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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

chronic familial jaundice
Synonym for hereditary spherocytosis ... <haematology> A hereditary disorder that leads to a chronic haemolytic anaemia due to an abnormality in the red blood cell membrane. ... This disorder is caused by a defective gene. Red cells are resistant to stress and rupture easily. Infants may appear jaundiced and pale. Fatigue, weakness and shortnes …

chronic familial polyneuritis
Inflammation of nerves related to infiltration by amyloid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic fatigue syndrome
<syndrome> An unusual illness, of uncertain cause, that is characterised by unexplained fatigue, weakness, muscle pain, lymph node swelling and malaise. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chronic fibrosing alveolitis
Synonym for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ... <radiology> Aka: usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), 5-6th decade; M:F = 1:1, clubbing of fingers (83%), lymphocytosis on lavage, increased occurence of bronchogenic CA, average survival of 4-6 years; 87% mortality CXR findings: occasional ground glass pattern in early stage of alveolitis, diffuse …

chronic fibrous thyroiditis
Synonym for Riedel's thyroiditis ... A rare fibrous induration of the thyroid gland, with adhesion to adjacent structures, which may cause tracheal compression. ... Synonym: chronic fibrous thyroiditis, ligneous struma, ligneous thyroiditis, Riedel's disease, Riedel's struma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic follicular conjunctivitis
Indolent inflammation of the conjunctiva, with discrete follicles in fornices that may be infective, toxic, or irritant in nature. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic glaucoma
A disorder which is characterised by increased pressure within the eyeball. This occurs secondary to the chronic blockage of normal fluid circulation within the eye. Increased pressure within the eye can cause damage to the optic nerve and eventual blindness. Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness. ... Symptoms include decreased vision, halos ar …

chronic glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis that presents with persisting proteinuria, chronic renal failure, and hypertension, of insidious onset or as a late sequel of acute glomerulonephritis; the kidneys are symmetrically contracted and granular, with scarring and loss of glomeruli and the presence of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. ... Synonym: chronic nephr …

chronic granulocytic leukaemia
Synonym for chronic myeloid leukaemia ... <haematology> A leukaemia which is initially slowly-progressing. There are approximately 650 new cases each year in the UK. It is characterised by the presence of large numbers of abnormal mature granulocytes, circulating in the blood. ... Synonym: chronic granulocytic leukaemia. ... Acronym: CML ... Orig …

chronic granulomatous disease
<disease> Chronic granulomatous disease is usually fatal in childhood, in which the production of hydrogen peroxide by phagocytes does not occur because of a lesion in an NADP dependent oxidase. ... Catalase negative bacteria are not killed and there is no luminol enhanced chemiluminescence when the cells are tested. The absence of the oxygen …

chronic hepatitis
Any of several types of hepatitis persisting for more than six months, often progressing to cirrhosis. ... Synonym: chronic active liver disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic hypertensive disease
The chronic accumulative effects of long-standing high blood pressure on such vital organs as the heart, kidney, and brain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic hypertrophic vulvitis
Swelling of the vulval tissues due to lymphatic obstruction; in some cases it may be caused by filariasis, with induration or ulceration of the skin. ... Synonym: elephantiasis vulvae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic hyperventilation syndrome
<syndrome> Reduced CO2 content of the blood (hypocapnia) as a result of hyperventilation of prolonged duration; may occur in anxiety states and in some chronic organic, usually cardiovascular, disease; alkalaemia, paresthesia, and tetany may occur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic idiopathic jaundice
Synonym for Dubin-Johnson syndrome ... <syndrome> An inherited disorder (autosomal recessive) that is characterised by long-standing mild jaundice. This occurs secondary to an abnormality in the transport of bilirubin from the liver to the biliary system. This leads to an accumulation of bilirubin in the liver. Avoidance of alcohol and medicat …

