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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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chloasma bronzinumA bronze-coloured pigmentation, probably produced by hormone imbalance, occurring in gradually increasing areas on the face, neck, and chest in persons exposed continuously to the tropical sun; similar to chloasma of the temperate zone, but intensified because of strong sunlight. ... Synonym: tropical mask. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlophedianol hydrochloride2-Chloro-alpha-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)benzhydrol hydrochloride;an antitussive agent related chemically to the antihistamines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlor-Chloro- ... 1. Combining form denoting green. ... 2. Combining form denoting association with chlorine. ... Origin: G. Chloros, green ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloracetic acidSynonym for chloroacetic acid ... An acetic acid in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine. According to the number of atoms so displaced the acid is called monochloroacetic (chloroacetic; ClCH2COOH), dichloroacetic (Cl2CHCOOH), or trichloroacetic (Cl3CCOOH). ... Synonym: chloracetic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloracneAn occupational acne-like eruption due to prolonged contact with certain chlorinated compounds (naphthalenes and diphenyls); keratinous plugs (comedones) form in the pilosebaceous orifices, and variously sized small papules (2 to 4 mm) develop. ... Synonym: chlorine acne, tar acne. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloraemiaSynonym: chlorosis. ... Synonym: hyperchloraemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloragosome<cell biology> Cytoplasmic granule of unknown function found in the coelomocytes of annelids. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (05 Jan 1998) ...
chloralCCl3-CHO; trichloroacetaldehyde;a thin oily liquid with a pungent odour, formed by the action of chlorine gas on alcohol. ... Synonym: anhydrous chloral. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloral alcoholateA complex of chloral and ethanol. Prepared by refluxing trichloroacetaldehyde (chloral) or chloral hydrate with alcohol. Alleged to be an active constituent of a 'Mickey Finn.' ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloral betaineThe adduct formed by chloral hydrate and betaine; it is slowly hydrolyzed in the alimentary tract to chloral hydrate; used as a hypnotic and sedative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloral hydrate<chemical> A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of insomnia. The safety margin is too narrow for chloral hydrate to be used as a general anaesthetic in humans, but it is commonly used for that purpose in animal experiments. It is no longer considered useful as an anti-anxiety medication. ... Pharmacological action: sedatives, nonbarbi …
chloralismHabitual use of chloral compounds as an intoxicant, or the symptoms caused thereby. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloralose<chemical> A derivative of chloral hydrate that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anaesthetic in animal experiments. ... Pharmacological action: sedatives, nonbarbiturate, anaesthetics, intravenous. ... Chemical name: alpha-D-Glucofuranose, 1,2-O-(2,2,2-trichloroe …
chlorambucil<drug, oncology> Chlorambucil is a bifunctional alkylating agent of the nitrogen mustard type that has been found active against selected human neoplastic diseases. ... Side effects: Low blood counts (suppressed bone marrow function) and chance of leukaemia and infertility, convulsions. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...
chloramine BSodium N-chlorobenzenesulfonamide;a nontoxic antiseptic substance used in wound irrigation as a substitute for chloramine B T. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloramine TSodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide;a nontoxic but strong antiseptic used in the irrigation of wounds and infected cavities. ... Synonym: chlorazene. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloraminopheneSynonym for chlorambucil ... <drug, oncology> Chlorambucil is a bifunctional alkylating agent of the nitrogen mustard type that has been found active against selected human neoplastic diseases. ... Side effects: Low blood counts (suppressed bone marrow function) and chance of leukaemia and infertility, convulsions. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...
chloramipheneSynonym for clomiphene citrate ... <drug, gynaecology> A fertility drug that stimulates ovulation through the release of gonadotrophins from the pituitary gland. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
chloramphenicol<drug> A broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis in prokaryotes and in mitochondria and chloroplasts by acting on the 50S ribosomal subunit. ... It was first isolated from the fungus like bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae but is now produced synthetically. It is relatively toxic but finds wide application in medicin …
chloramphenicol acetyltransferase<enzyme> A bacterial enzyme that inactivates the antibiotic chloramphenicol by acetylation. Widely used as a reporter gene for examining the control of eucaryotic gene expression. ... Acronym: CAT ... (08 Mar 2000) ...
