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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

cold thyroid nodule
<radiology> Adenoma (75%), colloid cyst (10%), carcinoma (15%), mnemonic: CATCH PALLM ... colloid cyst, adenoma, thyroiditis, carcinoma, haematoma, parathyroid adenoma, abscess, lymph node, lymphoma, metastasis ... thyroid carcinoma, hot thyroid nodule ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cold ulcer
A small gangrenous ulcer on the extremities; due to defective circulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold urticaria
Wheal formation that develops after exposure to lowered temperatures, with or without demonstrable passive-transfer antibodies. ... Synonym: congelation urticaria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold virus
Synonym for common cold virus ... Any of the numerous strains of virus aetiologically associated with the common cold, chiefly the rhinoviruses, but also strains of adenovirus, Coxsackievirus, ECHO virus, and parainfluenza virus. ... Synonym: cold virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold-blooded animal
Synonym for poikilotherm ... <biology, zoology> An organism, such as a fish or reptile, that is cold-blooded, i.e., one whose internal body temperature varies with that of the environment. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cold-reactive antibody
See: cold agglutinin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold-rigor point
The degree of lowered temperature at which the activity of a cell ceases and the cell passes into the narcotic or hibernating state. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold-sensitive mutant
A mutant that is defective at low temperature but functional at normal temperature. ... Compare: temperature-sensitive mutant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold, common
A viral upper respiratory tract infection. A contagious illness caused by a number of different types of viruses. Because of the great number of viruses that can cause a cold, the body never builds up resistance (immune) against all of them. For this reason, colds are a frequent and recurring problem. In fact, preschool children average 9 colds a y …

Cole-Cecil murmur
The diastolic murmur of aortic insufficiency when well or predominantly heard in the left axilla. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cole, Laurent
<person> French pathologist, *1903. ... See: Benedict-Hopkins-Cole reagent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cole, Rufus
<person> U.S. Physician, *1872. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cole, Warren Henry
<person> Surgeon, *1898. ... Co-developer with E. A. Graham of cholecystography, first described in 1924. ... See: Graham-Cole test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colectasia
Distention of the colon. ... Origin: G. Kolon, colon, + ektasis, a stretching ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colectomy
<procedure, surgery> The surgical removal of the colon or part of the colon (partial colectomy, hemi-colectomy). This procedure is indicated in refractory diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, intestinal obstruction and colon cancer. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

coleo-
Sheath, specifically, the vagina. ... Origin: G. Koleos, sheath ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coleocele
Synonym: colpocele. ... Origin: G. Koleos, sheath, + kele, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coleoptera
The largest order of insects, comprising the beetles and weevils. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coleoptericin
<protein> Inducible antibacterial peptide found in the haemolymph of a tenebrionid beetle following the injection of heat killed bacteria. ... Peptide A (glycine rich, 74 residues) is active against gram-negative bacteria, Peptides B AMP, C are isoforms of a 43 residue cysteine rich peptide that has sequence homology with defensins and is acti …

coleoptile
<plant biology> Closed hollow cylinder or sheath of leaf like tissue surrounding and protecting the plumule (shoot axis and young leaves) in grass seedlings. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coleoptosis
Synonym for coloptosis ... <surgery> Downward displacement, or prolapse, of the colon, especially of the transverse portion. ... Synonym: coleoptosis. ... Origin: colo-+ G. Ptosis, a falling ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coleorhiza
<plant biology> Closed hollow cylinder or sheath of leaf like tissue surrounding and protecting the radicle (young root) in grass seedlings. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coleotomy
Synonym: pericardiotomy. ... Synonym: vaginotomy. ... Origin: G. Koleos, sheath, + tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colestipol
<chemical> Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteraemic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels. ... Pharmacological action: anion exchange resins, antilipaemic agents. ... Chemical name: Colestipol ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

colet
<abbreviation> L. Coletur, let it be strained. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coli granuloma
Synonym for Hjarre's disease ... <veterinary> A granulomatous disease of the intestines and liver of chickens, due to coliform organisms. ... Synonym: coli granuloma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colibacillosis
<gastroenterology, microbiology> Diarrhoeal disease caused by the bacterium Escherichia coli. Often called enteric colibacillosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colibacillus
Synonym for Escherichia coli ... <bacteria> The archetypal bacterium for biochemists, used very extensively in experimental work. A rod shaped gram-negative bacillus (0.5 x 3-5 m) abundant in the large intestine (colon) of mammals. ... Abbreviation: E. Coli ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

