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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

chromenol
6-hydroxychromene (6-chromenol) is the fundamental unit of the tocopherolquinones (oxidised tocopherol) and plastochromenol-8. ... See: chroman, chromanol, chromene. ... Synonym: hydroxychromene. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromesthesia
1. The colour sense. ... 2. A condition in which non-visual stimuli, such as taste or smell, cause the perception of colour. ... Origin: G. Chroma, colour, + aisthesis, sensation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromhidrosis
A rare condition characterised by the excretion of sweat containing pigment. ... Synonym: chromidrosis. ... Origin: chrom-+ G. Hidros, sweat ... Apocrine chromhidrosis, excretion of coloured sweat, usually black, from apocrine glands, due to an abnormal lipochrome content of the secretion, occurring on the face or the axillae in adult Negro males. ... …

chromic acid
H2CrO4 or H2Cr2O7;a strong oxidizing agent formed by dissolving chromium trioxide (CrO3) in water. Has been used in solution as a topical antiseptic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromidia
Plural of chromidium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromidial apparatus
The aggregate of extranuclear network, irregular strands, and masses of basophilic staining material permeating the protoplasm of the cell. ... See: ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromidial net
A reticulum of basophilic-staining material in the cytoplasm of certain cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromidial substance
Synonym for granular endoplasmic reticulum ... Endoplasmic reticulum in which ribosomal granules are applied to the cytoplasmic surface of the cisternae; involved in the synthesis and secretion of protein via membrane-bound vesicles to the extracellular space. ... Synonym: chromidial substance, ergastoplasm, rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. ... ( …

chromidiation
Synonym for chromidiosis ... An outpouring of nuclear substance and chromatin into the cell protoplasm. ... Synonym: chromidiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromidiosis
An outpouring of nuclear substance and chromatin into the cell protoplasm. ... Synonym: chromidiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromidium
A basophilic particle or structure in the cell cytoplasm, rich in RNA, often found in specialised cells. ... Origin: G. Chroma, colour, + -idion, a diminutive termination ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromidrosis
Synonym for chromhidrosis ... A rare condition characterised by the excretion of sweat containing pigment. ... Synonym: chromidrosis. ... Origin: chrom-+ G. Hidros, sweat ... Apocrine chromhidrosis, excretion of coloured sweat, usually black, from apocrine glands, due to an abnormal lipochrome content of the secretion, occurring on the face or the axil …

chromium
<chemical> A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the fourth annual report on carcinogens (ntp85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. ... Chemical name: Chromium ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromium alloys
Specific alloys not less than 85% chromium and nickel or cobalt, with traces of either nickel or cobalt, molybdenum, and other substances. They are used in partial dentures, orthopedic implants, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromium compounds
Inorganic compounds that contain chromium as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromium isotopes
Stable chromium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element chromium, but differ in atomic weight. Cr-50, 53, and 54 are stable chromium isotopes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromium radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes of chromium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cr atoms with atomic weights of 46-49, 51, 55, and 56 are radioactive chromium isotopes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromium(VI) reductase
<enzyme> Nad(p)h-dependent enzyme from pseudomonas ambigua reduces cr(vi) to cr(iii) with at least two reaction steps via cr(v) as an intermediate ... Registry number: EC 1.16.1.- ... Synonym: cr(vi) reductase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

chromo-
See: chrom-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromobacterium
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria occurring in soil and water. Its organisms are generally nonpathogenic, but some species do cause infections of mammals, including humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromobindin
<protein> See annexin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chromoblast
An embryonic cell with the potentiality of developing into a pigment cell. ... Origin: chromo-+ G. Blastos, germ ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromoblastomycosis
Scaly papule or warty growth, caused by five fungi, that spreads as a result of satellite lesions affecting the foot or leg. The extremity may become swollen and, at its distal portion, covered with various nodular, tumourous, verrucous lesions that resemble cauliflower. In rare instances, the disease may begin on the hand or wrist and involve the …

chromocenter
Synonym for karyosome ... <cell biology> The central portion of a cells nucleus that typically contains a glob of heterochromatin. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chromocentre
Condensed heterochromatic region of a chromosome that stains particularly strongly although in the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila the chromocentre is of under replicated heterochromatin and stains lightly. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chromocystoscopy
Synonym: cystochromoscopy. ... Origin: chromo-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + skopeo, to view ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromocyte
Any pigmented cell, such as a red blood corpuscle. ... Origin: chromo-+ G. Kytos, cell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromogen
1. A substance, itself without definite colour, that may be transformed into a pigment; denoting especially benzene and its homologues toluene, xylene, quinone, naphthalene, and anthracene, from which the aniline dyes are manufactured. ... 2. A microorganism that produces pigment. ... Porter-Silber chromogens, yellow phenylhydrazones formed by the re …