chronic idiopathic xanthomatosis
Vague or indefinite term for inherited abnormalities of lipid metabolism leading to xanthoma formation (e.g., primary familial xanthomatosis). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic illness
An illness that has persisted for a long period of time. It is a continuing disease process. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chronic inflammation
An inflammation that may begin with a relatively rapid onset or in a slow, insidious, and even unnoticed manner, tends to persist for several weeks, months, or years and has a vague and indefinite termination; results when the injuring agent (or products resulting from its presence) persists in the lesion, and the host's tissues respond in a manner …

chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy
<neurology, pathology> A disorder that involves the slow progressive (or recurrent) inflammation of multiple nerves. Loss of movement and sensation are common findings. The exact cause is related to an abnormal immune response. ... The acute form of this illness is known as Guillain-Barre syndrome. Treatment often includes systemic corticoster …

chronic interstitial hepatitis
An obsolete term for cirrhosis of the liver. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic interstitial salpingitis
Salpingitis in which fibrosis or mononuclear cell infiltration involves all layers of the fallopian or eustachian tube. ... Synonym: pachysalpingitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic kidney failure
Chronic renal failure represents a slow decline in kidney function over time. Chronic renal failure may be caused by a number of disorders which include long-standing hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, lupus or sickle cell anaemia. If renal function declines to a low enough level (end-stage renal disease) kidney dialysis may be neces …

chronic leukaemia
A persistent cancer of the blood, usually of gradual onset and generally of slow progression. May be diagnosed by chance following a routine blood test and prior to the appearance of clinical symptoms. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

chronic lymphadenoid thyroiditis
Synonym for Hashimoto's thyroiditis ... <endocrinology> Inflammation of the thyroid gland without the formation of pus. Noninfectious nonbacterial thyroid inflammation. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
<haematology> A slowly progressing form of leukaemia, characterised by an increased number of the type of white blood cell known as lymphocytes. With about 3, 500 new cases occurring each year in the UK, it is the most common form of leukaemia and occurs predominantly in late middle age onwards. It has variable symptoms and course, but may be …

chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis
Synonym for Hashimoto's thyroiditis ... <endocrinology> Inflammation of the thyroid gland without the formation of pus. Noninfectious nonbacterial thyroid inflammation. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chronic malaria
Malaria that develops after frequently repeated attacks of one of the acute forms, usually falciparum malaria; it is characterised by profound anaemia, enlargement of the spleen, emaciation, mental depression, sallow complexion, oedema of ankles, feeble digestion, and muscular weakness. ... Synonym: limnaemia, malarial cachexia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic mountain sickness
Loss of high altitude tolerance after prolonged exposure (e.g., by residence), characterised by extreme polycythemia, exaggerated hypoxaemia, and reduced mental and physical capacity; relieved by descent. ... Synonym: altitude erythraemia, chronic soroche, Monge's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic myeloid leukaemia
<haematology> A leukaemia which is initially slowly-progressing. There are approximately 650 new cases each year in the UK. It is characterised by the presence of large numbers of abnormal mature granulocytes, circulating in the blood. ... Synonym: chronic granulocytic leukaemia. ... Acronym: CML ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (12 Jan 1998) …

chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia
<haematology> A form of myelodysplasia characterised by an increase in the number of circulating white blood cells of the monocyte type. ... Acronym: CMML ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

chronic nephritis
Synonym for chronic glomerulonephritis ... Glomerulonephritis that presents with persisting proteinuria, chronic renal failure, and hypertension, of insidious onset or as a late sequel of acute glomerulonephritis; the kidneys are symmetrically contracted and granular, with scarring and loss of glomeruli and the presence of tubular atrophy and inters …

chronic nonleukaemic myelosis
A condition in which there is abnormal proliferation of leukopoietic tissue that results in immature white blood cells in the circulating blood, but the total count is within the normal range. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic pancreatitis
Inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterised by fibrosis and irreversible loss of exocrine function. ... Chronic fibrosing pancreatitis, inflammation of the pancreas consisting of fibrosis, acinar atrophy, and calcification. Clinically, it follows a protracted course with relapses and remissions, and is usually due to alcohol abuse or malnutri …

chronic persistent hepatitis
<pathology> A form of hepatitis usually caused by hepatitis C or B, that consists of mild persistent liver inflammation. ... Often a mild elevation of the liver enzymes will be seen on liver profile or SMAC 25 assay. Liver biopsy indicates persistent hepatitis. ... Incidence: 1 in 1,000. ... (02 Jan 1998) ...

