For structures, see steroids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholaneresis
Increase in output of cholic acid or its conjugates. ... Origin: cholane + G. Hairesis, a taking ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholangeitis
Synonym for cholangitis ... <pathology> Inflammation of a bile duct. ... Origin: Gr. Angeion = vessel ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cholangiectasis
Dilation of the bile ducts, usually as a sequel to obstruction. ... Origin: chol-+ G. Angeion, vessel, + ektasis, a stretching ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholangiocarcinoma
<oncology, tumour> A relatively rare malignancy (cancer) which arises from the cells of the bile ducts. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cholangiocarcinomarcinoma
<radiology> M more than F, peak in 50-60 years of age three types, focal (stenotic, most common): Klatsin tumour, polypoid, diffuse (infiltrating) associated with: ulcerative colitis (8%), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), Clonorchis sinensis (liver fluke), enlarged gall bladder (Courvoisier phenomenon) in 1/3 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cholangioenterostomy
<procedure> Surgical anastomosis of bile duct to intestine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholangiofibrosis
Fibrosis of the bile ducts. ... Origin: chol-+ G. Angeion, vessel, + fibrosis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholangiogastrostomy
<procedure> Formation of a communication between a bile duct and the stomach. ... Origin: chol-+ G. Angeion, vessel, + gaster, belly, + stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholangiogram
<investigation, radiology> A radiographic procedure where a contrast dye is injected into the bile duct to visualize its course on X-ray. Used in the detection of gallstones which block the common bile duct. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cholangiography
<investigation> Roentgenography of the biliary ducts after administration or injection of a contrast medium, orally, intravenously or percutaneously. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cholangiole
A ductule occurring between a bile canaliculus and an interlobular bile duct. ... Synonym: canal of Hering. ... Origin: chol-+ G. Angeion, vessel, + -ole, small ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholangiolitic cirrhosis
A form of cirrhosis in which there is diffuse inflammation of the cholangioles, with inflammation, fibrosis, and regeneration; characterised by chronicity, relapses, and febrile episodes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholangiolitic hepatitis
Hepatitis with inflammatory changes around small bile ducts, producing mainly obstructive jaundice; may be due to viral infection or bacterial infection ascending biliary tree because of obstruction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholangiolitis
Inflammation of the small bile radicles or cholangioles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholangioma
<oncology, tumour> A tumour of the bile ducts. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cholangiopancreatography
Radiographic examination of the bile ducts and pancreas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholangioscopy
Visual examination of bile ducts utilizing a fibreoptic endoscope. ... Origin: chol-+ G. Angeion, vessel, + skopeo, to examine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholangiostomy
<procedure> Formation of a fistula into a bile duct. ... Origin: chol-+ G. Angeion, vessel, + stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholangiotomy
<procedure> Incision into a bile duct. ... Origin: chol-+ G. Angeion, vessel, + tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholangitic abscess
A focal area of pus formation in the liver resulting from infection arising in the biliary tract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholangitis
<pathology> Inflammation of a bile duct. ... Origin: Gr. Angeion = vessel ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cholangitis lenta
Low-grade bacterial infection of the biliary tract; sometimes a cause of fever of unknown origin. ... Synonym: ascending cholangitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholangitis, sclerosing
Chronic, nonbacterial inflammatory narrowing of the bile ducts. About 50% of the cases are associated with ulcerative colitis. Treatment is to relieve the obstruction by balloon dilatation or surgery. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cholanic acid
Synonym for cholic acid ... A family of steroids comprising the bile acids (or salts), generally in conjugated form (e.g., glycocholic and taurocholic acids). Chemically, cholic acids are cholan-24-oic (cholanic) acids (the terminal C24 of cholane becoming a -COOH group); biologically, cholic acids are derived from cholesterol (a cholestane derivati …

cholanopoiesis
Synthesis by the liver of cholic acid or its conjugates, or of natural bile salts. ... Origin: chol-+ G. Ano, upward, + poiesis, making ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholanopoietic
Pertaining to or promoting cholanopoiesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholanthrene
A polycyclic, somewhat carcinogenic hydrocarbon, structural parent of the highly carcinogenic 3 (or 20)-methylcholanthrene. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholascos
Rarely used term for escape of bile into the free peritoneal cavity. ... Origin: chol-+ G. Askos, bag ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholate
<biochemistry> In practice, the sodium salt of cholic acid, that has strong detergent properties and can replace membrane lipids to generate soluble complexes of membrane proteins. ... (15 Jan 1998) ...

chole-
Bile. ... Compare: bili-. ... Origin: G. Chole ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecalciferol
<biochemistry> The vitamin produced by the body when exposed to ultraviolet light. It has an important role in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. ... Deficiency is known as rickets which presents with soft (weak) and bendable bones, stunted growth, bow legs, chest deformities and knock-knees. ... (15 Jan 1998) ...

cholecalcin
<protein> See calbindin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cholechromopoiesis
Synthesis of bile pigments by the liver. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Chroma, colour, + poiesis, making ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecyst
Synonym for gallbladder ... <anatomy> A digestive organ which stores bile (produced in the liver), used in the digestion and absorption of fats in the duodenum. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cholecystagogic
Stimulating activity of the gallbladder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystagogue
A substance that stimulates activity of the gallbladder. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + agogos, leader ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystatony
Atonia, weakness, or failure of function of the gallbladder. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + atonia, atony ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystectasia
Rarely used term for dilation of the gallbladder. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + ektasis, extension ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystectomy
<procedure, surgery> A term that describes the surgical removal of the gallbladder. ... This type of surgery may be performed with the traditional open incision or may be removed via a flexible fibreoptic scope (laparoscopic cholecystectomy). ... (15 Jan 1998) ...

