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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


cleavage site
Synonym for restriction site ... A sequence in DNA that can be recognised and cut by a specific restriction enzyme. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cleavage spindle
The spindle formed during the cleavage of a zygote or its blastomeres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleavage stage, ovum
The embryo in its earliest stage, lasting from the first mitotic division of the fertilised ovum into two blastomeres to the formation of the morula, a compact mass of blastomeres. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cleaved cell
A cell with single or multiple clefts in the nuclear membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleaver
A heavy knife for cutting or chopping. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cleemann, Richard Alsop
<person> U.S. Physician, 1840-1912. ... See: Cleemann's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cleemann's sign
<clinical sign> In fracture of the femur with overriding of the fragments, wrinkling of the skin occurs directly above the patella. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleft
A fissure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleft hand
A congenital deformity in which the division between the fingers, especially between the third and fourth, extends into the metacarpal region. ... See: lobster-claw deformity. ... Synonym: main fourchee, split hand. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleft lip
<embryology, paediatrics> A genetic disorder that results in the failure of fusion in the upper lip. Also seen commonly in association with cleft palate. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

cleft nose
A nose with a furrow where the bridge is normally present; due to failure of complete convergence of the paired primordia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleft palate
<embryology, paediatrics> A congenital fissure in the roof of the mouth forming a communication between the nasal passages and the oral cavity. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

cleft spine
See: spina bifida. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleft tongue
Synonym for bifid tongue ... A structural defect of the tongue in which the extremity is divided longitudinally for a greater or lesser distance. ... See: diglossia. ... Synonym: cleft tongue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleft uvula
The uvula, the little V-shaped fleshy mass hanging from the back of the soft palate, is cleft. Cleft uvula is a common minor anomaly occurring in about 1% of whites and 10% of Native Americans. Persons with a cleft uvula should not have their adenoids removed because, without the adenoids, they cannot achieve proper closure between the soft palate …

cleidagra
Rarely used term for a sudden severe pain in the clavicle, resembling gout. ... Origin: cleid-+ G. Agra, seizure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleidal
Relating to the clavicle. ... Synonym: clidal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleido-
The clavicle; also spelled clido-, clid-. ... Origin: G. Kleis, bar, bolt ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleidocostal
Relating to the clavicle and a rib. ... Synonym: clidocostal. ... Origin: cleido-+ L. Costa, rib ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleidocranial
Relating to the clavicle and the cranium. ... Synonym: clidocranial. ... Origin: G. Kleis, clavicle, + kranion, cranium ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleidocranial dysostosis
<paediatrics> An inherited disorder of bone development transmitted with an autosomal dominant pattern. ... Characteristics include absent or incompletely formed collar bones, dental abnormalities, joint laxity and a characteristic facial appearance (heavy brow, protruding jaw, wide nasal bridge and malaligned teeth). ... Inheritance: autosomal …

cleidocranial dysplasia
<paediatrics> An inherited disorder of bone development transmitted with an autosomal dominant pattern. ... Characteristics include absent or incompletely formed collar bones, dental abnormalities, joint laxity and a characteristic facial appearance (heavy brow, protruding jaw, wide nasal bridge and malaligned teeth). ... Inheritance: autosomal …

cleistogamous
<botany> Of flowers: self-pollinating and setting fertile seed but never opening. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

cleistogamy
<botany> The condition of having flowers which never open and self-pollination occurs, and the flowers are often small and inconspicuous. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

cleistothecium
In fungi, an ascocarp that is closed, with randomly dispersed asci. ... Origin: G. Kleistos, enclosed, + theke, box ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cleland nomenclature
A nomenclature for representing the binding mechanisms of enzyme-catalyzed reactions; in this nomenclature, substrates are represented by the letters A, B, C, etc., while products are represented by P, Q, R, etc., enzyme by E, and modified forms of the enzyme by F, G, etc.; in addition, the number of substrates or products is represented by uni, bi …