chronic persisting hepatitis
A form of chronic hepatitis that is usually benign, not progressing to cirrhosis, and usually asymptomatic without physical findings but with continuing abnormalities of tests of liver status. ... Synonym: chronic persistent hepatitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic phase
Refers to the early stages of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. The number of immature, abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow and blood is higher than normal, but lower than in the accelerated or blast phase. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chronic pleurisy
Vague or indefinite term for long-standing inflammation of the pleura of any aetiology (e.g., tuberculosis). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic pneumonia
Vague or indefinite term for long-standing inflammation of pulmonary tissue of any aetiology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic progressive chorea
Synonym for Huntington's chorea ... A progressive disorder usually beginning in young to middle age, consisting of a triad of choreoathetosis, dementia, and autosomal dominant inheritance with complete penetrance. Bilateral marked wasting of the putamen and the head of the caudate nucleus is characteristic. ... Synonym: chronic progressive chorea, de …

chronic pyelonephritis
Chronic inflammation of the renal parenchyma and pelvis resulting from bacterial infection, characterised by calyceal deformities and overlying large flat renal scars with patchy distribution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic rejection
A transplant rejection occurring after a few or many months, mainly from persisting serum antibody action. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic renal failure
<nephrology> Chronic renal failure represents a slow decline in kidney function over time. Chronic renal failure may be caused by a number of disorders which include long-standing hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, lupus or sickle cell anaemia. If renal function declines to a low enough level (end-stage renal disease) kidney di …

chronic respiratory disease
A common and serious disease of the respiratory tract of chickens caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma gallinarum; secondary infection with Escherichia coli is common. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic rheumatism
A non-specific disorder of the joints, slow in progress, producing a painful thickening and contraction of the fibrous structures, interfering with motion, and causing deformity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic rhinitis
A protracted sluggish inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane; in the later stages the mucous membrane with its glands may be thickened (hypertrophic rhinitis) or thinned (atrophic rhinitis). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic shock
The state of peripheral circulatory insufficiency developing in elderly patients with a debilitating disease, e.g., carcinoma; a subnormal blood volume makes the patient susceptible to haemorrhagic shock as a result of even a moderate blood loss such as may occur during an operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic soroche
Synonym for chronic mountain sickness ... Loss of high altitude tolerance after prolonged exposure (e.g., by residence), characterised by extreme polycythemia, exaggerated hypoxaemia, and reduced mental and physical capacity; relieved by descent. ... Synonym: altitude erythraemia, chronic soroche, Monge's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic subglottic laryngitis
chorditis vocalis inferior ...

chronic symptomatic HIV infection
This refers to an HIV infection that is characterised by signs and symptoms of HIV that are not life-threatening. ... Examples include oral thrush, gingivitis, seborrheic dermatitis, molluscum contangiosum, fevers, fatigue, lymph node swelling, malaise and weight loss. ... This stage can be a signal for the conversion from asymptomatic HIV disease to …

chronic tamponade
Cardiac compression over long periods due to pathologically increased fluid in the pericardial sac. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic toxicity
<pharmacology> Illness caused by repeated or long-term exposure to low doses of a toxic substance. ... Compare: acute toxicity. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chronic trypanosomiasis
Synonym for Gambian trypanosomiasis ... A chronic disease of humans caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in northern and sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal east to Sudan and Uganda; characterised by splenomegaly, drowsiness, an uncontrollable urge to sleep, and the development of psychotic changes; basal ganglia and cerebellar involvement commonly le …