cholecystectomy, laparoscopic
Excision of the gallbladder through an abdominal incision using a laparoscope. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cholecystenterostomy
<procedure> Formation of a direct communication between the gallbladder and the intestine. ... Synonym: enterocholecystostomy. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + enteron, intestine, + stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystenterotomy
<procedure> Incision of both intestine and gallbladder. ... Synonym: enterocholecystotomy. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + enteron, intestine, + tome, a cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystic
Relating to the cholecyst, or gallbladder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystis
Synonym: gallbladder. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Kystis, bladder ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystitis
<pathology, surgery> Acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder. ... See: biliary tract. ... (15 Jan 1998) ...

cholecystocolostomy
<procedure> Establishment of a communication between the gallbladder and the colon. ... Synonym: colocholecystostomy, cystocolostomy. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + kolon, colon, + stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystoduodenal fistula
Communication between gallbladder and duodenum secondary to severe cholecystitis with perforation and abscess formation; stones erode through adjacent duodenal wall, and large stones may cause gallstone ileus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystoduodenostomy
<procedure> Establishment of a direct communication between the gallbladder and the duodenum. ... Synonym: duodenocholecystostomy, duodenocystostomy. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + L. Duodenum + G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystogastrostomy
<procedure> Establishment of a communication between the gallbladder and the stomach. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + gaster, stomach, + stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystogram
The radiographic record of the gallbladder obtained by cholecystography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystography
Radiography of the gallbladder after ingestion of a contrast medium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cholecystoileostomy
<procedure> Establishment of a communication between the gallbladder and the ileum. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + ileum + G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystojejunostomy
<procedure> Establishment of a communication between the gallbladder and the jejunum. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + jejunum, + G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystokinase
<enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of cholecystokinin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystokinetic
Promoting emptying of the gallbladder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystokinin
<chemical> A 33-amino acid peptide secreted by the upper intestinal mucosa and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety. ... Chemical name: Cholecystokinin ... (1 …

cholecystolithiasis
Presence of one or more gallstones in the gallbladder. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + lithos, stone ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystolithotripsy
Crushing or fragmentation of a gallstone by manipulation of the unopened gallbladder. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + lithos, stone, + tripsis, a rubbing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystomy
Synonym for cholecystotomy ... <procedure> Incision into the gallbladder. ... Synonym: cholecystomy. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + tome, incision ... Laparoscopic cholecystotomy, minimally invasive surgical technique for removal of the gallbladder that uses a laparoscope for visualization of the gallbladder and placement of instrument …

cholecystopaque
A radiographic contrast medium that opacifies the gallbladder following oral administration, by virtue of hepatic secretion and gallbladder concentration; used in cholecystography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystopathy
Disease of the gallbladder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystopexy
Suture of the gallbladder to the abdominal wall. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + pexis, fixation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystorrhaphy
Suture of an incised or ruptured gallbladder. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + rhaphe, sewing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystosonography
Ultrasonic examination of the gallbladder. ... Origin: cholecysto-+ sonography ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cholecystostomy
<procedure> Establishment of an opening into the gallbladder either for drainage or surgical communication with another part of the digestive tract, usually the duodenum or jejunum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cholecystotomy
<procedure> Incision into the gallbladder. ... Synonym: cholecystomy. ... Origin: chole-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + tome, incision ... Laparoscopic cholecystotomy, minimally invasive surgical technique for removal of the gallbladder that uses a laparoscope for visualization of the gallbladder and placement of instruments into the abdominal cavity th …

choledoch
Synonym: common bile duct. ... Origin: G. Choledochos, containing bile, fr. Chole, bile, + dechomai, to receive ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

choledoch duct
Synonym for common bile duct ... <anatomy> A duct that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum (first part of the small intestine). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

choledochal
Relating to the common bile duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

choledochal cyst
<radiology> Segmental dilatation of common bile duct, F more than > M, 60% under 10 years of age, classic clinical triad in less than 40%, jaundice, RUQ mass, abdominal pain, choledochocele (type 3 cyst): bloops into duodenum, 8% associated with Caroli disease ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

choledochal sphincter
Synonym for sphincter of common bile duct ... Smooth muscle sphincter of the common bile duct immediately proximal to the hepatopancreatic ampulla; it is this sphincter that controls the flow of bile in the duodenum. ... Synonym: musculus sphincter ductus choledochi, Boyden's sphincter, choledochal sphincter, sphincter muscle of common bile duct. ... …

choledochectomy
<procedure> Surgical removal of a portion of the common bile duct. ... Origin: choledoch-+ G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

choledochendysis
Synonym: choledochotomy. ... Origin: choledoch-+ G. Endysis, an entering in ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

choledochiarctia
An obsolete term for stenosis of the gall duct. ... Origin: choledoch-+ L. Artus (improperly arctus), narrow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

choledochitis
Inflammation of the common bile duct. ... Origin: choledoch-+ G. -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

choledocho-
The ductus choledochus (the common bile duct). ... Origin: G. Choledochos, containing bile, fr. Chole, bile, + dechomai, to receive ... (05 Mar 2000) ...