colic
1. <symptom> Gradual onset of pain that increases in a crescendo fashion until it reaches a peak of severity and then slowly subsides. ... 2. <paediatrics> A syndrome in early infancy characterised by episodic loud crying, apparent abdominal pain (legs drawn up and rigid abdomen) and irritability. This common condition occurs in about 1 …

colic arteries
<anatomy> Arteries supplying the colon. ... See: left colic artery, middle colic artery, right colic artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colic impression
<anatomy> A hollow on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver anteriorly, corresponding to the situation of the right flexure and beginning of the transverse colon. ... Synonym: impressio colica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colic intussusception
The ensheathing of one portion of the colon into another. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colic lymph nodes
Synonym for nodi lymphatici colici ... colic lymph nodes ...

colic sphincter
One of the physiological sphincter's of the colon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colic surface of spleen
The surface of the spleen in contact with the colon. ... Synonym: facies colica splenis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colic teniae
teniae coli ...

colic veins
See: right colic vein, middle colic vein, left colic vein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colica
A colic artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colicin
<pharmacology> A group of antibiotics naturally produced by the bacteria Escherichia coli which kills other bacteria by a variety of methods (depending on the type), such as blocking protein synthesis and degrading DNA. ... Colicins are encoded by a group of naturally occurring E. Coli plasmids, like Col E1. ... Colicins E2 and E3 are AB toxins …

colicin factors
Plasmids determining the potentiality of a bacterium to produce colicins. They are cytoplasmic elements whose integration into the bacterial chromosome has not been demonstrated except for the col b and col v factors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

colicinogeny
<microbiology> The bacterial property of producing a colicin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colicins
Bacteriocins elaborated by strains of escherichia coli and related species. They are proteins or protein-lipopolysaccharide complexes lethal to other strains of the same species. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

colicky
Denoting or resembling the pain of colic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colicoplegia
Lead poisoning marked by both colic and palsy. ... Origin: G. Kolikos, suffering from colic, + plege, stroke ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coliform
<bacteria> Gram-negative, nonsporing, facultative rod-shaped bacteria that ferment lactose with gas formation within 48 hours at 35 degrees C. They are generally small, gram-negative, bacilliform (shaped like rods), facultative anaerobes and they include strains such as Escherichia, Kelbsiella, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter. They are useful f …

coliform bacilli
A common name for Escherichia coli that is used as an indicator of faecal contamination of water, measured in terms of coliform count. Occasionally used to refer to all lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coliform bacteria
Bacteria whose presence in waste water is an indicator of pollution and of potentially dangerous contamination. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

colimycin
Synonym for colistin ... <chemical> Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from bacillus colistinus. It is composed of polymyxins e1 and e2 (or colistins a, b, and c) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than polymyxin b, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, pep …

colinear
<molecular biology> A linear molecule having a sequence of units which corresponds to the sequence of units in another linear molecule. ... For example: the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide corresponds to the sequence of nucleotide bases of the mRNA which was translated to make it. In bacteria the sequence of nucleotide bases in an mRN …

colinus
A genus of birds (family phasianidae) consisting of the bobwhites. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

colipase
<protein> Protein cofactor for lipase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

colipases
Colipase I and II, consisting of 94-95 and 84-85 amino acid residues, respectively, have been isolated from porcine pancreas. Their role is to prevent the inhibitory effect of bile salts on the lipase-catalyzed intraduodenal hydrolysis of dietary long-chain triglycerides. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coliphage
<virology> A bacteriophage (a virus which infects bacteria) that specialises in colliforms (a type of bacteria which inhabits the bowels of larger organisms). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

