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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


conexus intertendineus
An alternate term for intertendinous connections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

confabulation
<psychiatry> Fabrication of detailed, plausible experiences and events to cover gaps in memory. May occur as a feature of Wernicke's encephalopathy. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

confectio
Synonym: confection. ... Origin: L. Fr. Conficio, pp. -fectus, to make ready, prepare ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

confection
A pharmaceutical preparation consisting of a drug mixed with honey or syrup; a soft solid, sometimes used as an excipient for pill masses. ... Synonym: confectio, conserve, electuary. ... Origin: L. Confectio ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

confertus
Arranged closely together; coalescing. ... Origin: L. Confercio, pp. -fertus, to cram together, fr. Farcio, to fill full, cram ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

confidence interval
A range of values for a variable of interest, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

confidence intervals
A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

confidentiality
Entrusted communication of information which is considered private and implies an ethical or legal principle. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

configuration
<chemistry> The three-dimensional arrangement of an organic molecule that is caused by: double bonds that prevent free rotation, or chiral centres that haveside groups arranged around them in a particular order. ... A configurational isomer cannot be turned into another configuration without breaking covalent bonds. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

confinement
Lying-in; giving birth to a child. ... Origin: L. Confine (ntr.), a boundary, confine, fr. Con-+ finis, boundary ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

confinement time
<radiobiology> There are several types. The general definition is tau = [total]/[loss per unit time], hence Tau_E = [total energy]/[energy loss per unit time]. Tau_[E, N,.] is the amount of time the plasma is contained (for example, by magnetic fields) before its [energy (E), particles (N or P)] leak / dissipate away. The different types are, …

conflict
<psychology> The internal individual struggle resulting from incompatible or opposing needs, drives, or external and internal demands. In group interactions, competitive or opposing action of incompatibles: antagonistic state or action (as of divergent ideas, interests, or persons). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

conflict of interest
A situation in which a private person might benefit from his official or professional actions. It includes a conflict between his private interests or finances and his official responsibilities in his position of trust. The term is not restricted to private finances nor to only government officials. The concept refers both to actual or proven confl …

conflorescence
A compound inflorescence consisting of two or more unit inflorescences. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

confluence
A flowing together; a joining of two or more streams. ... Synonym: confluens. ... Origin: L. Confluens ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

confluence of sinuses
A meeting place, at the internal occipital protuberance, of the superior sagittal, straight, occipital, drained by the two transverse sinuses of the dura mater. ... Synonym: confluens sinuum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

confluens
Synonym: confluence, confluence. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

confluens sinuum
Synonym for confluence of sinuses ... A meeting place, at the internal occipital protuberance, of the superior sagittal, straight, occipital, drained by the two transverse sinuses of the dura mater. ... Synonym: confluens sinuum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

confluent
1. Joining; running together; denoting certain skin lesions which become merged, forming a patch; denoting a disease characterised by lesions which are not discrete, or distinct one from the other. ... 2. Denoting a bone formed by the blending together of two originally distinct bones. ... Origin: L. Con-fluo, to flow together ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

confluent articulation
A tendency to run the syllables together in speech. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

confluent culture
<cell biology> A cell culture in which all the cells are in contact and the entire surface of the culture vessel is covered. It is also often used with the implication that the cells have also reached their maximum density, though confluence does not necessarily mean that division will cease or that the population will not increase in size.
confluent smallpox
A severe form in which the lesions run into each other, forming large suppurating areas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

confocal
See: confocal microscope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

confocal microscope
<instrument> A microscope that allows the observer to visualise objects in a single plane of focus, thereby creating a sharper image (usually the objects are fluorescent molecules); a refinement of this microscope uses optical sectioning and a computer to record serial sections. This permits three-dimensional reconstruction. ... (05 Mar 2000)< …

confocal microscopy
<procedure> A system of (usually) epifluorescence light microscopy in which a fine laser beam of light is scanned over the object through the objective lens. The technique is particularly good at rejecting light from outside the plane of focus and so produces higher effective resolution than is normally achieved. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

