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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


class II antigens
A cell membrane glycoprotein encoded by genes of the major histocompatibility complex. These antigens are distributed on antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages, B-cells, and dendritic cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

class II malocclusion
<dentistry> A Malocclusion where your upper teeth stick out past your lower teeth. This is also called an overbite or buck teeth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

class III
All other perennial streams not meeting higher class criteria. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

class III antigens
Non-cell membrane molecules that are encoded by the S region of the major histocompatibility complex. These antigens are not involved in determining histocompatibility and include the complement proteins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

class III malocclusion
<dentistry> A Malocclusion where your lower teeth stick out past your upper teeth. This is also called an underbite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

class iv
All other intermittent streams not meeting higher class criteria. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

class switch
Change in the isotype of antibody produced after a B-cell has encountered an antigen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

classic
Of first class of rank, standard. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

classic cervical rib syndrome
Synonym for true neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome ... <syndrome> Very chronic axon loss brachial plexopathy, caused by compromise of the lower trunk fibres by a congenital band extending from a rudimentary cervical rib to the first thoracic rib; rare disorder, found mostly in young to middle-aged women, that presents with unilateral hand wa …

classic migraine
A form of hemicrania migraine preceded by a scintillating scotoma (teichopsia). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

classical article
The current presentation of a previously printed seminal article marking a milestone in the history of medicine or science. It is usually accompanied by introductory remarks heralding its reprinting, often on the anniversary of its original publication or on an anniversary of the author's birth or death. It is usually reprinted in full, with comple …

classical cesarean section
A cesarean section in which the uterus is entered through a vertical fundal incision. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

classical conditioning
<psychology> Learning that takes place when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

classical confinement
<radiobiology> Plasma confinement in which particle and energy transport occurs via classical diffusion, best possible case for magnetically confined plasmas. ... See: classical diffusion. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

classical diffusion
<radiobiology> In plasma physics, diffusion due solely to scattering (collisions) of charged particles (with unlike charges) via electrical (Coulomb) interactions. (See also diffusion.) ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

classical epidemiology
<epidemiology> Our term for the varieties of epidemiology primarily concerned with the statistical relationships between disease agents, both infectious and non-infectious; for example a study to establish the relative risk of lung cancer associated with smoking. ... We contrast this with ecological epidemiology. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

classical genetics
That body of method and analysis that perceives genetics as the study of the transmission of genotype from parent to offspring; the study of multiple individuals is essential to it. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

classical haemophilia
See: haemophilia A. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

classifiable character
A character that allows individuals to be sorted into distinct but not quantitative classes, e.g., blood types. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

classification
<zoology> The systematic arrangement of similar entities on the basis of certain differing characteristics and the basis of their relationships. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

clastic
Breaking up into pieces, or exhibiting a tendency so to break or divide. ... Origin: G. Klastos, broken ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clastic anatomy
<procedure> The construction or study of models in layers which can be removed one after the other to show the structure of the organism and/or organ. ... Synonym: plastic anatomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clastogen
<pharmacology> A clastogen is any substance which causes chromosomal breaks. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

clastogenesis
<molecular biology> Any process resulting in the breakage of chromosomes or the loss or rearrangement of pieces of chromosomes. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

clastogenic
<cell biology, pharmacology> This adjective describes any substance or process which causes breaks in chromosomes. ... Origin: Gr. Gennan = to produce ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

clastothrix
Synonym: trichorrhexis nodosa. ... Origin: G. Klastos, broken, + thrix, hair ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clathrate
<chemistry> A type of solid in which water molecules form cages that trap a gas, formed by very slowly warming a mixture of the gas and tiny grains of ice. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

clathrate crystal
Lattice-like arrangement of molecules of one substance surrounding molecules of another substance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clathrin
<cell biology> Protein composed of 3 heavy chains (180 kD) and 3 light chains (34 and 36 kD), that forms the basketwork of triskelions around a coated vesicle. There are two genes for light chains, each of which can generate two distinct transcripts by tissue specific alternative splicing. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

clathrin adaptor proteins
<cell biology> Family of proteins that bind to clathrin and promote its assembly into vesicle coats. Different adaptor proteins are associated with coated vesicles of Golgi or plasma membrane origin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Clauberg
Karl W., German bacteriologist, *1893. ... See: Clauberg test, Clauberg unit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clauberg test
A test for progestational activity; immature rabbits are treated with 8 daily injections of oestrogen and then given 5 daily injections of the test substance; the amount required to produce definite progestational changes in the endometrium is taken as the unit; it is equivalent to 0.75 mg of progesterone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Claude
Henri, French psychiatrist, 1869-1945. ... See: Claude's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Claude's syndrome
<syndrome> Midbrain syndrome with oculomotor palsy on the side of the lesion and incoordination on the opposite side. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

claudication
Origin: L. Claudicatio = limping or lameness. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