chromogenesis
Production of colouring matter or pigment. ... Origin: chromo-+ G. Genesis, production ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromogenic
Producing colour, a chromogenic colony is a pigmented colony. ... Origin: Gr. Gennan = to produce ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chromogenic compounds
Colourless, endogenous or exogenous pigment precursors that may be transformed by biological mechanisms into coloured compounds; used in biochemical assays and in diagnosis as indicators, especially in the form of enzyme substrates. Synonym: chromogens (not to be confused with pigment-synthesizing bacteria also called chromogens). ... (12 Dec 1998)< …

chromogenic label
A molecule which can be used as a label to a biological probe molecule because it forms a coloured compound when the probe molecule is attached to its target. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chromogranins
See: chromaffin tissue and granins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chromoisomerism
Isomerism in which the isomers display different colours. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromolipid
Synonym for lipochrome ... 1. A pigmented lipid, e.g., lutein, carotene. ... 2. A term sometimes used to designate the wear-and-tear pigments, e.g., lipofuscin, haemofuscin, ceroid. More precisely, lipochrome's are yellow pigments that seem to be identical to carotene and xanthophyll and are frequently found in the serum, skin, adrenal cortex, corpus …

chromolysis
Synonym for chromatolysis ... The disintegration of the granules of chromophil substance (Nissl bodies) in a nerve cell body which may occur after exhaustion of the cell or damage to its peripheral process; other changes considered part of chromatolysis include swelling of the perikaryon and shifting of the nucleus from its central position to the p …

chromomere
Granular region of condensed chromatin. Used of chromosomes at leptotene and zygotene stages of meiosis, of the condensed regions at the base of loops on lampbrush chromosomes and of condensed bands in polytene chromosomes of Diptera. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chromometer
Synonym for colourimeter ... A device used to find out the concentration of particles suspended in a solution or a liquid medium by beaming light through it and measuring the amount of light that makes it out the other side. (The process is a part of the study of spectroscopy.) The device can be used to measure turbidity, or the amount of bacterial …

chromomycin a3
<chemical> Glycosidic antibiotic from streptomyces griseus used as a fluorescent stain of DNA and as an antineoplastic agent. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, antineoplastic, fluorescent dyes, nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors. ... Chemical name: Olivomycin D, 3D-O-(4-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-7-meth …

chromomycins
<chemical> A complex of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics from streptomyces griseus. The major component, chromomycin a3, is used as a fluorescent stain of DNA where it attaches and inhibits RNA synthesis. It is also used as an antineoplastic agent, especially for solid tumours. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, antineoplas …

