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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

convexoconcave lens
A minus power lens having one surface convex and the opposite surface concave, with the latter having the greater curvature. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

convexoconvex lens
Synonym for biconvex lens ... A lens with both surfaces convex. ... Synonym: convexoconvex lens, double convex lens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

conveyor
A mechanical apparatus for carrying bulk material from place to place; for example, an endless moving belt or a chain of receptacles. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

convolute
Said of parts rolled or twisted together when in an undeveloped stage, as in some corollas in the bud stage. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

convoluted
Synonym for convolute ... Said of parts rolled or twisted together when in an undeveloped stage, as in some corollas in the bud stage. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

convoluted bone
See: inferior nasal concha, middle nasal concha, superior nasal concha, supreme nasal concha. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

convoluted gland
Synonym for coil gland ... A gland whose secretory part is convoluted. ... Synonym: convoluted gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

convoluted part of kidney lobule
Proximal and distal convoluted tubules and the associated renal corpuscles supplied by branches of the interlobular arteries. ... Synonym: labyrinthus, pars convoluta lobuli corticalis renis, labyrinth, Ludwig's labyrinth, renal labyrinth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

convoluted seminiferous tubule
One of two or three twisted curved tubules in each lobule of the testis, in which spermatogenesis occurs. ... Synonym: tubulus seminifer contortus, tubulus contortus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

convoluted tubule of kidney
The highly convoluted segments of the nephron in the renal labyrinth comprising the proximal convoluted tubule, which leads from Bowman's capsule to the descending limb of Henle's loop, and the distal convoluted tubule, which leads from the ascending limb of Henle's loop to the collecting tube. ... Synonym: tubulus renalis contortus, Ferrein's tube, …

convolution
1. A coiling or rolling of an organ. ... 2. Specifically, a gyrus of the cerebral or cerebellar cortex. ... Origin: L. Convolutio ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

convulsant
A substance that produces convulsions. ... See: eclamptogenic, epileptogenic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

convulsant threshold
The smallest amount of stimulation, electric current, or drug required to induce a convulsion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

convulsants
Substances that act in the brainstem or spinal cord to produce tonic or clonic convulsions, often by removing normal inhibitory tone. They were formerly used to stimulate respiration or as antidotes to barbiturate overdose. They are now most commonly used as experimental tools. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

convulsion
<neurology> A violent involuntary contraction or series of contractions of the voluntary muscles. ... Origin: L. Convulsio, from convellere = to pull together ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

convulsions
Seizures manifested by discontinuous involuntary skeletal muscular contractions, either brief contractions repeated at short intervals or longer ones interrupted by intervals of muscular relaxation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

convulsions, febrile
Seizures occurring in young children during febrile episodes due to a low convulsive threshold. The convulsions are usually a self-limiting disorder after the age of 5 years. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

convulsive
Relating to convulsions; marked by or producing convulsions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

convulsive reflex
An incoordinated reflex in which muscles, even those opposing one another as in strychnine poisoning, contract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

convulsive seizure
Seizure with clonic or tonic-clonic motor activity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

convulsive state
Synonym for epilepsy ... <disease, neurology> The paroxysmal transient disturbances of brain function that may be manifested as episodic impairment or loss of consciousness, abnormal motor phenomena, psychic or sensory disturbances or perturbation of the autonomic nervous system. ... Symptoms are due to paroxysmal disturbance of the electrical …

convulsive therapy
The use of convulsive agents to influence favourably the course of a mental disorder. It is used primarily in the treatment of severe affective disorders and schizophrenia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

convulsive tic
Synonym for facial tic ... Involuntary twitching of the facial muscles, sometimes unilateral. ... Synonym: Bell's spasm, convulsive tic, facial spasm, histrionic spasm, mimic convulsion, mimic spasm, mimic tic, palmus, prosopospasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