claudicatory
Relating to claudication, especially intermittent claudication. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Claudius
Friedrich M., German anatomist, 1822-1869. ... See: Claudius' cells, Claudius' fossa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Claudius' cells
Columnar cell's on the floor of the ductus cochlearis external to the organ of Corti. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Claudius' fossa
Synonym for ovarian fossa ... A depression in the parietal peritoneum of the pelvis; it is bounded in front by the obliterated umbilical artery, and behind by the ureter and the uterine vessels; it lodges the ovary. ... Synonym: fossa ovarica, Claudius' fossa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clausen
Synonym for Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome ... <syndrome> An osteochondrodysplasia that clinically resembles Morquio's syndrome, but without excretion of mucopolysaccharides; characterised by mental retardation, short stature, progressive sternal bulging, flattening of vertebral bodies and iliac crests, shortening of metacarpals, and changes …

claustra
Plural of claustrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

claustral
Relating to the claustrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

claustral layer
The layer of subcortical gray matter between the external capsule and the white matter of the insula or extreme capsule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

claustrophobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of confined or closed-in places. ... Origin: Gr. Phobos = fear ... (16 Mar 1998) ...

claustrophobic
<psychology> An unexplained fear of tight or closed in spaces. ... Origin: Gr. Phobos = fear ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

claustrum
1. One of several anatomical structures bearing a resemblance to a barrier. ... 2. A thin, vertically placed lamina of gray matter lying close to the putamen, from which it is separated by the external capsule. Claustrum consists of two parts: 1) an insular part and 2) a temporal part between putamen and the temporal lobe. Cells of the claustrum hav …

claustrum oris
An obsolete term for soft palate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

claustrum virginale
An obsolete term for hymen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clausura
Synonym: atresia. ... Origin: L. A lock, bolt, fr. Claudo, to close ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clava
Synonym: tubercle of gracile nucleus. ... Origin: L. A club ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

claval
Relating to the clava. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clavaminate synthase
<enzyme> From streptomyces clavuligerus; convers proclavaminic acid to clavaminic acid in a reaction requiring fe(2+), alpha-ketoglutarate, and oxygen ... Registry number: EC 1.14.11.- ... Synonym: clavaminic acid synthase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

clavata
<plant biology> Club-shaped, having the form of a club, growing gradually thicker toward the top, as certain parts of a plant. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

clavate
Club-shaped. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

clavate papillae
fungiform papillae ...

clavi
Plural of clavus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

claviceps
A genus of ascomycetous fungi, family clavicipitaceae, order clavicipitales, parasitic on various grasses; the sclerotia contain several toxic alkaloids. Claviceps purpurea on rye causes ergotism. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clavicle
<anatomy> Also called the collar bone, it articulates with the shoulder on one end (at the acromion process of the scapula) and the sternum (breast bone) on the other. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

clavicle strap
<orthopaedics> Also called a figure of 8 strap. This orthopaedic device is worn something like a back pack an allows improved healing of a fractured clavicle (improves the alignment of the fractured ends). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

clavicula
Synonym: clavicle. ... Origin: L. Clavicula, a small key, fr. Clavis, key ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clavicular
Relating to the clavicle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clavicular facet
Synonym for clavicular notch of sternum ... A hollow on either side of the upper surface of the manubrium sterni which articulates with the clavicle. ... Synonym: incisura clavicularis, clavicular facet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clavicular notch of sternum
A hollow on either side of the upper surface of the manubrium sterni which articulates with the clavicle. ... Synonym: incisura clavicularis, clavicular facet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clavicular percussion
Percussion, usually direct, along the entire clavicle to demonstrate dullness, particularly in apical pulmonary tuberculosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

claviculus
One of the perforating collagen fibres of bone. ... Origin: Mod. L. Dim. Of L. Clavus, a nail ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clavipectoral fascia
A fascia that extends between the coracoid process, the clavicle, and the thoracic wall. It includes the muscular fascia which envelops the subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles and the strong membrane (costocoracoid membrane) formed in the interval between them, and the suspensory ligament of the axilla. The clavipectoral fascia (and the muscles …

clavulanic acid
<chemical> Clavulanic acid (c8h9o5n) and its salts and esters. The acid is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes from streptomyces clavuligerus. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbi …

clavulanic acids
<chemical> Acids, salts, and derivatives of clavulanic acid (c8h9o5n). They consist of those beta-lactam compounds that differ from penicillin in having the sulfur of the thiazolidine ring replaced by an oxygen. They have limited antibacterial action, but block bacterial beta-lactamase irreversibly, so that similar antibiotics are not broken …

clavus
1. A small conical callosity caused by pressure over a bony prominence, usually on a toe. ... Synonym: corn, heloma. ... 2. Obsolete term for a condition resulting from healing of a granuloma of the foot in yaws, in which a core falls out, leaving an erosion. ... Origin: L. A nail, wart, corn ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clavus hystericus
Severe head pain, sharply defined, and typically described as feeling like a nail being driven into the head; usually regarded as a conversion symptom. ... Origin: L. Clavus, nail ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

claw
<plant biology> A narrow, stalk-like basal portion of a petal, sepal or bract. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