confocal optics
<microscopy> A (microscope) optical system in which the condenser and objective lenses both focus onto one single point in the specimen. Generally, the image of a pinhole source is focused onto a point in the specimen, and that point is focused by the objective lens onto a point detector or through a mask with a pinhole aperture. With confoca …

conformation
The three-dimensional arrangement of side groups on a molecule which canfreely rotate into different positions without breaking any bonds. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

conformational change
<cell biology> Alteration in the shape usually the tertiary structure of a protein as a result of alteration in the environment pH, temperature, ionic strength) or the binding of a ligand (to a receptor) or binding of substrate (to an enzyme). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

conformational map
Synonym for Ramachandran plot ... A graphical representation in which the dihedral angle of rotation about the alpha-carbon to carbonyl-carbon bond in polypeptides is plotted against the dihedral angle of rotation about the alpha-carbon to nitrogen bond. ... Synonym: conformational map. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

conformer
A mold, usually of plastic material, used in plastic surgical repair to maintain space in a cavity or to prevent closing by healing of an artificial or natural opening affected by neighboring surgical repair. ... Origin: L. Conformo, to fashion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

confounding
1. A situation in which the effects of two or more processes are not separated; the distortion of the apparent effect of an exposure on risk, brought about by the association with other factors that can influence the outcome. ... 2. A relationship between the effects of two or more causal factors observed in a set of data, such that it is not logica …

confounding factor
<epidemiology> Factors that can cause or prevent the outcome of interest, are not intermediate variables, and are not associated with the factor(s) under investigation. ... They give rise to situations in which the effects of two processes are not separated, or the contribution of causal factors cannot be separated, or the measure of the effec …

confrontation
The act by the therapist, or another patient in a therapy group, of openly interpreting a patient's resistances, attitudes, feelings, or effects upon either the therapist, the group, or its member(s). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

confrontation method
A method of perimetry; the examiner compares the visual fields of the patient with his own by facing the patient who has one eye covered and the other fixed upon the corresponding (confronting) eye of the examiner. The examiner then holds his finger midway between the patient and himself and moves it slowly in different directions until the patient …

confusion
Disturbed orientation in regard to time, place or person, sometimes accompanied by disordered consciousness. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

confusion colours
A set of colour's (usually of coloured wools), cream, buff, pale blue, gray, brown, green, violet, etc., used in tests for colour blindness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

confusional
Characterised by, or pertaining to, confusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congelation
Synonym: freezing. ... 2. Obsolete term for frostbite. ... Origin: L. Con-gelo, pp. -atus, to freeze ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congelation urticaria
Synonym for cold urticaria ... Wheal formation that develops after exposure to lowered temperatures, with or without demonstrable passive-transfer antibodies. ... Synonym: congelation urticaria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congener
1. One of two or more things of the same kind, as of animal or plant with respect to classification. ... 2. One of two or more muscles with the same function. ... Origin: L. Con-, with, + genus, race ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenericity
<zoology> Congeneric species are species belonging to the same genus. Congeneric applied to generic names usually implies that the names refer to the same taxon i.e. Synonymous genera. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

congenerous
1. Having the same function; denoting certain muscles that are synergistic. ... 2. Derived from the same source, or of a similar nature. ... Origin: see congener ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenic
<cell biology> Organisms that differ in genotype at (ideally) one specified locus. Strictly speaking these are conisogenics. Thus one homozygous strain can be spoken of as being congenic to another. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

congenic strain
An inbred strain of animals produced by continued crossing of a gene of one line onto another inbred (isogenic) line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital
<embryology> Existing at and usually before, birth, referring to conditions that are present at birth, regardless of their causation. ... Origin: L. Congenitus = born together ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

congenital adrenal hyperplasia
<endocrinology> A genetic disorder present at birth characterised by a deficiency of the hormones aldosterone and cortisol and an overproduction of male sex hormones (androgens). In males this may manifest as enlarged penis, small testes and early development of masculine characteristics. In females features include ambiguous genitalia, failu …

congenital afibrinogenaemia
<biochemistry> A below normal level of fibrinogen in the plasma. Fibrinogen (factor II) is one of the proteins involved in the formation of a blood clot. This condition may be congenital or acquired (for example disseminated intravascular coagulation, multiple blood transfusions). ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