COOH-terminal signal transamidase
<enzyme> Present in the endoplasmic reticulum; catalyses concomitant cleavage of the signal peptide of nascent proteins destined to be processed to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) and addition of the gpi anchor ... Registry number: EC 2.3.2.- ... Synonym: cooh-ts-transamidase, gpi transamidase, gpti transamidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cooing murmur
A murmur, usually of mitral regurgitation, of very high pitch resembling the cooing of a pigeon or a dove. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cooke, A Bennett
<person> U.S. Physician, *1869. ... See: Cooke's speculum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cooke's speculum
A three-pronged speculum for rectal examinations and operations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cookery
The art or practice of cooking. It includes the preparation of special foods for diets in various diseases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coolant
<radiobiology> Substance circulated through a device (including fusion reactors, fusion reactor magnets, etc.) to remove or transfer heat. Types commonly considered for fusion reactors include water, helium, and liquid metals such as sodium (Na). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cooled-knife method
The cutting of frozen sections with a knife cooled to a few degrees below the freezing point. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cooley, Thomas
<person> U.S. Paediatrician, 1871-1945. ... See: Cooley's anaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cooley's anaemia
<haematology> A genetic disease that results when there is a defect in the synthesis of one (or more) of the subunits of haemoglobin. The subunits are referred to as alpha or beta globin chains. As a result of a genetic defect red blood cells are small and hypochromic (low haemoglobin in the cell). Anaemia is common. Incidence is approximatel …

Coolidge tube
An X-ray tube, in which the cathode consists of a tungsten wire spiral surrounded by a focusing cup; the tungsten spiral is heated by an electric current; the quantity and quality of the X-rays so generated are regulated by varying the temperature of the cathode and the voltage between cathode and anode. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coolidge, William
<person> U.S. Physicist, 1873-1974. ... See: Coolidge tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coolie itch
Synonym for cutaneous ancylostomiasis ... Cutaneous larva migrans caused by larvae of hookworms. ... Synonym: ancylostoma dermatitis, ancylostomiasis cutis, coolie itch, dew itch, ground itch, swamp itch, swimmer's itch, toe itch, water itch, water sore. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coomassie blue
Stain commonly used non-specifically for proteins on gels. Recently renamed Kenacid Blue. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Coomassie brilliant blue R-250
A general protein stain used in electrophoresis because of its unusual sensitivity. ... Origin: originally, a proprietary name of Imperial Chemical; Coomassie (Kumasi), Ghana ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coombs murmur
Synonym for Carey Coombs murmur ... A blubbering apical middiastolic murmur occurring in the acute stage of rheumatic mitral valvulitis and disappearing as the valvulitis subsides. ... Synonym: Coombs murmur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coombs, Carey
<person> English physician, 1879-1932. ... See: Coombs murmur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coombs, Robin
<person> English veterinarian and immunologist, *1921. ... See: Gell and Coombs reactions, Coombs' serum, Coombs' test, direct Coombs' test, indirect Coombs' test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coombs' reaction
An immunological lab test to detect antibodies which attack the red blood cells of its own body (called autoantibodies). The test is important to the diagnosis of certain blood disorders. The test first reacts red blood cells with serum from the test individual, then with antibodies to the autoantibodies. If the autoantibodies exist, they will bind …

Coombs' serum
Synonym for antihuman globulin ... Serum from a rabbit or other animal previously immunised with purified human globulin to prepare antibodies directed against IgG and complement; used in the direct and indirect Coombs' tests. ... Synonym: Coombs' serum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coombs' test
Haemagglutination test in which coombs' reagent (antiglobulin, or anti-human globulin rabbit immune serum) is added to detect incomplete (non-agglutinating, univalent, blocking) antibodies coating erythrocytes. The direct test is applied to red cells which have been coated with antibody in vivo (e.g., in haemolytic disease of newborn, autoimmune ha …

coonhound paralysis
A polyradiculoneuritis of dogs (especially raccoon-hunting breeds) following a raccoon bite and characterised by weakness, hindlimb hyporeflexia, and a flaccid symmetrical tetraplegia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cooper, Sir Astley Paston
<person> English anatomist and surgeon, 1768-1841. ... See: Cooper's fascia, Cooper's hernia, Cooper's herniotome, Cooper's ligaments, suspensory ligaments of Cooper. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cooper's fascia
Synonym for cremasteric fascia ... H;one of the coverings of the spermatic cord, formed of delicate connective tissue and of muscular fibres derived from the internal oblique muscle (cremaster muscle). ... See: aponeurosis of internal abdominal oblique muscle. ... Synonym: fascia cremasterica, Cooper's fascia, Scarpa's sheath. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cooper's hernia
A femoral hernia with two sacs, the first being in the femoral canal, and the second passing through a defect in the superficial fascia and appearing immediately beneath the skin. ... Synonym: bilocular femoral hernia, Hey's hernia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cooper's herniotome
A slender bistoury with short cutting edge for dividing the constricting tissues at the neck of a hernial sac. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cooper's ligaments
Synonym for suspensory ligaments of breast ... Well developed retinacula cutis that extend from the fibrous stroma of the mammary gland to the overlying skin. ... Synonym: ligamenta suspensoria mammae, Cooper's ligaments, suspensory ligaments of Cooper. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cooperative behaviour
The interaction of two or more persons or organizations directed toward a common goal which is mutually beneficial. An act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit, i.e., joint action. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cooperative enzyme
<enzyme> An enzyme that exhibits the property of cooperativity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cooperative phenomena
<radiobiology> The effects of interacting particles acting collectively, rather than individually. Includes plasma oscillations, turbulence, and instabilities. (Plasmas are distinguished from collections of individual particles in that they exhibit cooperative phenomena in which the plasma participates as a unified entity.) Early fusion resea …

