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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

columbia sk virus
A strain of encephalomyocarditis virus, a species of cardiovirus, that infects rodents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

columbium
Former name for niobium. ... Abbreviation: Cb ... Origin: Columbia, name for America ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

columella
The central axis of a moss capsule, sometimes applied to the central axis of fruits and cones. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

columella auris
The middle ear ossicle of amphibians, reptiles, and birds; homologous with the stapes of mammals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

columella cochleae
modiolus labii ...

columella nasi
The fleshy lower margin (termination) of the nasal septum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

column
<plant biology> The lower part of an awn in grasses, when distinctly different in form from the upper part, a structure (a gynostemium) in orchids which extends above the ovary of a flower and incorporates stigma, style and stamens. ... (15 Jan 1998) ...

column cells
Neurons in the gray matter of the spinal cord whose axons are confined within the central nervous system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

column chromatography
A form of partition, adsorption, ion exchange, or affinity chromatography in which one phase is liquid (aqueous) flowing down a column packed with the second phase, a solid; the dissolved substances form a partition between the solid and liquid phases depending on the chemical and physical conditions of each phase; the more strongly adsorbed solute …

column of bertin
<radiology> Partial hypertrophy of the renal cortex protruding into the renal sinus, seen on ultrasound, not pathologic--incidental finding ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

column of fornix
That part of the fornix that curves down in front of the thalamus and the interventricular foramen of Monro, then continues through the hypothalamus to the mamillary body; consisting primarily of fibres originating in the hippocampus and subiculum, the column of fornix is the direct continuation of the body of the fornix. ... Synonym: columna fornic …

column of Spitzka-Lissauer
See: dorsolateral fasciculus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

columna
Synonym: column, column. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

columna anterior
Synonym for anterior column ... The pronounced, ventrally oriented ridge of gray matter in each half of the spinal cord; it corresponds to the anterior or ventral horn appearing in transverse sections of the cord, and contains the motor neurons innervating the skeletal musculature of the trunk, neck, and extremities. ... See: gray columns. ... Synonym …

columna fornicis
Synonym for column of fornix ... That part of the fornix that curves down in front of the thalamus and the interventricular foramen of Monro, then continues through the hypothalamus to the mamillary body; consisting primarily of fibres originating in the hippocampus and subiculum, the column of fornix is the direct continuation of the body of the fo …

columna lateralis
Synonym: lateral column. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

columna posterior
Synonym for posterior column ... The pronounced, dorsolaterally oriented ridge of gray matter in each lateral half of the spinal cord, corresponding to the posterior or dorsal horn appearing in transverse sections of the cord. ... Synonym: columna posterior, dorsal column of spinal cord, posterior column of spinal cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

columna vertebralis
Synonym for vertebral column ... The series of vertebrae that extend from the cranium to the coccyx, providing support and forming a flexible bony case for the spinal cord. ... Synonym: columna vertebralis, backbone, dorsal spine, rachis, spina dorsalis, spina, spina, spinal column, spine, vertebrarium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

columnae anales
Synonym for anal columns ... A number of vertical ridges in the mucous membrane of the upper half of the anal canal formed as the caliber of the canal is sharply reduced from that of the rectal ampulla. ... Synonym: columnae anales, Morgagni's columns, rectal columns. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

columnae carneae
Synonym for trabeculae carneae ... Muscular bundles on the lining walls of the ventricles of the heart. ... Synonym: columnae carneae, Rathke's bundles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

columnae griseae
Synonym for gray columns ... The three somewhat ridge-shaped masses of gray matter (anterior, posterior, and lateral columns) that extend longitudinally through the centre of each lateral half of the spinal cord; in transverse sections these columns appear as gray horns and are therefore commonly called ventral or anterior, dorsal or posterior, and …

columnae renales
Synonym for renal columns ... The prolongations of cortical substance separating the pyramids of the kidney. ... Synonym: columnae renales, Bertin's columns. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