coliphages
Viruses whose host is escherichia coli. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coliplication
Synonym for coloplication ... Reduction of the lumen of a dilated colon by making folds or tucks in its walls. ... Synonym: coliplication. ... Origin: colo-+ Mod. L. Plica, fold ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colipuncture
Synonym for colocentesis ... Puncture of the colon with a trochar or scalpel to relieve distention. ... Synonym: colipuncture, colopuncture. ... Origin: colo-+ G. Kentesis, a puncture ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colistimethate sodium
Pentasodium colistinmethanesulfonate;contains the pentasodium salt of the penta(methanesulfonic acid) derivative of colistin A as the major component, with a small proportion of the pentasodium salt of the same derivative of colistin B; an effective antibiotic against most Gram-negative bacilli (except Proteus), given intramuscularly. ... See: colis …

colistin
<chemical> Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from bacillus colistinus. It is composed of polymyxins e1 and e2 (or colistins a, b, and c) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than polymyxin b, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, peptide. ... Chemical name: …

colistin sulfomethate sodium
Synonym for colistimethate sodium ... Pentasodium colistinmethanesulfonate;contains the pentasodium salt of the penta(methanesulfonic acid) derivative of colistin A as the major component, with a small proportion of the pentasodium salt of the same derivative of colistin B; an effective antibiotic against most Gram-negative bacilli (except Proteus), …

colistinase
<enzyme> Serine alkaline protease from bacillus polymyxa var. Colistinus ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... Synonym: colistinase I, colistinase II ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

colitis
<pathology> Inflammation of the colon. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

colitis cystica profunda
Intramural mucus-containing cysts of the large bowel; the condition may be mistaken for mucinous carcinoma but is not neoplastic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colitis cystica superficialis
A form of colitis in which there is superficial cyst formation in the colon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colitis gravis
An obsolete term for ulcerative colitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colitis, crohn's
Crohn's disease affecting only the large intestine (colon). The disease usually affects persons in their teens or early twenties. It tends to be chronic, recurrent with periods of remission and exacerbation. In the early stages, it causes small scattered shallow crater-like areas (erosions) called apthous ulcers in the inner surface of the bowel. W …

colitis, ischemic
Acute vascular insufficiency of the colon usually involving the portion supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery. The symptoms include pain at the iliac fossa, bloody diarrhoea, low-grade fever, abdominal distention, and abdominal tenderness. The classic radiologic sign is thumbprinting due to localised elevation of the mucosa by submucosal haemo …

colitis, mucus
A common gastrointestinal disorder characterised by abdominal pain, bloating, mucous in stools, and irregular bowel habits with alternating diarrhoea and constipation, symptoms that tend to be chronic and wax and wane over the years. Although mucus colitis can cause chronic recurrent discomfort, it appears to be an abnormal condition of gut contrac …

colitis, pseudomembranous
Severe inflammation of the inner lining of the colon due usually to the clostridium difficile (C.difficile) bacterium, one of the most common causes of infection of the large bowel (colon) in the United States, affecting millions of patients yearly. Patients taking antibiotics are at risk of becoming infected with C. Difficile. Antibiotics disrupt …

colitis, spastic
See Colitis, mucus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

colitis, ulcerative
Inflammation of the large intestine (the colon). Cause unknown. Intermittent rectal bleeding, crampy abdominal pain and diarrhoea can be symptoms of ulcerative colitis. Diagnosis can be made by barium enema, but direct visualization (sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy) is the most accurate test. Long-standing ulcerative colitis increases the risk for col …

colitose
A polysaccharide somatic antigen of Salmonella species. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colla
Plural of collum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

collacin
Degenerated collagen. ... Synonym: collastin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

collagen
<protein> The protein substance of the white fibres (collagenous fibres) of skin, tendon, bone, cartilage and all other connective tissue, composed of molecules of tropocollagen, it is converted into gelatin by boiling. Collagenous pertaining to collagen, forming or producing collagen. ... Origin: Gr. Kolla = glue, gennan = to produce ... (18 N …

collagen diseases
Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that 'collagen' was equivalent to 'connective tissue', but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen …

collagen fibre
An individual fibre that varies in diameter from less than 1 um to about 12 um and is composed of fibrils; the fibre's, which are usually arranged in bundles, undergo some branching and are of indefinite length; chemically the fibre is a glycoprotein, collagen, which yields gelatin upon boiling; they make up the principal element of irregular conne …