congenital anaemia
Synonym for erythroblastosis foetalis ... <haematology> A condition which develops in the foetus due to an incompatibility between the mother's blood type (RH factor) and the baby's. Maternal antibodies, which enter the foetal circulation during delivery attack the baby's red blood cells leading to haemolysis (rupture of the cells). ... Symptom …

congenital ankyloblepharon
Congenital adhesion of the upper and lower eyelid by bands of tissue. ... Synonym: filiform adnatum. ... Origin: ankylo-+ G. Blepharon, eyelid ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital aplasia of thymus
diGeorge syndrome ...

congenital aplastic anaemia
Synonym for Fanconi's anaemia ... <haematology> A rare inherited type of aplastic anaemia which carries an increased risk to the patient of developing leukaemia. May be treated by bone marrow transplant. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

congenital atonic pseudoparalysis
Synonym for amyotonia congenita ... Atonic pseudoparalysis of congenital origin (neither familial nor hereditary), observed especially in infants and characterised by absences of muscular tone only in muscles innervated by the spinal nerves. ... Synonym: congenital atonic pseudoparalysis, myatonia congenita, Oppenheim's disease, Oppenheim's syndrome. …

congenital baldness
Synonym for alopecia congenitalis ... Absence of all hair at birth, associated with psychomotor epilepsy; autosomal dominant inheritance. ... Synonym: congenital baldness, hypotrichiasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital bronchiectasis
Persistent and progressive dilation of bronchi or bronchioles as a consequence of inflammatory disease (lung infections), obstruction (tumour) or congenital abnormality (for example cystic fibrosis). Although rarely congenital, it is most often an acquired condition in childhood. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

congenital cardiomyopathy
<radiology> Endocardial fibroelastosis, myocarditis, glycogen storage disease (Pompe's), anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

congenital cataract
A cataract or clouding or the lens of the eye, that occurs in the foetus at some time during pregnancy. Children with Down's syndrome and galactosaemia have an increased incidence of congenital cataracts. ... Treatment includes cataract removal and the insertion of an artificial lens. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

congenital cerebellar atrophy
Familial disorder that causes degeneration of various cells in the cerebellum. Two types are recognised, one in which the granular layer cells degenerate, the other in which the Purkinje cells degenerate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital cerebral aneurysm
Localised dilation of a cerebral vessel; usually a berry aneurysm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital choreoathetosis
Synonym for double athetosis ... A type of cerebral palsy manifested predominantly as bilateral involuntary movements, beginning at about the age of 3 years, and preceded by generalised hypotonia and delayed motor development. Due to various causes, including kernicterus and birth hypoxia. ... Synonym: congenital choreoathetosis, double congenital at …

congenital conus
Synonym for Fuchs' coloboma ... A congenital inferior crescent on the choroid at the edge of the optic disk; not associated with myopia. ... Synonym: congenital conus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital defect
A birth defect. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Absence of the pleuroperitoneal membrane (usually on the left) or an enlarged Morgagni's foramen which allows protrusion of abdominal viscera into the chest. ... Synonym: Bochdalek's hernia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital dysphagocytosis
Synonym for chronic granulomatous disease ... <disease> Chronic granulomatous disease is usually fatal in childhood, in which the production of hydrogen peroxide by phagocytes does not occur because of a lesion in an NADP dependent oxidase. ... Catalase negative bacteria are not killed and there is no luminol enhanced chemiluminescence when the …

congenital dysplasia of the hip
A malformation of the hip joint that is present at birth. Genetic factors likely play a role in this disorder. Features include hip dislocation, asymmetry of leg positions, asymmetric fat folds and diminished movement on the affected side. Some children will exhibit little or no features and must be diagnosed by physical examination of the hip join …

congenital dysplastic angiectasia
Synonym for Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome ... <syndrome> A congenital malformation syndrome characterised by the triad of asymmetric limb hypertrophy, haemangiomata, and nevi. Asymmetric limb hypertrophy is enlargement of one limb and not the corresponding limb on the other side, the enlarged limb being 3 times more likely to be a leg than …

