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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

contact tracing
Identification of those persons (or animals) who have had such an association with an infected person, animal, or contaminated environment as to have had the opportunity to acquire the infection. Contact tracing is a generally accepted method for the control of sexually transmitted diseases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contact-type dermatitis
Dermatitis resembling contact dermatitis or eczema, but caused by an ingested or injected allergen, usually a drug, and with a widespread or generalised distribution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contactant
Any of a heterogeneous group of allergens that elicit manifestations of induced sensitivity (hypersensitivity) by direct contact with skin or mucosa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contactin
<protein> A 130 kD glycoprotein attached to the cytoskeleton via its cytoplasmic domain, concentrated in areas of interneuronal contact. Its sequence contains both immunoglobulin like domains and fibronectin type III repeats. Its close homology with N CAM suggests that it is a CAM. Like L1, F11, neurofascin and TAG 1 in vertebrate nervous sys …

contactinhibin
<protein> Plasma membrane glycoprotein of 60-70 kD isolated from human diploid fibroblasts, which when immobilised on silica beads has been reported to reversibly inhibit the growth of cultured cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

contagion
Synonym: contagium. ... 2. Transmission of infection by direct contact, droplet spread, or contaminated fomites. The term originated long before development of modern ideas of infectious disease and has since lost much of its significance, being included under the more inclusive term 'communicable disease.' ... 3. Production via suggestion or imitati …

contagious
Infectious. May be transmitted from person to person. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

contagious agalactia
A generalised, debilitating disease of sheep and goats caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae; udder infection leads to a decrease in milk production. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
A highly infectious disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides sp. Mycoides and occurring in acute, subacute, and chronic septicaemic forms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contagious bovine pyelonephritis
A specific necrotizing inflammation of the renal pelvis and ureters of cattle, caused by infection with Corynebacterium renale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
An acute disease of goats caused by Mycoplasma mycoides sp. Capri. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contagious disease
An infectious disease transmissible by direct or indirect contact; now used synonymously with communicable disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contagious distribution
<epidemiology> Same as an aggregated distribution. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

contagious ecthyma
Synonym for orf ... A specific disease of sheep and goats, caused by the orf virus. This virus is transmissible to man and characterised by vesiculation and ulceration of the infected site. ... Synonym: contagious ecthyma, contagious pustular dermatitis, scabby mouth, soremouth. ... Origin: O.E. Orfcwealm, murrain, fr. Orf, cattle, + cwealm, destructi …

contagious ecthyma virus of sheep
The poxvirus of the genus Parapoxvirus causing contagious ecthyma (pustular dermatitis) of sheep. ... Synonym: soremouth virus, pustular dermatitis virus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contagious pustular dermatitis
Synonym for orf ... A specific disease of sheep and goats, caused by the orf virus. This virus is transmissible to man and characterised by vesiculation and ulceration of the infected site. ... Synonym: contagious ecthyma, contagious pustular dermatitis, scabby mouth, soremouth. ... Origin: O.E. Orfcwealm, murrain, fr. Orf, cattle, + cwealm, destructi …

contagiousness
The quality of being contagious. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contagium
The agent of an infectious disease. ... Synonym: contagion. ... Origin: L. A touching ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

containment
The concept of regional or global eradication of communicable disease, proposed by Fred Lowe Soper (1893-1977) in 1949 for the eradication of smallpox. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

containment of biohazards
Provision of physical and biological barriers to the dissemination of potentially hazardous biologically active agents (bacteria, viruses, recombinant DNA, etc.). Physical containment involves the use of special equipment, facilities, and procedures to prevent the escape of the agent. Biological containment includes use of immune personnel and the …

containment vessel
<radiobiology> Gas-tight shell or other enclosure around a fusion (or fission) reactor, to prevent accidental leakage of radioactive contents. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

contaminant
An impurity; any material of an extraneous nature associated with a chemical, a pharmaceutical preparation, a physiologic principle, or an infectious agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contaminate
To cause or result in contamination. ... Origin: L. Con-tamino, to mingle, corrupt ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contamination
The soiling or pollution by inferior material, as by the introduction of organisms into a wound or sewage into a stream. ... Origin: L. Contaminatio from con =together + tangere = to touch ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

content
1. That which is contained within something else, usually in this sense in the plural form, contents. ... 2. In psychology, the form of a dream as presented to consciousness. ... 3. Ambiguous usage for concentration; e.g., blood haemoglobin content could mean either its concentration or the product of its concentration and the blood volume. ... Origin …

content analysis
Any of a variety of techniques for classification and study of the verbal products of normal or of psychologically disabled individuals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

content validity
The extent to which the items of a test or procedure are in fact a representative sample of that which is to be measured; e.g., items relating to ability in arithmetic and defining words are appropriate content for an intelligence test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contig
Group of clones representing overlapping regions of the genome. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contig map
Synonym for contiguous map ... <molecular biology> A map depicting the relative order of a linked library of small overlapping clones representing a complete chromosomal segment. ... (10 Nov 1998) ...