columnae rugarum
Synonym for rugal columns of vagina ... Two slight longitudinal ridges, anterior and posterior, in the vaginal mucous membrane, each marked by a number of transverse mucosal folds. ... Synonym: columnae rugarum, vaginal columns. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

columnar epithelium
Epithelium formed of a single layer of prismatic cells taller than they are wide. ... Synonym: cylindrical epithelium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

columnar layer
Synonym for stratum basale epidermidis ... The deepest layer of the epidermis, composed of dividing stem cells and anchoring cells. ... Synonym: basal cell layer, columnar layer, germinative layer, palisade layer, stratum basale, stratum cylindricum, stratum germinativum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

columnella
Synonym: columella. ... Origin: L. Dim. Of columna, a column; another form of columella ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colypeptic
Rarely used term for retarding digestion. ... Origin: G. Kolyo, to hinder, + pepsis, digestion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coma
A deep prolonged unconsciousness where the patient cannot be aroused. This is usually as the result of a head injury, neurological disease, acute hydrocephaly, intoxication or metabolic derangement. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

coma aberration
The distortion of image formation created when a bundle of light rays enters an optical system not parallel to the optic axis. ... <botany> Any tuft, as the hairs on a seed, or the greenery on a radish or a pineapple. ... Synonym: coma. ... Origin: G. Kome, hair, foliage ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coma carcinomatosum
Coma occurring in the final stage of cancerous cachexia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coma cast
A renal cast of strongly refracting granules said to be indicative of imminent coma in diabetes. ... Synonym: Kulz's cylinder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coma scale
A clinical scale to assess impaired consciousness; assessment may include motor responsiveness, verbal performance, and eye opening, as in the Glasgow (Scotland) c.s., or the same three items and dysfunction of cranial nerves, as in the Maryland (U.S.) c.s. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coma vigil
Synonym for akinetic mutism ... Subacute or chronic state of altered consciousness, in which the patient appears alert intermittently, but is not responsive, although his/her descending motor pathways appear intact; due to lesions of various cerebral structures. ... Synonym: coma vigil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

comatose
Pertaining to or affected with coma. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

comb plate
<cell biology> Large flat organelles formed by the fusion of many cilia. Vertical rows of comb plates form the motile appendages of Ctenophores. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

comb-growth test
A test for androgenic activity, based upon the stimulation of comb growth in capons (castrated cockerels) or immature roosters. ... Synonym: capon-comb-growth test, cock's comb test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

combat disorders
Neurotic reactions to unusual, severe, or overwhelming military stress. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

combat exhaustion
See: battle fatigue, posttraumatic stress disorder, war neurosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

combat neurosis
See: war neurosis, battle fatigue, posttraumatic stress disorder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Combiase
<chemical> Combination drug containing 2 quinoline derivs and digestive enzymes ... Pharmacological action: gastrointestinal agent ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

combinatio novum
<zoology> New combination - a combination validly published for the first time. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

combination
The result or product of combining, a series of events or result occurring in an ordered sequence, the act or process of combining, the act or process of uniting to form a chemical compound: the chemical compound so formed. ... <zoology> The name of a species or subspecies consisting of the name of the genus followed by the specific or specifi …

combination beat
Synonym for fusion beat ... A beat triggered by more than a single electrical impulse, when the wave fronts coincide to act together on a single final pathway of activity; in the electrocardiogram, the atrial or ventricular complex when either atria or ventricles are activated jointly by two simultaneous or nearly simultaneous invading impulses. ... …

combination chemotherapy
<oncology> Treatment consisting of the use of two or more chemicals to achieve maximum kill of tumour cells. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

combination oral contraceptive
A mixture of a steroid having progestational activity and an oestrogen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

combination restoration
A tooth restoration of two or more materials applied in layers. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

combination studies
<pharmacology> Studies in which a new drug is evaluated in combination with existing drugs. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

combinatorial
Any system using a random assortment of components at any positions in the linear arrangement of atoms, i.e., a combinatorial library of mutations could contain positions where all four bases have been randomly inserted. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

combined cycle
Two or more generation processes in series or in parallel, configured to optimise the energy output of the system. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