Cleland's reagent
Synonym for dithiothreitol ... <chemical> A reagent commonly used in biochemical studies as a protective agent to prevent the oxidation of sh (thiol) groups and for reducing disulphides to dithiols. ... Pharmacological action: sulfhydryl reagents, expectorants. ... Chemical name: 2,3-Butanediol, 1,4-dimercapto-, (R*,R*)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clemastine
<chemical> Histamine h1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness. ... Pharmacological action: anti-allergic agents, antipruritics, histamine h1 antagonists. ... Chemical name: Pyrrolidine, 2-(2-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethoxy)ethyl)-1-methyl-, (R-(R*,R*))-
clemizole
1-Chlorobenzyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinylmethyl)benzimidazole;an antihistaminic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clenbuterol
<chemical> A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic beta-agonists, bronchodilator agents, sympathomimetic. ... Chemical name: Benzenemethanol, 4-amino-3,5-dichloro-alpha-(((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)methyl)- ... (12 …

clenched fist sign
<clinical sign> In angina pectoris, pressing of the clenched fist against the chest to indicate the constricting, pressing quality of the pain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleoid
A dental instrument with a pointed elliptical cutting end, used in excavating cavities or carving fillings and waxes. ... Origin: A. S. Cle, claw + G. Eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleptoparasite
A parasite that develops on the prey of the parasite's host. ... Origin: G. Klepto, to steal, + parasite ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cleret
M., 20th century French physician. ... See: Launois-Cleret syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clerical spectacles
Synonym for half-glass spectacles ... Spectacles, used for reading, in which the upper portion of the lenses are removed. ... Synonym: clerical spectacles, pantoscopic spectacles, pulpit spectacles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clevenger
Shobal V., U.S. Neurologist, 1843-1920. ... See: Clevenger's fissure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clevenger's fissure
Synonym for inferior temporal sulcus ... The sulcus on the basal aspect of the temporal lobe that separates the fusiform gyrus from the inferior temporal gyrus on its lateral side. ... Synonym: sulcus temporalis inferior, Clevenger's fissure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

click
A slight sharp sound. ... Ejection click, a clicking ejection sound. ... See: sound. ... Mitral click, the opening snap of the mitral valve. ... Systolic click, a sharp, clicking sound heard during cardiac systole; when heard in early systole it is usually an ejection sound; in late systole the click usually signifies mitral insufficiency, as in the dy …

click syndrome
<syndrome> A syndrome, particularly of the atrioventricular valves, in which systole causes a sudden tensing of a scallop of a valve or an entire cusp producing the auscultatory click. ... Synonym: valvular prolapse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

click-murmur syndrome
<syndrome> Mitral valve prolapse (also known as Barlow's syndrome ), the most common heart valve abnormality, affecting 5-10% of the world population. Most patients have no symptoms and require no treatment, but some have fatigue and/or palpitations. The mitral valve prolapse can often be detected by a doctor during examination of the heart a …

clicking
A snapping, crepitant noise noted on excursions of the temporomandibular articulation, due to an asynchronous movement of the disk and condyle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clicking rale
Short, sticking sound usually associated with opening of small bronchi on deep breathing, sometimes heard in early pulmonary tuberculosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clicking tinnitus
An objective clicking sound in the ear in cases of chronic catarrhal otitis media; it may be audible to the bystander as well as to the patient and is supposed to be due to an opening and closing of the mouth of the eustachian tube, or to a rhythmical spasm of the velum palati. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clid-
See: clido-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clidal
Synonym for cleidal ... Relating to the clavicle. ... Synonym: clidal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clidinium bromide
3-Hydroxy-1-methylquinuclidinium bromide benzilate;an anticholinergic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clido-
Clid- ... The clavicle. ... See: cleido-. ... Origin: G. Kleis, bar, bolt ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clidocostal
Synonym for cleidocostal ... Relating to the clavicle and a rib. ... Synonym: clidocostal. ... Origin: cleido-+ L. Costa, rib ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clidocranial
Synonym for cleidocranial ... Relating to the clavicle and the cranium. ... Synonym: clidocranial. ... Origin: G. Kleis, clavicle, + kranion, cranium ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clidoic
Cleidoic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

client-centreed therapy
A system of nondirective psychotherapy based on the assumption that the client (patient) both has the internal resources to improve and is in the best position to resolve his or her own personality dysfunction, provided that the therapist can establish a permissive, accepting, and genuine atmosphere in which the client feels free to discuss problem …

climacophobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of stairs or of climbing. ... Origin: G. Klimax, ladder, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

climacteric
<plant biology> A particular stage of fruit ripening, characterised by a surge of respiratory activity and usually coinciding with full ripeness and flavour in the fruit. Its appearance is hastened by ethylene at low concentrations. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

climacteric psychosis
An obsolete term for involutional psychosis associated with the climacteric. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

climacteric syndrome
Synonym for menopausal syndrome ... <syndrome> Recurring symptoms experienced by some women during the climacteric period; they include hot flashes, chills, headache, irritability, and depression. ... Synonym: climacteric syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

climacterium
Synonym for climacteric ... <plant biology> A particular stage of fruit ripening, characterised by a surge of respiratory activity and usually coinciding with full ripeness and flavour in the fruit. Its appearance is hastened by ethylene at low concentrations. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

climatic
Of or relating to the climate (the general weather of an area). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

climatic bubo
Synonym for venereal lymphogranuloma ... A venereal infection usually caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, and characterised by a transient genital ulcer and inguinal adenopathy in the male; in the female, perirectal lymph nodes are involved and rectal stricture is a common occurrence. ... Synonym: climatic bubo, Favre-Durand-Nicholas disease, lymphogran …

climatic keratopathy
A bilateral, symmetrical corneal dystrophy caused by prolonged exposure to extremes of heat or cold; nodular opacities are limited to the interpalpebral area and vision is only mildly affected. ... Synonym: Labrador keratopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

climatology
The study of climate and its relation to disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

climatotherapy
Treatment of disease by removal of the patient to a region having a climate more favourable for recovery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

climax
1. The height or acme of a disease; its stage of greatest severity. ... Synonym: orgasm. ... Origin: G. Klimax, staircase ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

climbing fibres
Nerve fibre's in the cerebellar cortex that synapse upon smooth branchlets of Purkinje cell dendrites. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

climograph
A diagram showing the effect of climate on health. ... Origin: G. Klima, climate, + grapho, to record ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clindamycin
<drug> An antibiotic that may be an alternative treatment for PCP and toxoplasmosis. The most common side effect is diarrhoea. ... Overgrowth of an intestinal bacterium called Clostridium difficile is responsible for the diarrhoea during clindamycin therapy. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

cline
A systematic relation between location and the frequencies of alleles; lines connecting points of equal frequency are termed isoclines, and the direction of the cline at any point is at right angles to an isocline. ... Origin: G. Klino, to slope ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clinic
1. An institution, building, or part of a building where ambulatory patients are cared for. ... 2. An institution, building, or part of a building in which medical instruction is given to students by means of demonstrations in the presence of the sick. ... 3. A lecture or symposium on a subject relating to disease. ... Origin: G. Kline, bed ... (05 Mar …

clinical
1. Pertaining to a clinic or to the bedside. ... 2. Pertaining to or founded on actual observation and treatment of patients, as distinguished from theoretical or basis sciences. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

clinical anatomy
<procedure> The practical application of anatomical knowledge to diagnosis and treatment. ... Synonym: applied anatomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clinical burden
A burden that differs from genetic burden mainly in the added component of morbidity; a trait that is neither a clinical or a genetic lethal may be grossly disabling. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clinical chemistry
The chemistry of human health and disease, chemistry in connection with the management of patients, as in a hospital laboratory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clinical chemistry tests
Laboratory tests demonstrating the presence of physiologically significant substances in the blood, urine, tissue, and body fluids with application to the diagnosis or therapy of disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clinical clerkship
Undergraduate medical education programs for second- , third- , and fourth-year students in which the students receive clinical training and experience in teaching hospitals or affiliated health centres. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clinical competence
The capability to perform acceptably those duties directly related to patient care. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clinical conference
A conference of physicians on their observations of a patient at the bedside, regarding the physical state, laboratory and other diagnostic findings, clinical manifestations, results of current therapy, etc. A clinical conference usually ends with a confirmation or correction of clinical findings by a pathological diagnosis performed by a pathologi …