chloramphenicol amidase<enzyme> Mouse liver microsomal enzyme which cleaves dichloro-acetyl group from chloramphenicol ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- ... Synonym: chloramphenicol hydrolase. ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
chloramphenicol o-acetyltransferase<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. The enzyme, for which varian …
chloramphenicol palmitate<chemical> Same action and use as chloramphenicol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloramphenicol resistance<microbiology, pharmacology> Nonsusceptibility of a bacterium to the action of chloramphenicol, a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in the 50s ribosomal subunit where amino acids are added to nascent bacterial polypeptides. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
chloramphenicol sodium succinate<chemical> Chloramphenicol-alpha-(sodium succinate);the water-soluble sodium succinate derivative of chloramphenicol, suitable for parenteral administration; antibacterial activity, uses, and side effects are similar to those of the parent compound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloranil<chemical> A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage. ... Pharmacological action: fungicides, industrial. ... Chemical name: 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
chlorate<chemical> A salt of chloric acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorates<chemistry> Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the clo3- ion. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
chlorazanil<drug> A diuretic. ... Chemical name: 2-Amino-4-(p-chloroanilino)-s-triazine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorazeneSynonym for chloramine T ... Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide;a nontoxic but strong antiseptic used in the irrigation of wounds and infected cavities. ... Synonym: chlorazene. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorazol black E<chemical> An acid dye, used as a fat and general tissue stain, and to stain protozoa in faecal smears or in tissues. ... Structure: C34H25N9O7S2Na2 ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorbenzoxamine1-[2-(o-chloro-alpha-phenylbenzyloxy)phenylbenzyloxy)ethyl]-4-o-methylbenzylpiperazine;an anticholinergic agent. ... Synonym: chlorbenzoxyethamine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorbenzoxyethamineSynonym for chlorbenzoxamine ... 1-[2-(o-chloro-alpha-phenylbenzyloxy)phenylbenzyloxy)ethyl]-4-o-methylbenzylpiperazine;an anticholinergic agent. ... Synonym: chlorbenzoxyethamine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorbetamide2,2-Dichloro-N-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acetamide;an amoebicide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorbutolSynonym for chlorobutanol ... <chemical> A colourless to white crystalline compound with a camphoraceous odour and taste. It is a widely used preservative in various pharmaceutical solutions, especially injectables. Also, it is an active ingredient in certain oral sedatives and topical anaesthetics. ... Pharmacological action: preservatives, ph …
chlorcyclizine hydrochloride1-(p-Chlorobenzhydryl)-4-methylpiperazine hydrochloride;an antihistaminic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlordan<chemical> A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The epa has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. ... Pharmacological action: insecticide, organochlorine. ... Chemical name …
chlordane<chemical> A toxic, viscous, colourless chlorinated organic chemical that is used asan insecticide and as a fumigant. ... The EPA has restricted use of this chemical except for subsurface termite control and on non-food plants. Symptoms of poisoning include convulsions and depression. Chronic exposure can cause liver damage and possibly cancer …
chlordantoin5-(1-Ethylpentyl)-3-(trichloromethylthio)hydantoin;a topical antifungal agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlordecone<chemical> A highly chlorinated polycyclic hydrocarbon insecticide whose large number of chlorine atoms makes it resistant to degradation. It has been shown to be toxic to mammals and causes abnormal cellular changes in laboratory animals. ... Pharmacological action: insecticide, organochlorine. ... Chemical name: 1,3,4-Metheno-2H-cyclobuta(cd) …
chlordecone reductase<enzyme> Reduces chlordecone to the corresponding 2-alcohol; requires NADPH; induced by its substrate; in liver of gerbils and man ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... Synonym: kepone reductase, decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2h-cyclobuta(cd)pentalen-2-one ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
chlordiazepoxide<drug> This prescription drug has sedative, hypnotic, antianxiety, and muscle relaxant properties, and is mainly used to treat tension and anxiety. It may cause drug dependence, and withdrawal symptoms are similar to those seen with barbiturates. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
chlordiazepoxide hydrochlorideThe hydrochloride of 7-chloro-2-methylamino-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine-4-oxide; an antianxiety agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorellaNonmotile unicellular green algae potentially valuable as a source of high-grade protein and b-complex vitamins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
chlorenchymaForm of parenchyma tissue active in photosynthesis, in which the cells contain many chloroplasts, found especially in leaf mesophyll. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
chlorethene homopolymerSynonym for polyvinyl chloride ... <chemical> Chloroethene homopolymer. A polyvinyl resin used extensively in the manufacture of plastics, including medical devices, tubing, and other packaging. It is also used as a rubber substitute. Residues are present in human body tissues. ... Chemical name: Ethene, chloro-, homopolymer ... (12 Dec 1998) …