chromomycosis
Synonym: chromoblastomycosis. ... Origin: chromo-+ G. Mykes, fungus, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromonar
<chemical> [(3-(2-(diethylamino)-ethyl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-2h-1-benzopyran-7-yl)oxy]acetic acid ethyl ester. A coronary vasodilator agent. ... Pharmacological action: vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: Acetic acid, ((3-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl)oxy)-, ethyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromonar hydrochloride
[3-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yloxy] acetic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride;used as a coronary vasodilator for treatment of angina pectoris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromone
4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one;fundamental unit of various plant pigments and other substances. ... See: flavone, chromene, chroman. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromonema
The coiled filament in which the genes are located, which extends the entire length of a chromosome and exhibits an intensely positive Feulgen test for DNA. ... Synonym: chromatic fibre. ... Origin: chromo-+ G. Nema, thread ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromonychia
Abnormality in the colour of the nails. ... Origin: chromo-+ G. Onyx (onych-), nail ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromopectic
Synonym for chromatopectic ... Relating to or causing chromatopexis. ... Synonym: chromopectic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromopexis
Synonym for chromatopexis ... The fixation of colour or staining fluid. ... Synonym: chromopexis. ... Origin: chromato-+ G. Pexis, fixation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromophage
A phagocyte that destroys pigment; an obsolete term applied by Metchnikoff to the cells believed by him to be active in the reduction of pigment of the hair. ... Origin: chromo-+ G. Phagein, to eat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromophanes
The coloured oil globules in the retinal cones of some animal species. ... Origin: chromo-+ G. Phaino, to show ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromophil
Chromophile ... Synonym: chromophilic. ... 2. A cell or any histologic element that stains readily. ... Synonym: chromatophil, chromaffin. ... Origin: chromo-+ G. Phileo, to love ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromophil adenoma
<tumour> Any adenoma composed of cells that stain readily. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromophil granule
Any readily stainable granule, a granule of chromophil (Nissl) substance. ... Synonym: chromatic granule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromophil substance
Synonym for Nissl substance ... The material consisting of granular endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes that occurs in nerve cell bodies and dendrites. ... Synonym: basophil substance, basophilic substance, chromophil substance, Nissl bodies, Nissl granules, substantia basophilia, tigroid bodies, tigroid substance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromophilia
The property possessed by most cells of staining readily with appropriate dyes. ... Synonym: chromatophilia. ... Origin: chromo-+ G. Phileo, to love ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromophilic
Staining readily; denoting certain cells and histologic structures. ... Synonym: chromatophil, chromatophilic, chromatophilous, chromophil, chromophile. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromophobe
Resistant to stains, staining with difficulty or not at all; denoting certain degranulated cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. ... Synonym: chromophobic. ... Origin: chromo-+ G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromophobe adenoma
<tumour> A tumour of the adenohypophysis whose cells do not stain with either acid or basic dyes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromophobe granules
Granule's that do not stain or stain poorly with the ordinary dyes; such granule's are present in some cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromophobia
1. Resistance to stains on the part of cells and tissues. ... 2. <psychology> A morbid dislike of colours. ... Synonym: chromatophobia. ... Origin: chromo-+ G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromophobic
Synonym: chromophobe. ... Origin: chromo-+ phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromophobic adenoma
Synonym for chromophobe adenoma ... <tumour> A tumour of the adenohypophysis whose cells do not stain with either acid or basic dyes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromophore
The part of a visibly coloured molecule responsible for light absorption over a range of wavelengths thus giving rise to the colour. By extension the term may be applied to UV or IR absorbing parts of molecules. Do not confuse with chromatophores. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chromophoric
Chromophorous ... 1. Relating to a chromophore. ... 2. Producing or carrying colour; denoting certain microorganisms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromophototherapy
Synonym: chromotherapy. ... Origin: chromo-+ photo-+ G. Therapeia, medical treatment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromoplast
Plant chromatophore filled with red/orange or yellow carotenoid pigment. Responsible for colour of carrot and of many petals. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chromoplastid
A pigmented plastid, containing chlorophyll, formed in certain protozoans. ... Origin: chromo-+ G. Plastos, formed, + -id ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromoprotein
One of a group of conjugated proteins, consisting of a combination of pigment (i.e., a coloured prosthetic group) with a protein; e.g., haemoglobin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromosomal
Pertaining to chromosomes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chromosomal aberration
Any abnormality of a chromosome's number or structure. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chromosomal deletion
A microscopically evident loss of part of a chromosome. ... See: monosomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromosomal gap
A localised area of thinning in a chromatid which may simulate a complete break. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromosomal instability syndromes
A group of mendelian conditions associated with chromosomal instability and breakage in vitro, they often manifest an increased tendency to certain types of malignancies. ... See: Bloom's syndrome, fragile X syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromosomal map
A formal, stylised representation of the karyotype and of the positioning and ordering on it of those loci that have been localised by any of several mapping methods. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromosomal mutation
Can refer to any of a number of DNA mutations which results in a change in the protein encoded by the mutated gene, such as point mutations, insertion or deletion mutations (frameshift mutations), or nonsense mutations. More often this refers to mutations involving chromosomes, such as the inversion of part of one chromosome such that the inverted …

chromosomal proteins, non-histone
Nucleoproteins which in contrast to histones are acid insoluble. They are involved in chromosomal functions; e.g. They bind selectively to DNA, stimulate transcription resulting in tissue-specific RNA synthesis and undergo specific changes in response to various hormones or phytomitogens. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosomal region
That part of a chromosome defined either by anatomical details, notably banding, or by its linkages (linkage group). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromosomal RNA
RNA associated with the chromosome (not mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA) that may have a role in transcription. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromosomal syndrome
<syndrome> General designation for syndrome's due to chromosomal aberrations; typically associated with mental retardation and multiple congenital anomalies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromosomal trait
A trait dependent on a recurrent chromosomal aberration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromosome
<cell biology> The self-replicating genetic structures of cells containing the cellular DNA that bears in its nucleotide sequence the linear array of genes. ... The DNA of eukaryotes is subdivided into chromosomes, that consist of a number of chromosomes whose DNA is associated with various proteins. The chromosomes become more tightly packed …

chromosome 10
10q deletion occurs de novo and shows various malformations, high wide forehead with normocephaly, wide and bulbous tip of the nose, microretrognathia and severe mental retardation. This monosomy is rather rare and is reportedly associated with total colonic aganglionosis with small bowel involvement (TCSA), a variant of Hirschsprung disease. ... Th …

chromosome 11
11p13 monosomy usually occurs de novo and is called the WAGR syndrome. The most constant anomaly is bilateral Aniridia with other ocular anomalies. It is also associated with mental and growth retardation, ambiguous genitalia, nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) or gonadoblastoma. Familial Aniridia is described with cryptic inversion involving breakpoint …

