Copy of `mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.


 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


chromosome breakage
A type of chromosomal aberration which may result from spontaneous or induced breakage. Alkylating agents, various types of irradiation, and chemical mutagens have been found to cause induced chromosomal breakage. Breakage can induce base pair translocations, deletions, or chromatid breakage. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosome complement
The whole set of chromosomes for the species. In humans, the chromosome complement (which is also called the karyotype) consists of 46 chromosomes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosome condensation
<cell biology> The tight packing of DNA into chromosomes in metaphase, in preparation for cell division. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chromosome deletion
Actual loss of a portion of the chromosome. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosome disorder
An abnormal condition due to an abnormality of the chromosomes. For example, Down syndrome (the genetic abnormality featuring three chromosome 21s, instead of two, also refered to as trisomy 21) is a chromosome disorder. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosome fragile sites
Heritable sensitive regions of chromosomes which show up in vitro as non-staining bands. They are associated with chromosome breakage and other aberrations, and, when located on sex chromosomes, they produce phenotypic abnormalities. No abnormal phenotype has been definitely identified with autosomal fragile sites, but some rare autosomal recessive …

chromosome map
The chart of the linear array of genes on a chromosome. The Human Genome Project aims to map all of the human chromosomes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosome mapping
The mapping of the relative locations of genes on a chromosome by analysing linkage frequencies (how often different genes are inherited together) and crossover frequencies (how often different combinations of three or more genes are inherited) or recombination frequencies. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chromosome mosaicism
See: mosaic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromosome painting
Application of in situ hybridisation to determine chromosomal location of genes using fluorescently tagged probes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chromosome pair
Two chromosomes of the full diploid karyotype that are similar in form and function but that usually differ in content, one normally being inherited from each parent and one being transmitted to each progeny; in the heteromorphic sex (in humans, the male), one pair, the sex chromosomes, differ markedly in appearance, content, and function. ... (05 M …

chromosome pairing
The process in synapsis whereby homologous chromosome's align opposite each other before disjoining in the formation of the daughter cell; the apposition permits exchange of genetic material in crossing-over. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromosome puffs
Expansions of particular chromosome regions; sites of RNA syntheses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromosome rosette
Right before metaphase, human chromosomes briefly form this single ring structure. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chromosome rosette john jordan
Right before metaphase, human chromosomes briefly form this single ring structure. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chromosome satellite
A small chromosomal segment separated from the main body of the chromosome by a secondary constriction; in humans it is usually associated with the short arm of an acrocentric chromosome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromosome segregation
<cell biology> The orderly separation of one copy of each chromosome into each daughter cell at mitosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chromosome synapsis
<cell biology> The close apposition of homologous chromosomes before cell division or permanently in giant polytene chromosomes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chromosome translocation
<cell biology> The fusion of part of one chromosome onto part of another. Largely sporadic and random, there are some translocations at hot spots that occur often enough to be clinically significant. ... See: Philadelphia translocation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chromosome walking
A procedure to find and sequence a gene whose approximate position in a chromosome is known by classical genetic linkage studies. Starting with the known sequence of a gene shown by classical genetics to be near to the novel gene, new clones are picked from a genomic library by hybridisation with a short probe generated from the appropriate end of …

chromosomes
The self-replicating genetic structures of cells containing the cellular DNA that bears in its proteins. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chromosomes, archaeal
Structures within the nucleus of archaeal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, bacterial
Structures within the nucleus of bacterial cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, fungal
Structures within the nucleus of fungal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human
The structures within the human cell nucleus that contain the hereditary material, DNA. There are 46 chromosomes normally present in the human, including two which determine the sex of individual, xx for the female and xy for the male. Human chromosomes are classified into groups sharing structural similarity in terms of length from the centromere. …