clinical cooperative group
A group of medical institutions cooperating to perform clinical research. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

clinical crown
That part of the crown of a tooth visible in the oral cavity. ... Synonym: corona clinica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clinical cytogenetics
The application of chromosome studies to clinical medicine. For example, clinical cytogenetic testing is done to see if a child with possible Down syndrome has an extra chromosome 21, as is most often the case. Clinical Cytogenetics is a specialty certified by the American Board Of Medical Genetics. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clinical depression
<psychiatry> A clinical syndrome that includes a persistent sad mood or loss of interest in activities that persists for at least 2 weeks in the absence of external precipitants. ... This should not be confused with a grief reaction (death of loved one). Features may include change in eating habits, insomnia, early morning wakening, lack of in …

clinical diagnosis
A diagnosis made from a study of the signs and symptoms of a disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clinical disease
A disease with clinical signs and symptoms that are recognizable. As distinct from a subclinical illness without clinical manifestations. Diabetes, for example, can be subclinical in someone before emerging as a clinical disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clinical epidemiology
The field concerned with applying epidemiological principles in a clinical setting.Whereas classical epidemiology studies populations in an attempt to assess causes and distribution of disease and to formulate statistical measures of risk, clinical epidemiology focuses on medically defined populations (patients). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clinical eruption
Development of the crown of a tooth that can be observed clinically. ... Continuous eruption, the eruption of a tooth into the mouth and its continuous movement in a vertical direction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clinical fitness
Absence of frank disease or of subclinical precursors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clinical genetics
Genetics applied to the diagnosis, prognosis, management, and prevention of genetic diseases. ... Compare: medical genetics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clinical investigator
<specialist> A medically qualified scientist who works with patients in clinical investigations and Clinical Trials. most clinical investigators in the field of cancer medicine are trained in a branch of Oncology. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

clinical lethal
A disorder that culminates in premature death. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clinical medicine
The study and practice of medicine by direct examination of the patient. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clinical nurse specialist
<specialist> A registered nurse with an advanced degree in a particular area of patient care; e.g., neurosurgery clinical nurse specialist. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clinical nursing research
Research carried out by nurses in the clinical setting and designed to provide information that will help improve patient care. Other professional staff may also participate in the research. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clinical pathology
Any part of the medical practice of pathology as it pertains to the care of patients, the subspecialty in pathology concerned with the theoretical and technical aspects (i.e., the methods or procedures) of chemistry, immunohematology, microbiology, parasitology, immunology, haematology, and other fields as they pertain to the diagnosis of disease a …

clinical presentation
This refers to the typical physical signs or symptoms that are associated with a particular disease process. The proper interpretation of the clinical presentation often leads to a specific diagnosis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

clinical protocols
Precise and detailed plans for the study of a medical or biomedical problem and/or plans for a regimen of therapy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clinical psychology
A branch of psychology that specialises in both discovering new knowledge and in applying the art and science of psychology to persons with emotional or behavioural disorders; subspecialties include clinical child psychology and paediatric psychology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clinical recording
Synonym for charting ... Making a record in tabular or graph form of the progress of a patient's condition. ... Synonym: clinical recording. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clinical research trials
Evaluating the safety and effectiveness of medications or medical devices by monitoring their effects on large groups of people. Clinical medical trials sponsored by the U. S. Government are listed on a web site of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The NIH Clinical Centre intends to make details of current clinical research studies for vario …

clinical root
That portion of a tooth embedded in the investing structures; the portion of a tooth not visible in the oral cavity. ... Synonym: radix clinica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clinical sensitivity
Test positivity in disease; ability of a test to correctly identify disease. ... See: diagnostic sensitivity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clinical spectrometry
Synonym for biospectrometry ... Spectroscopic determination of the types and amounts of various substances in living tissue or fluid from a living body. ... Synonym: clinical spectrometry. ... Origin: bio-+ L. Spectrum, an image, + G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clinical spectroscopy
Synonym for biospectroscopy ... Spectroscopic examination of specimens of living tissue, including fluids removed therefrom. ... Synonym: clinical spectroscopy. ... Origin: bio-+ L. Spectrum, image, + G. Skopeo, to examine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...