collagen fibrils
Synonym for unit fibrils ... The fibril's that comprise a collagen fibre, ranging from 20 to 200 nm and averaging about 100 nm in diameter (substantially larger in tendons), with cross-striations averaging 64 nm. ... Synonym: collagen fibrils. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

collagen injection
Correction of superficial soft tissue deformities, acne scars, or age-related skin changes by injection (implantation) of collagen; bovine collagen preparations are commonly used. Prior intradermal testing is necessary to exclude hypersensitivity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

collagen telopeptidase
<enzyme> Neutral metalloproteinase from porcine gingiva; removes the extra-helical extension peptides proximal to the lysyl residue at position 17 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.24.- ... Synonym: collagen depolymerase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

collagen-vascular diseases
A group of generalised disease's affecting connective tissue and frequently characterised by fibrinoid necrosis or vasculitis; in some collagen disease's, auto-immunization, particularly antinuclear antibodies, has been shown and circulating immune complexes are found. The term is not entirely acceptable because there is no evidence that collagen i …

collagenase A
Synonym for Clostridium histolyticum collagenase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of collagen, preferentially at peptide bonds on the amino side of a glycylprolyl sequence. ... Synonym: clostridiopeptidase A, collagenase A, collagenase I. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

collagenases
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the degradation of collagen by acting on the peptide bonds. ... Registry number: EC 3.4.24.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

collagenation
Synonym for collagenization ... 1. Replacement of tissues or fibrin by collagen. ... 2. Synthesis of collagen by fibroblasts. ... Synonym: collagenation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

collagenic
Synonym for collagenous ... Producing or containing collagen. ... Synonym: collagenic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

collagenization
1. Replacement of tissues or fibrin by collagen. ... 2. Synthesis of collagen by fibroblasts. ... Synonym: collagenation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

collagenolytic
Causing the lysis of collagen, gelatin, and other proteins containing proline. ... Origin: collagen + G. Lysis, dissolving ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

collagenosis
See: collagen diseases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

collagenous
Producing or containing collagen. ... Synonym: collagenic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

collagenous colitis
Colitis occurring mostly in middle-aged women and characterised by persistent watery diarrhoea and a deposit of a band of collagen beneath the basement membrane of colon surface epithelium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

collagenous pneumoconiosis
A disease of the lungs, characterised by interstitial fibrosis, caused by inhalation of dusts or toxins in the workplace. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

collapse
1. A state of extreme prostration and depression, with failure of circulation. ... 2. Abnormal falling in of the walls of any part of organ. ... Origin: L. Collapsus ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

collapse delirium
Delirium caused by extreme physical depression induced by a shock, profuse haemorrhage, exhausting labour, etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

collapse of dental arch
Movement of teeth to fill a space which would normally be filled by another, missing tooth, creating a malpositioning of adjacent and opposing teeth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

collapse therapy
Surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis whereby the lung is totally or partially, temporarily or permanently, immobilised. The procedure was based on the popular concept that collapsing the affected portion of a tuberculous lung allowed the infected area to rest and thereby recover. at the beginning of the 20th century artificially induced pne …

collapsin
<protein> Glycoprotein (100 kD) from chick brain that may act as a repulsive cue in development and inhibit regeneration of mature neurons. ... Causes the collapse of the nerve growth cone at picomolar concentrations. Has a domain with sequence homology to fasciclin IV and Ig like domains. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

collapsing pulse
Synonym for water-hammer pulse ... <radiology> Corrigan's sign: increased pulse at wrist, aortic insufficiency, widened pulse pressure due to increased stroke volume, diastolic regurgitation ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

collar
<plant biology> Region of junction between blade and leaf sheath of grasses. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

collar bone
Synonym for clavicle ... <anatomy> Also called the collar bone, it articulates with the shoulder on one end (at the acromion process of the scapula) and the sternum (breast bone) on the other. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

collar incision
A cervical incision, placed one to two fingerbreadths above the sternal notch, that is frequently used for thyroid or parathyroid surgery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

collar of Venus
An obsolete term for syphilitic leukoderma involving the anterior neck and chest. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...