chromosomes, human, 1-3
One of the seven groups of chromosomes containing three pairs conventionally named pairs 1, 2, and 3. The chromosomes in this group, also called group a, are large chromosomes with centromeres approximately in the middle. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, 13-15
The fourth of the seven groups of chromosomes containing three pairs conventionally named pairs 13, 14, and 15. The chromosomes in this group, also called group d, are medium sized with centromeres in the acrocentric position. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, 16-18
The fifth of the seven groups of chromosomes containing three pairs conventionally named pairs 16, 17, and 18. The chromosomes in this group, also called group e, are rather short and submetacentric. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, 19-20
The sixth of the seven groups of chromosomes containing two pairs conventionally named pairs 19 and 20. The chromosomes in this group, also called group f, are short and metacentric. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, 21-22
The seventh of the seven groups of chromosomes containing two pairs conventionally named pairs 21 and 22, and the y chromosome. The chromosomes in this group, also called the g group, are very short and acrocentric. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, 4-5
The second of the seven groups of chromosomes containing two pairs conventionally named pairs 4 and 5. The chromosomes in this group, also called group b, are large with centromeres in the submetacentric position. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, 6-12
The third of the seven groups of chromosomes containing seven pairs conventionally named pairs 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, and the x chromosome. The chromosomes in this group, also called group c, are medium sized with centromeres in the submetacentric position. The x chromosome most resembles 6. This group presents the major difficulty in the iden …

chromosomes, human, pair 1
One of the three pairs in the first group (or group a) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 10
One of the seven pairs in the third group (or group c) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 11
One of the seven pairs in the third group (or group c) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 12
One of the seven pairs in the third group (or group c) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 13
One of three pairs in the fourth group (or group d) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 14
One of three pairs in the fourth group (or group d) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 15
One of the three pairs in the fourth group (or group d) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 16
One of the three pairs in the fifth group (or group e) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 17
One of the three pairs in the fifth group (or group e) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 18
One of the three pairs in the fifth group (or group e) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 19
One of the two pairs in the sixth group (or group f) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 2
One of the three pairs in the first group (or group a) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 20
One of the two pairs in the sixth group (or group f) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 21
One of the two pairs in the seventh group (or group g) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 22
One of the two pairs in the seventh group (or group g) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 3
One of the three pairs in the first group (or group a) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 4
One of the two pairs in the second group (or group b) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 5
One of the two pairs in the second group (or group b) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 6
One of the seven pairs in the third group (or group c) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 7
One of the seven pairs in the third group (or group c) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 8
One of the seven pairs in the third group (or group c) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, human, pair 9
One of the seven pairs in the third group (or group c) of human chromosomes according to the current classification for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomes, yeast artificial
Chromosomes in which fragments of exogenous DNA ranging in length up to several hundred kilobase pairs have been cloned into yeast through ligation to vector sequences. These artificial chromosomes are used extensively in molecular biology for the construction of comprehensive genomic libraries of higher organisms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromotherapy
Treatment of disease by coloured light. ... Synonym: chromophototherapy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromotoxic
Caused by a toxic action on the haemoglobin, as in chromotoxic hyperchromaemia, or resulting from the destruction of haemoglobin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromotrichia
Coloured or pigmented hair. ... Origin: chromo-+ G. Thrix (trich-), hair ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromotrichial
Pertaining to the colouring of hair. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromotrope
Any of several dyes containing chromotropic acid and which have the property of changing from red to blue on afterchroming. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromotrope 2R
A red acid dye, C16H10N2O8S2Na2, used as a counterstain and for staining red blood cells in sections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromotropic acid
4,5-Dihydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid;used as a reagent and in chromotropes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronaxia
Synonym for chronaxie ... A measurement of excitability of nervous or muscular tissue; the shortest duration of an effective electrical stimulus having a strength equal to twice the minimum strength required for excitation. ... Synonym: chronaxia, chronaxis, chronaxy. ... Origin: G. Chronos, time, + axia, value ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronaxie
A measurement of excitability of nervous or muscular tissue; the shortest duration of an effective electrical stimulus having a strength equal to twice the minimum strength required for excitation. ... Synonym: chronaxia, chronaxis, chronaxy. ... Origin: G. Chronos, time, + axia, value ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronaximeter
An instrument for measuring chronaxie. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronaximetry
The measurement of chronaxie. ... Origin: G. Chronos, time, + axia, value, + metrein, to measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronaxis
Synonym for chronaxie ... A measurement of excitability of nervous or muscular tissue; the shortest duration of an effective electrical stimulus having a strength equal to twice the minimum strength required for excitation. ... Synonym: chronaxia, chronaxis, chronaxy. ... Origin: G. Chronos, time, + axia, value ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronaxy
The shortest duration of an effective electrical stimulus to nerve or muscle tissue, having a strength equal to twice the minimum strength required for excitation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chronic
Persisting over a long period of time. ... Origin: L. Chronicus, Gr. Chronos = time ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chronic abscess
A long-standing collection of pus surrounded by fibrous tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic absorptive arthritis
Arthritis accompanied by pronounced resorption of bone with shortening and deformity, especially of the hands; when the deformity is extreme, the condition has also been termed arthritis mutilans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic acholuric jaundice
Synonym for hereditary spherocytosis ... <haematology> A hereditary disorder that leads to a chronic haemolytic anaemia due to an abnormality in the red blood cell membrane. ... This disorder is caused by a defective gene. Red cells are resistant to stress and rupture easily. Infants may appear jaundiced and pale. Fatigue, weakness and shortnes …