chromosome 12
Deletion of the proximal short arm of chromosome 12 is rare and occurs de novo. Microcephaly, narrow forehead, pointed nose and micrognathia are present. Mental and growth retardation are significant but inner organ malformations are generally not present. 12p trisomy nearly always results from a familial translocation. The phenotype includes turri …

chromosome 13
Trisomy 13 or Patau syndrome is characterised by urogenital, cardiac, craniofacial, central nervous system and growth abnormalities. Defects include mental retardation, bilateral harelip and cleft palate, uni- or bilateral hexadactyly, growth retardation, polycystic kidney, ocular abnormalities, congenital heart disease and holoprosencephaly. Over …

chromosome 14
Trisomy 14 occurs de novo and is due to mosaicism. The distinct phenotype includes postnatal growth retardation, psychomotor retardation, prominent forehead, broad nose, dysmorphic ears, cleft or high arched palate, wide mouth, micrognathia, congenital heart disease, a short neck, asymmetry, abnormal skin pigmentation and hypertelorism. ... Proximal …

chromosome 15
Mosaic trisomy 15 is reported with no major or visible dysmorphia and severe inner organ defect. Duplication in the 15q11-13 region is also reported, although rarely, and can be associated with Prader-Willi syndrome. The phenotype includes developmental delay, particularly concerning acquisition of speech, ataxic gait with similarities to Angelman …

chromosome 16
Trisomy 16, the most common autosomal aneuploidy encountered in spontaneous abortuses, is rarely diagnosed in ongoing pregnancies and is considered lethal. However, cases of trisomy 16 mosaicism ascertained either by amniocentesis or in liveborn infants are reported. The liveborns exhibit a distinct and recognizable phenotype of highly variable sev …

Chromosome 17
Chromosome 17 imbalances are not compatible with life. The phenotype of 17q2 trisomy, which is caused by a malsegregation of a parental translocation, includes microcephaly with high forehead, frontal bossing, high hairline with widow's peak, short thick neck, squinty eyes, large mouth with downturned corners, brachyrhizomelia, hexadactyly and seve …

chromosome 18
Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18), the second most common autosomal trisomy with an occurrence rate of 1 in 8,000 live births, is associated with a distinct pattern of dysmorphogenesis and congenital abnormalities which results in early death. Marked growth deficiency is a major trait of the phenotype. Other striking clinical features of this syndrome …

chromosome 19
The phenotype of 19q trisomy, which is caused by malsegregation from familial translocation, includes microcephaly with brachycephaly, flat face, widely gaping cranial sutures, hypertelorism and palpebral ptosis, fishlike mouth, short neck, small pudgy hands and feet, growth retardation, slight to very severe mental retardation. Duplication of 19p1 …

chromosome 20
The phenotype of trisomy 20p, which results from a parental translocation, includes mild to moderate developmental delay, round face with telecanthus, flat nasal bridge and short palpebral fissures but major pre- and postnatal growth development malformations are rare. The phenotype of interstitial 20p deletion is consistent with Alagille syndrome, …

chromosome 21
Down syndrome is the most common chromosome disorder seen in live births and is a leading cause of mental retardation. The frequency of the syndrome is estimated at 1 per 700 births and the risk increases exponentially with maternal age. Some of the manifestations are mental retardation, flat facies, oblique palpebral fissures, epicanthic folds, sh …

chromosome 8
Trisomy 8 mosaicism, one of the major cytogenetic syndromes, is characterised by a very suggestive facial dysmorphism, as well as osteoarticular anomalies. ... Craniofacial dysmorphism includes long face, lop-ear deformities, prominent forehead and overhang of lower lip. Osteoarticular anomalies include camptodactyly, brachydactyly or arachnodactyly …

chromosome 9
Trisomy 9 can be homogenous or mosaic. Microcephaly with dolichocephaly, enophthalmy and microretrognathia are present. Characteristic osteoarticular anomalies include dislocation of the hips, knees or elbows, deformities of the spinal cord and rib anomalies. Inner organ malformations involve cardiac, cerebral, renal and occasionally digestive anom …

chromosome aberration
Any deviation from the normal number or morphology of chromosomes; also the phenotypic consequences thereof. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromosome aberrations
Deviations from the normal number or structure of chromosomes, not necessarily associated with disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosome abnormalities
Defects in the structure or number of chromosomes resulting in structural aberrations or manifesting as disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chromosome band
A region of darker or contrasting staining across the width of a chromosome; the pattern of band's is characteristic for most chromosomes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chromosome banding
Staining of bands, or chromosome segments, allowing the precise identification of individual chromosomes or parts of chromosomes. Applications include the determination of chromosome rearrangements in malformation syndromes and cancer, the chemistry of chromosome segments, chromosome changes during evolution, and, in conjunction with cell hybridiza …