combined glaucoma
Glaucoma with angle-closure and open-angle mechanisms in the same eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

combined heat and power
An older term for what is now generally called cogeneration. The term is currently used in Europe and other foreign countries. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

combined immunodeficiency
<immunology> Congenital immunodeficiency with thymic agenesis, lymphocyte depletion and hypogammaglobulinaemia: both cellular and humoral immune systems are affected and life expectancy is low unless marrow transplantation is successful. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

combined immunodeficiency syndrome
<syndrome> A serious primary immunodeficiency affecting both T and B-cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

combined modality therapy
<oncology> Two or more types of treatments used to supplement each other. ... For instance, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal or immunotherapy may be used alternatively or together for maximum effectiveness. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

combined pregnancy
Coexisting uterine and ectopic pregnancy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

combined sclerosis
Synonym for subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord ... A subacute or chronic disorder of the spinal cord, such as that occurring in certain patients with vitamin B12 deficiency, characterised by a slight to moderate degree of gliosis in association with spongiform degeneration of the posterior and lateral columns. ... Synonym: combined scl …

combined system disease
Synonym for subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord ... A subacute or chronic disorder of the spinal cord, such as that occurring in certain patients with vitamin B12 deficiency, characterised by a slight to moderate degree of gliosis in association with spongiform degeneration of the posterior and lateral columns. ... Synonym: combined scl …

combined version
Bipolar version by means of one hand in the vagina, the other on the abdominal wall. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

combined-cycle power plant
The combination of a gas turbine and a steam turbine in an electric generation plant. The waste heat from the gas turbine provides the heat energy for the steam turbine. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

combining site
<biochemistry, immunology> Any region of a molecule that binds or reacts with a given compound. Especially of the region of immunoglobulin that combines with the determinant of an appropriate antigen. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

combining weight
Synonym for gram equivalent ... The weight in grams of an element that combines with or replaces 1 gram of hydrogen, the atomic or molecular weight in grams of an atom or group of atoms involved in a chemical reaction divided by the number of electrons donated, taken up, or shared by the atom or group of atoms in the course of that reaction, the wei …

comblike septum
Synonym for pectiniform septum ... Septum pectiniforme, the anterior portion of the septum penis which is broken by a number of slitlike perforations. ... Synonym: comblike septum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

combustible
Capable of combustion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

combustion
<chemistry> The heat-producing reaction of a material with oxygen gas or other oxidant, often producing a flame. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

combustion air
The air fed to a fire to provide oxygen for combustion of fuel. It may be preheated before injection into a furnace. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

combustion analysis
<technique> A method for determining the chemical composition of a compound by burning the compound under controlled conditions. Often used to determine the relative amounts of carbon and hydrogen in a compound. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

combustion efficiency
Actual heat produced by combustion divided by the total heat potential of the fuel consumed ... (17 Dec 1998) ...

combustion equivalent
The heat value of a gram of carbohydrate or fat oxidised outside the body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

combustion gases
The gases released from a combustion process. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

combustion reaction
<chemistry> The vigorous and exothermic reaction that takes place between certain substances, particularly organic compounds, and oxygen. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

Comby
Jules, French paediatrician, 1853-1947. ... See: Comby's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Comby's sign
<clinical sign> An early sign of measles, consisting in thin whitish patches on the gums and buccal mucous membrane, formed of desquamating epithelial cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

comedo
<pathology> A plug of keratin and sebum within the dilated orifice of a hair follicle, frequently containing the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus albus and Pityrosporon ovale, also called blackhead. ... See: acne. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

comedocarcinoma
<tumour> Form of carcinoma of the breast or other organ in which plugs of necrotic malignant cells may be expressed from the ducts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

comedogenic
Tending to promote the formation of comedones. ... Synonym: acnegenic. ... Origin: comedo + G. Genesis, production ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

comedonecrosis
A type of necrosis occurring with glands in which there is central luminal inflam-mation with devitalised cells, usually occurring in the breast in intraductal carcinoma. ... Origin: comedo + necrosis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