chronic ulcer
A longstanding ulcer with fibrous scar tissue in the floor of the ulcer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic ulcerative proctitis
Synonym for idiopathic proctitis ... Probably a variant of ulcerative colitis involving the rectum; some cases progress to involve the remainder of the colon as well. ... Synonym: chronic ulcerative proctitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic urticaria
A form of urticaria in which the wheals recur frequently, or persist. ... Synonym: urticaria chronica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronic venous insufficiency
<cardiology> A condition in which the vein do not channel the flow of blood adequately. most often this condition is seen in the veins of the lower extremities. ... Symptoms include leg swelling, leg pain and muscle cramps. This condition can predispose to venous thrombosis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chronic vertigo
Synonym for status vertiginosus ... A condition in which attacks of vertigo occur in rapid succession. ... Synonym: chronic vertigo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronically
Lingering, lasting, opposed to acute. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chronicity
Characterised by long duration. The state of being chronic. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chrono-
Time. ... Origin: G. Chronos ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chrono-oncology
The study of the influence of biological rhythms on neoplastic growth; also used to describe anti-cancer treatment based on the timing of drug administration. ... Origin: G. Chronos, time, + oncology ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronobiology
The study of biological systems as affected by time. Aging, biological rhythms, and cyclic phenomena are included. Statistical, computer-aided mathematical procedures are used to describe, in mathematical terminology, various biological functions over time. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chronognosis
Perception of the passage of time. ... Origin: chrono-+ G. Gnosis, knowledge ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronograph
An instrument for graphic measurement and recording brief periods of time. ... Origin: chrono-+ G. Grapho, to record ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronologic age
The age expressed in years and months; used as a measurement against which to evaluate a child's mental age in computing his Stanford-Binet intelligence quotient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronometry
Measurement of intervals of time. ... Origin: chrono-+ G. Metron, measure ... Mental chronometry, study of the duration of mental and behavorial processes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronopharmacology
A branch of chronobiology concerned with the effects of drugs upon the timing of biological events and rhythms, and the relation of biological timing to the effects of drugs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronophobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of the duration or immensity of time. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronophotograph
A photograph taken as one of a series for the purpose of showing successive phases of a motion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronospecies
<biology> A chronospecies is a species which changes physically, morphologically, genetically, and/or behaviourally over time on an evolutionary scale (experiences a phyletic shift) such that the species from the early point in time and the species it becomes at the later point in time could not be classified as the same species had they exis …

chronotaraxis
Distortion or confusion of the sense of time. ... Origin: chrono-+ G. Taraxis, confusion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chronotherapy
The adaptation of the administration of drugs to circadian rhythms. The concept is based on the response of biological functions to time-related events, such as the low point in epinephrine levels between 10 p.m. And 4 a.m. Or the elevated histamine levels between midnight and 4 a.m. The treatment is aimed at supporting normal rhythms or modifying …

chronotropic
<pharmacology> Affecting the time or rate, as the rate of contraction of the heart. ... Origin: Gr. Tropikos = turning ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chronotropism
Modification of the rate of a periodic movement, e.g., the heartbeat, through some external influence. ... Origin: chrono-+ G. Trope, turn, change ... Negative chronotropism, retardation of movement, especially of the heart rate. ... Positive chronotropism, acceleration of movement, especially of the heart rate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chroococcals
A class of cyanobacteria in which the cells are solitary or colonial. ... Origin: Chroococcus fr. G. Chros, chroos, colour, + coccus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chrys-
Chryso- ... Gold; corresponds to L. Auro-. ... Origin: G. Chrysos ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chrysanthemum-carboxylic acids
Cyclopropane carboxylic acids substituted in one position by two methyl groups, the other by 2-methyl-1-propenyl (chrysanthemum monocarboxylic acid) or by 3-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl (chrysanthemum dicarboxylic acid methyl ester); these acids, esterified with allethrolone or pyrethrolone, are the allethrins and pyrethrins, respectively. ... …