chlorfenvinphos<chemical> An organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and an acaricide. ... Pharmacological action: cholinesterase inhibitor, insecticide, organophosphate. ... Chemical name: Phosphoric acid, 2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethenyl diethyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
chlorguanide hydrochlorideSynonym for chloroguanide hydrochloride ... 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-5-isopropylbiguanide monohydrochloride;an antimalarial drug. ... Synonym: chlorguanide hydrochloride, proguanil hydrochloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorhexidine<chemical> Disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque. ... Pharmacological action: anti-infective agents, local, disinfectants, mouthwashes. ... Chemical name: 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
chlorhexidine hydrochloride1,1'-Hexamethylenebis-[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide]dihydrochloride;a topical antiseptic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorhydriaSynonym for hyperchlorhydria ... Presence of an excessive amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. ... Synonym: chlorhydria, hyperhydrochloria. ... Origin: hyper-+ chlorhydric (acid) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloric acidAn acid of pentavalent chlorine, HClO3, existing only in solution and as chlorates. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorideA compound containing chlorine, at a valence of -1, as in the salts of hydrochloric acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloride channelIon channels selective for chloride ions. Various types including ligand activated Cl channels at synapses (the GABA and glycine activated channels), as well as voltage gated Cl channels found in a variety of plant and animal cells. ... See: CFTR, MDR. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
chloride channelsCell membrane glycoproteins selective for chloride ions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
chloride currentFlow of chloride ions through chloride selective ion channels. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
chloride depletionSynonym for salt depletion ... Excessive loss of sodium chloride from the body in urine, sweat, etc.; a cause of secondary dehydration. ... Synonym: chloride depletion. ... Water depletion, reduction in the total volume of body water; dehydration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloride peroxidase<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the chlorination of a range of organic molecules, forming stable carbon-chloride bonds. ... Chemical name: Chloride:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.11.1.10 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
chloride shiftWhen CO2 enters the blood from the tissues, it passes into the red blood cell and is converted by carbonate dehydratase to bicarbonate (HCO3-); HCO3- ion passes out into the plasma while Cl- migrates into the red blood cell. Reverse changes occur in the lungs when CO2 is eliminated from the blood. ... Synonym: Hamburger's phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000 …
chloridesInorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the cl- ion. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
chloridimetryThe process of determining the amount of chlorides in the blood or urine, or in other fluids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloridometerAn apparatus for determining the amount of chlorides in blood or urine, or other fluids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloriduriaSynonym for chloruresis ... The excretion of chloride in the urine. ... Synonym: chloriduria, chloruria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorin2,3-Dihydroporphin(e); 2,3-dihydroporphyrin;one of the root structures of the chlorophylls (for structure, see porphyrin). Addition of the two-carbon bridge (see structure of chlorophyll) to chlorin yields phorbin(e); addition of side chains yields the phorbides, distinguished by a number of arbitrary prefixes (those found in the chlorophylls are p …
chlorinatedHaving been treated with chlorine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorinated hydrocarbonA molecules which is almost entirely carbon and hydrogen, but has had at least one chlorine atom introduced to it that has replaced one of the hydrogen atoms. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
chlorinated limeA mixture of varying proportions of complexes of chlorine with calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide. Contains 24-37% available chlorine. Decomposes in moist conditions to liberate chlorine. Strong irritant due to chlorine vapors. Used for disinfecting drinking water, sewage etc.; in the bleaching of wood pulp, linen, cotton, straw, oils, soaps, and …
chlorinated paraffinA solvent for dichloramine-T. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorinationA highly effective procedure for treating drinking water by using chlorine gas or other chlorine containing compounds as disinfectants. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
chlorindanol7-Chloro-4-indanol;a spermicide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorine<chemical> Chlorine. A greenish-yellow, diatomic gas that is a member of the halogen family of elements. It has the atomic symbol cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 70.906. It is a powerful irritant that can cause fatal pulmonary oedema. Chlorine is used in manufacturing, as a reagent in synthetic chemistry, for water purification, and i …
chlorine acneSynonym for chloracne ... An occupational acne-like eruption due to prolonged contact with certain chlorinated compounds (naphthalenes and diphenyls); keratinous plugs (comedones) form in the pilosebaceous orifices, and variously sized small papules (2 to 4 mm) develop. ... Synonym: chlorine acne, tar acne. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorine compoundsInorganic compounds that contain chlorine as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