contigs
<molecular biology> Groups of clones representing overlapping regions of a genome. ... (10 Nov 1998) ...

contiguity
1. Contact without actual continuity, e.g., the contact of the bones entering into the formation of a cranial suture. ... Compare: continuity. ... 2. Occurrence of two or more objects, events, or mental impressions together in space (spatial contiguity) or time (temporal contiguity). ... Origin: L. Contiguus, touching, fr. Contingo, to touch ... (05 Ma …

contiguous
Adjacent or in actual contact. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contiguous map
<molecular biology> A map depicting the relative order of a linked library of small overlapping clones representing a complete chromosomal segment. ... (10 Nov 1998) ...

continence
1. Moderation, temperance, or self-restraint in respect to the appetites, especially to sexual intercourse. ... 2. The ability to retain urine and/or faeces until a proper time for their discharge. ... Origin: L. Continentia, fr. Con-tineo, to hold back ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continent
Denoting continence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contingency table
A tabular cross-classification of data such that subcategories of one characteristic are indicated in rows (horizontally) and subcategories of another are indicated in columns (vertically). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contingent negative variation
An increasing negative shift of the cortical electrical potentials associated with an anticipated response to an expected stimulus. It is an electrical event indicative of a state of readiness or expectancy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

continued
Continuous; without intermission; said especially of protracted fever without apyretic intervals, such as typhoid fever, compared with the paroxysms of fever in malaria. ... Origin: L. Continuo, to join together, make continuous ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continued fever
An obsolete term for a febrile illness without the intermittency of malaria. Many cases were typhoid fever, but included many types of febrile illnesses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continuity
Absence of interruption, a succession of parts intimately united, e.g., the unbroken conjunction of cells and structures that make up a single bone of the skull. ... Compare: contiguity. ... Origin: L. Continuus, continued ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continuity of patient care
Health care provided on a continuing basis from the initial contact with a physician or clinic and following the patient through all episodes of his medical care needs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

continuous
Not interrupted, having no interruption. ... Origin: L. Continuus ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

continuous bar retainer
A metal bar, usually resting on lingual surfaces of teeth, to aid in their stabilization and to act as indirect retainer's. ... Synonym: continuous clasp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continuous beam
In dentistry, a beam that continues over three or more supports, those supports not at the beam ends being equally free supports. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continuous capillary
A capillary in which small vesicles (caveolae) are numerous and pores are absent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continuous clasp
Synonym for continuous bar retainer ... A metal bar, usually resting on lingual surfaces of teeth, to aid in their stabilization and to act as indirect retainer's. ... Synonym: continuous clasp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continuous culture
<cell culture> A culture of microorganisms in a liquid medium which is maintained under constant conditions with a constant nutrient supply so that it can grow steadily for an extended period of time. ... Compare: batch culture. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

continuous epidural anaesthesia
Insertion of a catheter into the lumbar or caudal epidural space for the repeated injection of local anaesthetic solutions as a means of prolonging duration of anaesthesia. ... Synonym: fractional epidural anaesthesia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continuous loop wiring
The formation of wire loops on both maxillary and mandibular teeth, for the placement of intermaxillary elastics; used in reduction and fixation of fractures. ... Synonym: Stout's wiring. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continuous murmur
A murmur that is heard without interruption throughout systole and into diastole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continuous passive motion
A technique in which a joint, usually the knee, is moved constantly in a mechanical splint to prevent stiffness and to increase the range of motion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continuous phase
Synonym for external phase ... The medium or fluid in which a disperse is suspended. ... Synonym: continuous phase, dispersion medium, dispersion phase, external medium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continuous positive airway pressure
A technique of respiratory therapy, in either spontaneously breathing or mechanically ventilated patients, in which airway pressure is maintained above atmospheric pressure throughout the respiratory cycle by pressurization of the ventilatory circuit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continuous processing
A method of bioprocessing in which new materials are added and products removed continuously at a rate that maintains the volume at a specific level. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

continuous random variable
Continuous variable that may randomly assume any value in its domain but any particular value has no probability of occurring, only a probability density. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continuous spectrum
A spectrum in which there are no absorption bands or lines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continuous spinal anaesthesia
Insertion of a catheter into the spinal subarachnoid space and leaving it in situ to permit serial intermittent injection of local anaesthetic solution for prolonged spinal anaesthesia. ... Synonym: fractional spinal anaesthesia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continuous suture
An uninterrupted series of stitches using one suture; the stitching is fastened at each end by a knot. ... Synonym: spiral suture, uninterrupted suture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continuous time model
<epidemiology> A model in which the system changes continuously over time. Derivatives (e.g. DY/dt ) are the mathematical formalism for describing such continuous change. The differential equation which embodies a model provides the values of these derivatives at any particular time point; calculus or a computer can then be used to move the s …

continuous tremor
Synonym for persistent tremor ... A tremor that is constant, whether the subject is at rest or moving. ... Synonym: continuous tremor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