chrysarobin
An extract of Goa powder; a complex mixure of reduction products of chrysophanic acid, emodin, and emodin monomethyl ether; used locally in ringworm, psoriasis, and eczema. ... Origin: G. Chrysos, gold, + Brazil Ind. Araroba, bark ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chrysazine
Synonym for danthron ... 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone;an anthraquinone laxative. ... Synonym: chrysazine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chrysenes
1,2-benzphenanthrenes. Polycyclic hydrocarbons obtained from coal tar. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chrysiasis
A permanent slate-gray discoloration of the skin and sclera resulting from deposition of gold in the connective tissue of the skin and eye together with increased melanin formation after administration of gold. ... Synonym: auriasis, aurochromoderma, chrysoderma. ... Origin: G. Chrysos, gold ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chrysocyanosis
Pigmentation of skin due to reaction to therapeutic use of gold salts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chrysoderma
Synonym: chrysiasis. ... Origin: G. Chrysos, gold, + derma, skin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chrysoidin
2,4-Diaminoazobenzene hydrochloride;a dye (MW 249) made from aniline, used in histology and as an indicator (changing from orange to yellow at pH 4.0 to 7.0); also employed as a substitute for Bismarck brown. Chrysoidin citrate and chrysoidin thiocyanate are used as antiseptics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chrysomyia
A genus of myiasis-producing fleshflies (family Calliphoridae) with medium-sized metallic-coloured adults; includes the Old World screw worm, Chrysomyia bezziana (sometimes called Cochliomyia bezziana), which is a primary invader, comparable to Cochliomyia hominivorax, the New World screw worm fly, whereas Chrysomyia megacephala is an Old World equ …

Chrysophyta
<botany> Division or Class of algae, coloured golden brown due to high levels of the xanthophyll, fucoxanthin. Mostly single celled or colonial. Also call Chrysomonadida by protozoologists. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Chrysops
The deerfly, a genus of biting flies with about 80 North American species, characterised by a splotched wing pattern; Chrysops discalis is a vector of Francisella tularensis in the U.S.; Chrysops dimidiatus and Chrysops silaceus are the principal vectors of Loa loa in west Africa. ... Origin: G. Chrysos, gold, + ops, eye ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chrysosporium
A deuteromycetous fungal genus which causes adiaspiromycosis, a pulmonary mycosis of man and rodents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Chrysosporium parvum
A species of soil fungus. The pathogenic organism that had this name has been changed to Emmonsia parva and does cause adiaspiromycosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chrysotherapy
Treatment of disease by the administration of gold salts. ... Synonym: aurotherapy. ... Origin: G. Chrysos, gold ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chthonophagia
Chthonophagy ... Rarely used terms for geophagia. ... Origin: G. Chthon, earth, + phago, to eat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chunking
The process within short-term memory of combining disparate items of information so that they take up as little as possible of the limited space in short-term memory; e.g., combining into one percept the three individual letters making up the word 'cat'. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Churg
Jacob, U.S. Pathologist, *1910. ... See: Churg-Strauss syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

churg-strauss syndrome
<syndrome> Widespread necrotizing angiitis with granulomas. Pulmonary involvement is frequent. Asthma or other respiratory infection may precede evidence of vasculitis. Eosinophilia and lung involvement differentiate this disease from polyarteritis nodosa. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chutta
Cancer of the roof of the mouth developing in Asians who smoke cigars with the lighted end inside the mouth. A similar association has been reported from South America and Sardinia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chvostek
Franz, Austrian surgeon, 1834-1884. ... See: Chvostek's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chvostek's sign
<clinical sign> In tetany, tapping the muscles of the face causes them to go into spasm. Chvostek's sign is positive in cases of severe hypocalcaemia. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chyl-
See: chylo-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chylaemia
The presence of chyle in the circulating blood. ... Origin: chyl-+ G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chylangioma
A mass of prominent, dilated lacteals and larger intestinal lymphatic vessels. ... Origin: chyl-+ G. Angeion, vessel, + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...