chronic active hepatitis
<pathology> This is a form of continuing liver inflammation that results in liver cell death. Causes include viral infection (hepatitis D, hepatitis B, hepatitis C), autoimmune disease, drug ingestion or metabolic causes. Chronic active hepatitis will lead to hepatic failure and death in a small percentage of these patients. ... (27 Sep 1997)< …

chronic active inflammation
The coexistence of chronic inflammation and superimposed acute inflammation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic active liver disease
Synonym for chronic hepatitis ... Any of several types of hepatitis persisting for more than six months, often progressing to cirrhosis. ... Synonym: chronic active liver disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic African sleeping sickness
Synonym for Gambian trypanosomiasis ... A chronic disease of humans caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in northern and sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal east to Sudan and Uganda; characterised by splenomegaly, drowsiness, an uncontrollable urge to sleep, and the development of psychotic changes; basal ganglia and cerebellar involvement commonly le …

chronic alcoholism
A pathologic condition, affecting chiefly the nervous and gastroenteric systems, associated with impairment in social and occupational functioning, caused by the habitual use of alcoholic beverages in toxic amounts. ... See: gamma alcoholism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic allograft rejection
Immunologically mediated damage to the allograft, typically a kidney allograft, manifested by diffuse interstitial fibrosis glomerular changes, typically membranous and sclerotic in nature, as well as intimal fibrosis of the blood vessels with tubular atrophy and loss of tubular structures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic anaphylaxis
Synonym for enteritis anaphylactica ... A haemorrhagic and necrotizing inflammation developing in the ileum (and also the colon) of sensitised dogs when they are fed a second dose of the sensitizing material. ... Synonym: chronic anaphylaxis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic anterior poliomyelitis
Muscular atrophy of the upper extremities and neck, in which there are long intermissions of quiescence or improvement; not to be confused with poliomyelitis virus infections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic appendicitis
Fibrous adhesions, scarring, or deformity of the appendix following subsidence of acute appendicitis; fibrous obliteration of the distal lumen is not abnormal in older persons; term frequently used to refer to repeated mild attacks of acute appendicitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic ataxia
Persistent ataxia, most often caused by hereditary cerebellar or metabolic disorders. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic atrophic polychondritis
Synonym for relapsing polychondritis ... A degenerative disease of cartilage producing a bizarre form of arthritis, with collapse of the ears, the cartilaginous portion of the nose, and the tracheobronchial tree; death may occur from chronic infection or suffocation because of loss of stability in the tracheobronchial tree of autosomal origin. ... Sy …