congenital dysplastic angiomatosis
Autosomal dominant angiomatosis in which there is dysplasia of the underlying tissues, sometimes with overgrowth of bone (Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome), or encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (Sturge-Weber syndrome) in which there is an angioma in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve, with vascular anomalies and calcifi …

congenital ectodermal defect
Incomplete development of the epidermis and skin appendages; the skin is smooth and hairless, the facies abnormal, and the teeth and nails may be affected; sweating may be deficient. ... Synonym: congenital ectodermal dysplasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital ectodermal dysplasia
Synonym for congenital ectodermal defect ... Incomplete development of the epidermis and skin appendages; the skin is smooth and hairless, the facies abnormal, and the teeth and nails may be affected; sweating may be deficient. ... Synonym: congenital ectodermal dysplasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital elephantiasis
Congenital enlargement of one or more of the limbs or other parts, due to dilation of the lymphatics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital epulis of newborn
A congenital benign nodular tumour of the alveolar ridge, of unknown histogenesis; histologically, it is composed of large cells with a granular cytoplasm similar to that of a granular cell tumour (myoblastoma). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital erythropoietic porphyria
A group of metabolic disorders that result from a disturbance in porphyrin metabolism, causing increased formation and excretion of porphyrin or its precursors. Acute intermittent porphyria is a rare inherited (autosomal dominant) form that can result in abdominal pain, photosensitivity and neurological disturbances. The various forms can be differ …

congenital facial diplegia
Synonym for Mobius' syndrome ... <syndrome> A developmental bilateral facial paralysis usually associated with oculomotor or other neurological disorders. ... Synonym: congenital facial diplegia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital generalised fibromatosis
Multiple subcutaneous and visceral fibrous tumours present at birth; a rare disorder often fatal in the first week of life, although sometimes undergoing spontaneous remission; probable autosomal recessive inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital giant pigmented nevus
These large pigmented (often hairy) congenital nevi are important because of their increased risk (10 to 15%) of conversion into malignant melanoma. A biopsy can confirm if cells have turned malignant. Any change in a pre-existing nevus should prompt a physician evaluation. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

congenital glaucoma
Synonym for buphthalmia ... An affection of infancy, marked by an increase of intraocular pressure with enlargement of the eyeball. ... Synonym: congenital glaucoma, hydrophthalmia, hydrophthalmos, hydrophthalmus. ... Origin: G. Bous, ox, + ophthalmos, eye ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital haemolytic anaemia
Accelerated destruction of red blood cells due to an inherited defect, such as in the membrane in hereditary spherocytosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital haemolytic icterus
Synonym for hereditary spherocytosis ... <haematology> A hereditary disorder that leads to a chronic haemolytic anaemia due to an abnormality in the red blood cell membrane. ... This disorder is caused by a defective gene. Red cells are resistant to stress and rupture easily. Infants may appear jaundiced and pale. Fatigue, weakness and shortnes …

congenital haemolytic jaundice
Synonym for hereditary spherocytosis ... <haematology> A hereditary disorder that leads to a chronic haemolytic anaemia due to an abnormality in the red blood cell membrane. ... This disorder is caused by a defective gene. Red cells are resistant to stress and rupture easily. Infants may appear jaundiced and pale. Fatigue, weakness and shortnes …

congenital heart block
Atrioventricular block present in utero or at birth and usually of advanced or complete degree. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital heart disease
Heart disease that is present from birth. ... Examples include atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, aortic stenosis and tetralogy of Fallot. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

congenital hernia of the diaphragm
A condition present at birth where there is abnormal protrusion of abdominal contents upward through a defect in the diaphragm. This condition is treated as a surgical emergency due to interference with the infant's breathing. Smaller, less serious diaphragmatic hernias may also be seen in adults. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

congenital hip dislocation
A malformation of the hip joint that is present at birth. Genetic factors likely play a role in this disorder. Features include hip dislocation, asymmetry of leg positions, asymmetric fat folds and diminished movement on the affected side. Some children will exhibit little or no features and must be diagnosed by physical examination of the hip join …