comes
A blood vessel accompanying another vessel or a nerve; the veins accompanying an artery, often two in number, are called venae comitantes or venae comites. ... Origin: L. A companion, fr. Com-, together, + eo, pp. Itus, to go ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

comet sign
In chest radiology, the curved appearance of pulmonary arteries and veins associated with round atelectasis, fibrosis associated with organizing pleurisy. ... Synonym: comet tail sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cometabolism
<biochemistry> The metabolic transformation of a substance while a second substance serves as primary energy or carbon source. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

comfort zone
The temperature range between 28°C and 30°C at which the naked body is able to maintain the heat balance without either shivering or sweating; in the clothed body the range is from 13°C to 21°C. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

comitance
A characteristic of strabismus in which the misalignment of the eyes is maintained in all directions of gaze. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

comitant
Having comitance; in a comitant strabismus the same angle of misalignment of the eyes is maintained in all directions of gaze. ... Synonym: concomitant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

comitant strabismus
A condition in which the degree of strabismus is the same in all directions of gaze. ... Synonym: concomitant strabismus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

comma bacillus
Synonym for Vibrio cholerae ... <bacteria> Bacterium that causes cholera, the life threatening aspects of which are caused by the exotoxin (see cholera toxin). ... Short, slightly curved rods, highly motile (single polar flagellum), gram-negative. Adhere to intestinal epithelium (adhesion mechanism unknown) and produce enzymes (neuraminidase, p …

comma bundle of Schultze
Synonym for semilunar fasciculus ... A compact bundle composed of descending branches of posterior root fibres located near the border between the fasciculi gracilis and cuneatus of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord; it corresponds to the septomarginal fasciculus, Hoche's tract, or oval area of Flechsig in the lumbar, and to the triangle of Phil …

comma tract of Schultze
Synonym for semilunar fasciculus ... A compact bundle composed of descending branches of posterior root fibres located near the border between the fasciculi gracilis and cuneatus of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord; it corresponds to the septomarginal fasciculus, Hoche's tract, or oval area of Flechsig in the lumbar, and to the triangle of Phil …

commando operation
Synonym for commando procedure ... An operation for malignant tumours of the floor of the oral cavity, involving resection of portions of the mandible in continuity with the oral lesion and radical neck dissection. ... Synonym: commando operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

commando procedure
An operation for malignant tumours of the floor of the oral cavity, involving resection of portions of the mandible in continuity with the oral lesion and radical neck dissection. ... Synonym: commando operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

commemorative sign
A phenomenon pointing to the previous existence of some disease other than the one present at the time. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

commensal
1. <biology> Living on or within another organism and deriving benefit without injuring or benefiting the other individual. ... 2. An organism living on or within another, but not causing injury to the host. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

commensal parasite
See: commensal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

commensalism
<biology> A type of symbiosis where two (or more) organisms from different species live in close proximity to one another, in which one member is unaffected by the relationship and the other benefits from it. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

comment
A critical or explanatory note written to discuss, support, or dispute an article or other presentation previously published. It may take the form of an article, letter, editorial, etc. It appears in publications under a variety of names: comment, commentary, editorial comment, viewpoint, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

commerce
The interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale, between different countries or between populations within the same country. It includes trade (the buying, selling, or exchanging of commodities, whether wholesale or retail) and business (the purchase and sale of goods to make a profit). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

commercial forest land
Forested land which is capable of producing new growth at a minimum rate of 20 cubic feet per acre/per year, excluding lands withdrawn from timber production by statute or administrative regulation. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

comminuted
Broken into several pieces; denoting especially a fractured bone. ... Origin: L. Com-minuo, pp. -minutus, to make smaller, break into pieces, fr. Minor, less ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

comminuted fracture
A fracture in which the bone is broken into pieces. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

comminuted skull fracture
A fracture of the skull with fragmentation of bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

comminution
<chemistry> The process of grinding or crushing a solid into fine particles. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

commissura
Synonym: commissure. ... Origin: L. A joining together, seam, fr. Com-mitto, to send together, combine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...