clawfoot
A condition of the foot characterised by hyperextension at the metatarsophalangeal joint and flexion at the interphalangeal joints, as a fixed contracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clawhand
Atrophy of the interosseous muscles of the hand with hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joints and flexion of the interphalangeal joints. ... Synonym: main en griffe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clay
<ecology> Particles in siliciclastic sediment that are smaller than 0.0039 millimetres in size, according to the Udden-Wentworth scale. Clay and silt are collectively classified as mud. ... A collective term for a large group of minerals that are found in great abundance in extremely fine-grained sediments or sedimentary rocks (i.e. Shales).
clay pigeon poisoning
Synonym for pitch poisoning ... A highly fatal disease of swine, usually caused by the ingestion of fragments of the clay pigeons used as targets by shooting clubs; some cases have been caused by consumption of other bituminous substances, such as road tar and tar paper. ... Synonym: clay pigeon poisoning. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clay shoveler's fracture
<radiology> Avulsion fracture of spinous process of C7 or T1, sudden load on a flexed spine, may occur secondary to rotational injury see: cervical spine fractures ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Claybrook, Edwin
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1871-1931. ... See: Claybrook's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Claybrook's sign
<clinical sign> In rupture of abdominal viscus, transmission of breath and heart sounds through the abdominal wall. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clean room
<cell culture> A room in which contamination is limited to a specific maximum level to facilitate the manufacture of sterile and high purity products, to protect personnel, equipment, and products from microbial contamination and to prevent the escape of hazardous particles into the environment. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

cleaning
In dentistry, a procedure whereby accretions are removed from the teeth or from a dental prosthesis. ... See: dental prophylaxis. ... Ultrasonic cleaning, in dentistry, the use of a high-frequency vibrating point to remove deposits from tooth structure; also the process of cleaning dentures by placing them in a special liquid in a container that gene …

cleaning-in-place
<procedure> Cleaning and sterilising a bioreactor system without dismantling it. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

cleansing cream
A form of cold cream used to remove grime and cosmetics from the skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clear cell
A cell in which the cytoplasm appears empty with the light microscope, as occurs in certain secretory cells of eccrine sweat glands and in the parathyroid glands when the glycogen is unstained, any cell, particularly a neoplastic one, containing abundant glycogen or other material that is not stained by haematoxylin or eosin, so that the cell cytop …

clear cell acanthoma
A sharply demarcated benign epidermal lesion of a leg or arm with acanthosis and accumulation of glycogen in keratinocytes having pale staining cytoplasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clear cell adenocarcinoma
<tumour> A histologic type of renal adenocarcinoma. ... A histologic type of adenocarcinoma occurring chiefly in the male and female genitourinary tracts which is characterised by distinctive hobnail cell growth of neoplastic cells in sheets, papillae, and coalescing glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clear cell carcinoma of kidney
Synonym for renal adenocarcinoma ... <radiology> Hypernephroma, renal cell carcinoma, arises from proximal collecting tubule, 10% bilateral adenocarcinoma types: papillary, alveolar, onchocytoma vascularity, 85% hypervascular (require pre-op embolization), 10% hypovascular (usually papillary type), 5% avascular associated with: tuberous sclero …

clear cell hidradenoma
<tumour> A tumour derived from eccrine sweat glands, composed of glycogen-rich clear cells. ... Synonym: eccrine acrospiroma, nodular hidradenoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clear layer of epidermis
Synonym for stratum lucidum ... A layer of lightly staining corneocytes in the deepest level of the stratum corneum; found primarily in the thick epidermis of the palmar and plantar skin. ... Synonym: clear layer of epidermis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clear liquid diet
A diet, often used postoperatively, consisting usually of water, tea, coffee, gelatin preparations, and clear soups or broth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clearance
1. The process of clearing. ... 2. <physiology> The rate at which a substance is removed from the blood. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

clearcut
The removal, in a single cutting, of the entire stand of trees within a designated area. Stand regeneration is accomplished by planting the site or by natural seeding from adjacent stands. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

clearer
An agent, used in histological preparations, which is miscible in both the dehydrating or fixing fluid and the embedding substance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clearing factors
Lipoprotein lipases that appear in plasma during lipaemia and catalyze hydrolysis of triglycerides only when the latter are bound to protein and when an acceptor (e.g., serum albumin) is present, thus 'clearing' the plasma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clearing medium
A medium used in histology for making specimens translucent or transparent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleavage
<cell biology> The early divisions of the fertilized egg to form blastomeres. The cleavage pattern is radial in some phyla, spiral in others. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cleavage cavity
Synonym for blastocele ... The cavity in the blastula of a developing embryo. ... Synonym: blastocoele, cleavage cavity, segmentation cavity. ... Origin: blasto-+ G. Koilos, hollow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleavage cell
Synonym for blastomere ... One of the cells produced as the result of cell division, cleavage, in the fertilized egg. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cleavage division
The rapid mitotic division of the zygote with decrease in size of individual cells or blastomeres and the formation of a morula. ... See: cleavage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleavage lines
Lines which can be extrapolated by connecting linear openings made when a round pin is driven into the skin of a cadaver, resulting from the principal axis of orientation of the subcutaneous connective tissue (collagen) fibres of the dermis; they vary in direction with the region of the body surface. ... Synonym: Langer's lines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cleavage product
A substance resulting from the splitting of a molecule into two or more simpler molecules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...