chlorine groupThe halogens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorine waterA water that contains the chlorides of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in varying amounts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloriodisedContaining both chlorine and iodine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloriodised oilChlorinated and iodised peanut oil formed by the chemical addition of iodine monochloride; formerly used for radiography of sinus and bronchi. ... Synonym: iodochlorol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloriodoquinSynonym for iodochlorhydroxyquin ... Iodochlorohydroxyquinoline ... 5-Chloro-7-iodo-8-quinolinol; 5-chloro-8-hydroxy-7-iodoquinoline;used topically as a local anti-infective and in a wide range of dermatoses, intravaginally in Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis, and internally for the treatment of mild or asymptomatic intestinal amoebiasis. ... Synonym: …
chlorisondamine<chemical> A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications. ... Pharmacological action: antihypertensive agents, ganglionic blockers, nicotinic antagonists. ... Chemical name: 1H-Isoindoliu …
chlorisondamine chloride4,5,6,7-Tetrachloro-2-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-2-methylisoin dolinium chloride;a quaternary ammonium compound with ganglionic blocking action similar to, but more potent than, hexamethonium and pentolinium; used in the management of severe hypertension, including the malignant phase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloriteA salt of chlorous acid; the radical ClO2-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlormadinone acetate<chemical> An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive. ... Pharmacological action: contraceptives, oral, synthetic, progestational hormones, synthetic. ... Chemical name: Pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione, 17-(acetyloxy)-6-chloro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
chlormequat<chemical> Chemical name: Ethanaminium, 2-chloro-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
chlormerodrin<chemical> A mercurial compound that has been used as a diuretic but is now superseded by more potent and less toxic drugs. The radiolabelled form has been used as a diagnostic and research tool. ... Pharmacological action: diuretics, mercurial. ... Chemical name: Mercury, (3-((aminocarbonyl)amino)-2-methoxypropyl-C1,O3)chloro- ... (12 Dec 1998) …
chlormethiazole<chemical> A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate gaba receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors. ... Pharmacological action: anti …
chlormezanone<chemical> A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm. ... Pharmacological action: anti-anxiety agents, muscle relaxants, central. ... Chemical name: 4H-1,3-Thiazin-4-one, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)tetrahydro-3-methyl-, 1,1-dioxide ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
chloro-See: chlor-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloroacetate esterase<enzyme> Consider also naphthol as d esterase which uses 3-hydroxy-4'-nitro-2-naphthanilide chloroacetate as a substrate ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
chloroacetic acidAn acetic acid in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine. According to the number of atoms so displaced the acid is called monochloroacetic (chloroacetic; ClCH2COOH), dichloroacetic (Cl2CHCOOH), or trichloroacetic (Cl3CCOOH). ... Synonym: chloracetic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloroacetophenoneC6H5COCH2Cl;a lacrimatory gas; used in training and in riot control. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chloroambucilSynonym for chlorambucil ... <drug, oncology> Chlorambucil is a bifunctional alkylating agent of the nitrogen mustard type that has been found active against selected human neoplastic diseases. ... Side effects: Low blood counts (suppressed bone marrow function) and chance of leukaemia and infertility, convulsions. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...
chloroanaemiaSynonym for chlorosis ... Yellowing or bleaching of plant tissues due to the loss of chlorophyll or failure of chlorophyll synthesis. Symptomatic of many plant diseases, also of deficiencies of light or certain nutrients. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
chloroazodinA,a'-Azo-bis(chloroformamidine);a bactericidal agent used as a surgical antiseptic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorobenzene dehydrogenase<enzyme> Converts product of chlorobenzene dioxygenase to chlorocatechol ... Registry number: EC 1.3.- ... Synonym: chlorobenzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
chlorobenzene dioxygenase<enzyme> With chlorobenzene dioxygenase catalyses chlorobenzenes to chlorocatechols ... Registry number: EC 1.13.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
chlorobenzoatesBenzoic acid or benzoic acid esters substituted with one or more chlorine atoms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
chlorobutanol<chemical> A colourless to white crystalline compound with a camphoraceous odour and taste. It is a widely used preservative in various pharmaceutical solutions, especially injectables. Also, it is an active ingredient in certain oral sedatives and topical anaesthetics. ... Pharmacological action: preservatives, pharmaceutical, sedatives, nonb …
chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase<enzyme> Forms 2,4-dichloromuconate ... Registry number: EC 1.13.11.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
chlorocresolP-Chloro-m-cresol;used as an antiseptic and disinfectant; it is more active in acid than in alkaline solutions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
chlorocruorinA greenish haemoglobin-like pigment found in certain worms; contains a porphyrin differing from protoporphyrin by a formyl group in place of the 2-vinyl group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