continuous variable
A variable that may take on any value in an interval or intervals (its domain). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contour
1. The outline of a part; the surface configuration. ... 2. In dentistry, to restore the normal outlines of a broken or otherwise misshapen tooth, or to create the external shape or form of a prosthesis. ... Origin: L. Con-(intens.), + torno, to turn (in a lathe), fr. Tornus, a lathe ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contour lines of Owen
Synonym for Owen's lines ... Accentuated incremental line's in the dentin thought to be due to disturbances in the mineralization process. ... Synonym: contour lines of Owen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contra-
Opposed, against. ... See: counter-. ... Compare: anti-. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contra-angle
1. One of the double or triple angles in the shank of an instrument by means of which the cutting edge or point is brought into the axis of the handle. ... 2. An extension piece added to the end of a dental handpiece which, through a set of bevel gears, changes the angle of the axis of rotation of the bur in relation to the axis of the handpiece. …

contra-aperture
Synonym for counteropening ... A second opening made at the dependent part of an abscess or other cavity containing fluid, which is not draining satisfactorily through an opening previously made. ... Synonym: contra-aperture, counterpuncture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contrabevel
A bevel located on the side opposite the customary side. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contraception
The prevention of conception or impregnation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

contraception behaviour
Behaviour patterns of those practicing contraception. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contraception, immunologic
Contraceptive methods utilizing immunologic processes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contraceptive
An agent that diminishes the likelihood of or prevents conception. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

contraceptive agents
Chemical substances diminishing the likelihood of or preventing conception. The agents do not include occlusive barriers to prevent the passage of spermatozoa into the uterus (contraceptive devices). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contraceptive agents, female
Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in females. Use for female contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contraceptive agents, male
Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in males. Use for male contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contraceptive device
A device used to prevent pregnancy; e.g., occlusive diaphragm, condom, intrauterine device. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contraceptive device, intrauterine
A device inserted into the uterus (womb) to prevent conception (pregnancy). The IUD can be a coil, loop, triangle, or T in shape made of plastic or metal. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contraceptive devices
Devices that diminish the likelihood of or prevent conception. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contraceptive devices, female
Contraceptive devices used by females. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contraceptive devices, male
Contraceptive devices used by males. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contraceptive sponge
A resilient, hydrophilic sponge of polyurethane foam impregnated with a spermicide; contraception is achieved by action of the spermicide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contraceptives, oral
Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. The hormones are generally oestrogen or progesterone or both. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contraceptives, oral, combined
Fixed drug combinations administered orally for contraceptive purposes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contraceptives, oral, hormonal
Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contraceptives, oral, sequential
Drugs administered orally and sequentially for contraceptive purposes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contraceptives, oral, synthetic
Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contraceptives, postcoital
Contraceptive substances to be used after coitus. Usually high doses of oestrogen are administered within 24-36 hours after coitus as an emergency measure, not as a replacement for the usual methods of contraception because of the side effects of high concentration of oestrogen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contract
1. To shorten; to become reduced in size; in the case of muscle, either to shorten or to undergo an increase in tension. ... 2. To acquire by contagion or infection. ... 3. An explicit bilateral commitment by psychotherapist and patient to a defined course of action to attain the goal of the psychotherapy. ... Origin: L. Con-traho, pp. -tractus, to dr …

contract services
Outside services provided to an institution under a formal financial agreement. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contracted foot
A condition of the horse in which a part of the foot, often a heel, is contracted and shrunken as a result of loss of moisture in the hoof. ... Synonym: contracted heel, talipes cavus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contracted heel
Synonym for contracted foot ... A condition of the horse in which a part of the foot, often a heel, is contracted and shrunken as a result of loss of moisture in the hoof. ... Synonym: contracted heel, talipes cavus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contracted kidney
A diffusely scarred kidney in which the relatively large amount of abnormal fibrous tissue and ischemic atrophy leads to a moderate or great reduction in the size of the organ, as in arteriolar nephrosclerosis and chronic glomerulonephritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contracted pelvis
A pelvis with less than normal measurements in any diameter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contractile
Having the property of contracting. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contractile proteins
Proteins which participate in contractile processes. They include muscle proteins as well as those found in other cells and tissues. In the latter, these proteins participate in localised contractile events in the cytoplasm, in motile activity, and in cell aggregation phenomena. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

contractile ring
Synonym for constriction ring ... The equatorial ring of microfilaments that diminishes in diameter probably both by contraction and disassembly as cytokinesis proceeds. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

contractile stricture
Synonym for recurrent stricture ... A stricture due to the presence of contractile tissue which may be dilated but soon returns. ... Synonym: contractile stricture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

contractile vacuole
A specialised vacuole of eukaryote cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of a permanent narrow neck. Function is probably osmoregulatory. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

contractility
Capacity for becoming short in response to a suitable stimulus. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

contraction
<physiology> A shortening or reduction in size, in connection with muscles contraction implies shortening and/or development of tension. ... Origin: L. Contractus = drawn together ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

contraction band
A microscopic change in myocardial cells in which excessive contraction, associated with elevated intracellular calcium and serum norepinephrine, causes the formation of transverse amorphous band's in the fibres which are then incapable of contracting again. ... Synonym: contraction band necrosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...