congenital hip dysplasia
A malformation of the hip joint that is present at birth. Genetic factors likely play a role in this disorder. Features include hip dislocation, asymmetry of leg positions, asymmetric fat folds and diminished movement on the affected side. Some children will exhibit little or no features and must be diagnosed by physical examination of the hip join …

congenital hydrocele
A collection of fluid in the unobliterated processus vaginalis leading from the abdominal cavity to the investing sac of the testis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus due to a developmental defect of the brain. ... Synonym: primary hydrocephalus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital hypoplastic anaemia
Congenital nonregenerative, familial hypoplastic, or pure red cell anaemia; erythrogenesis imperfecta; Diamond-Blackfan syndrome; autosomal recessive normocytic normochromic anaemia resulting from congenital hypoplasia of the bone marrow, which is grossly deficient in erythroid precursors while other elements are normal; anaemia is progressive and …

congenital hypothyroidism
Lack of thyroid secretion. ... See: infantile hypothyroidism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital insensitivity to pain
<radiology> Autosomal recessive, neuropathic joints, micro- and macrofractures, epiphyseal separation, osteomyelitis (mandible, fingers, toes) Differential diagnosis: congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (autosomal recessive), hereditary sensory radicular neuropathy (autosomal recessive), congenital sensory neuropathy (autosomal d …

congenital kidney abnormalities
Kidney abnormalities that are present from birth (for example polycystic kidneys). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

congenital leukoderma
The absence of pigmentation in the hair, skin and eyes, usually autosomal recessive. ... Inheritance: autosomal recessive. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

congenital lobar emphysema
<radiology> Caused by bronchial cartilage abnormality, SOLID mass at birth: dilated alveoli filled with foetal lung fluid, usually in UPPER lobes (including RML), Treatment: surgical lobectomy Cf: cystic adenomatoid malformation ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

congenital lymphedema
Synonym for hereditary lymphedema ... Permanent pitting oedema usually confined to the legs; two types, congenital (Milroy's disease ), or with onset at about the age of puberty (Meige's disease ); autosomal dominant inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital malformation
Abnormal formation of a structure evident at birth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

congenital megacolon
A congenital condition which results in an enlarged and poorly functioning colon due to abnormal intestinal motility. These patients are at risk for intestinal obstruction. Constipation, vomiting, abdominal distention, poor weight gain, a retarded growth are common. Treatment include the use of a temporary colostomy with later resection of the affe …

congenital methemoglobinaemia
Methemoglobinaemia due to formation of any one of a group of abnormal a chain or b chain haemoglobins collectively known as haemoglobin M. Slate-gray cyanosis occurs in early infancy, without pulmonary or cardiac disease, and is resistant to ascorbic acid or methylene blue therapy; autosomal dominant inheritance, methemoglobinaemia due to deficienc …

congenital myxoedema
Stunted body growth and mental development appearing in the first years of life resulting the inappropriate development of the thymus gland or inadequate maternal intake of iodine during gestation. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

congenital nevus
A melanocytic nevus that is visible at birth, is often larger than an acquired nevus, and more frequently involves deeper structures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

congenital nonregenerative anaemia
Synonym for congenital hypoplastic anaemia ... Congenital nonregenerative, familial hypoplastic, or pure red cell anaemia; erythrogenesis imperfecta; Diamond-Blackfan syndrome; autosomal recessive normocytic normochromic anaemia resulting from congenital hypoplasia of the bone marrow, which is grossly deficient in erythroid precursors while other el …

congenital nystagmus
Nystagmus present at birth or caused by lesions sustained in utero or at the time of birth, inherited nystagmus, usually X-linked, without associated neurologic lesions and nonprogressive; all three patterns of mendelian inheritance may occur: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive,, the nystagmus associated with albinism, achromatopsia, and hypop …

congenital pancytopenia
Synonym for Fanconi's anaemia ... <haematology> A rare inherited type of aplastic anaemia which carries an increased risk to the patient of developing leukaemia. May be treated by bone marrow transplant. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (13 Nov 1997) ...