chronic atrophic thyroiditis
Replacement of the thyroid gland by fibrous tissue, the commonest cause of myxoedema in older persons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic atrophic vulvitis
An inflammation of atrophic vulvar skin, usually with severe pruritus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic bacillary diarrhoea
Prolonged diarrhoea occurring in association with bacterial infection, usually occurring in patients with gastrointestinal stasis, allowing bacterial proliferation in the intestine with secondary malabsorption. Occurs in blind-loop syndrome after intestinal surgery, following vagotomy, and occasionally in scleroderma or diabetes. ... (05 Mar 2000)
chronic bronchitis
A condition of the bronchial tree characterised by cough, hypersecretion of mucus, and expectoration of sputum over a long period of time, associated with frequent bronchial infection; usually due to inhalation, over a prolonged period, of air contaminated by dust or by noxious gases of combustion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic cholecystitis
<radiology> most common form of gallbladder inflammation, gallstones, gallbladder wall thickening, small gallbladder hepatobiliary scan: normal gall bladder visualization in most patients, delayed gall bladder visualization; visualization of bowel before gall bladder (sensitivity 45%, specificity 90%), noncontractility/decreased response afte …

chronic cicatrizing enteritis
Synonym for regional enteritis ... A subacute chronic enteritis, of unknown cause, involving the terminal ileum and less frequently other parts of the gastrointestinal tract; characterised by patchy deep ulcers that may cause fistulas, and narrowing and thickening of the bowel by fibrosis and lymphocytic infiltration, with noncaseating tuberculoid g …

chronic conjunctivitis
A persistent, bilateral, conjunctival hyperaemia with scanty exudation; there is a tendency toward remission and exacerbation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic constrictive pericarditis
Tuberculous or other infection of the pericardium, with thickening of the membrane and constriction of the cardiac chambers. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis
Synonym for anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis ... A form of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis, usually with a prolonged incubation period and confined to urban areas. ... Synonym: chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis, dry cutaneous leishmaniasis, urban cutaneous leishmaniasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic cystic mastitis
Older term corresponding to fibrocystic condition of the breast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic desquamative gingivitis
A clinical term for a gingival condition of unknown aetiology, usually encountered in middle-aged and older women, characterised by erythema, mucosal atrophy, and desquamation, and usually accompanied by a burning sensation and pain; diagnosis is usually made by biopsy and direct immunofluorescence. ... Synonym: gingivosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic discoid lupus erythematosus
Synonym for discoid lupus erythematosus ... A form of lupus erythematosus in which cutaneous lesions are present; these commonly appear on the face and are atrophic plaques with erythema, hyperkeratosis, follicular plugging, and telangiectasia; in some instances systemic lupus erythematosis may develop. ... Synonym: chronic discoid lupus erythematosu …

chronic disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chronic dysentery of cattle
Synonym for Johne's disease ... A disease occurring in cattle and sheep, usually manifested by thickening of the wall of the intestine, particularly of the ileum; caused by infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. ... Synonym: chronic dysentery of cattle, paratuberculosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic eczema
Synonym for lichenoid eczema ... Thickening of skin with accentuated skin lines in eczema. ... Synonym: chronic eczema, eczema hypertrophicum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic eosinophilic pneumonia
<radiology> Idiopathic, associated with allergies and desensitization, variant of Loeffler pneumonia, treatment: corticosteroids Findings: reverse pulmonary oedema pattern (= Loeffler's), areas of consolidation persists (days to weeks) see: eosinophilic lung disease ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chronic familial icterus
Synonym for hereditary spherocytosis ... <haematology> A hereditary disorder that leads to a chronic haemolytic anaemia due to an abnormality in the red blood cell membrane. ... This disorder is caused by a defective gene. Red cells are resistant to stress and rupture easily. Infants may appear jaundiced and pale. Fatigue, weakness and shortnes …