cooperativity
Phenomenon displayed by enzymes or receptors that have multiple binding sites. Binding of one ligand alters the affinity of the other site. Both positive and negative cooperativity are known, positive cooperativity gives rise to a sigmoidal binding curve. Cooperativity is often invoked to account for nonlinearity of binding data, although it is by …

cooperativity model
A model used to explain the property of cooperativity observed in certain enzymes; e.g., allosterism or hysteresis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cooperia
A genus of small, slender nematodes (family Trichostrongylidae) inhabiting the small intestine, rarely the abomasum, of ruminants; when fresh they are a bright pink colour; they produce serious effects only when present in large numbers. In partly immune animals, these worms become enclosed in nodules in the wall of the intestine; they are less pat …

Cooperia bisonis
Species that occurs in cattle, sheep, bison, and pronghorn antelopes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cooperia curticei
Species that occurs in sheep, goats, and wild deer in Europe, although cosmopolitan in distribution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cooperia fieldingi
Synonym for Cooperia punctata ... Species that occurs mainly in cattle, less commonly in sheep, water buffalo, and several wild ruminants; although worldwide in distribution, it is especially widespread in North America and common in Hawaii. ... Synonym: Cooperia fieldingi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cooperia oncophora
Species that occurs in cattle and domestic and wild sheep, but rarely in the horse; although worldwide in distribution, it is most common in the northern U.S. And Canada. ... Synonym: Strongylus radiatus, Strongylus ventricosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cooperia pectinata
Species that occurs in cattle, sheep, water buffalo, dromedary camels, and various wild ruminants; it is common in the southern U.S. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cooperia punctata
Species that occurs mainly in cattle, less commonly in sheep, water buffalo, and several wild ruminants; although worldwide in distribution, it is especially widespread in North America and common in Hawaii. ... Synonym: Cooperia fieldingi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cooperia spatulata
A species that occurs in cattle and sheep in the southern U.S., Kenya, Australia, and Malaysia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coopernail, George
<person> U.S. Surgeon, *1876. ... See: Coopernail's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coopernail's sign
<clinical sign> In fracture of the pelvis, occurrence of ecchymosis of the perineum and scrotum, or labia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cooperos ligaments
Flexible bands of tissue that pass from the chest muscle between the lobes of the breasts, providing shape and support the breasts. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

coordinate
1. Any of the scales or magnitudes that serve to define the position of a point. ... 2. To perform the act of coordination. ... Origin: see coordination ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coordinate convulsion
A clonic convulsion in which the movements are seemingly purposeful, being exaggerations of those that may occur naturally. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coordinate covalent bond
Synonym for semipolar bond ... A bond in which the two electrons shared by a pair of atoms belonged originally to only one of the atoms; often represented by a small arrow pointing toward the electron receiver; e.g., nitric acid, O(OH)N&rarr;O; phosphoric acid, (OH)3P&rarr;O. ... Synonym: coordinate covalent bond. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coordinate regulation
The expression of many different genes at once. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

coordinated enzyme synthesis
The regulatory mechanism where an entire group of different enzymes, all of which play a part in the same metabolic process, is synthesised at the same time. This comes about because the chemical signal to begin synthesis of each enzyme is the same for all of them. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

coordinated reflex
A reflex in which several muscles take part in the performance of a purposeful act. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coordination
The harmonious functioning of interrelated organs and parts, applied especially to the process of the motor apparatus of the brain which provides for the co-working of particular groups of muscles for the performance of definite adaptive useful responses. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

CopA ATPase
<enzyme> A p-type cation-transporting atpase involved in copper homeostasis in enterococcus hirae; exhibits sequence similarity to copb (atpase) and human mc1 protein; 727 amino acids, mw 87 kD ... Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

copaiba
The oleoresin of Copaifera officinalis and other species of Copaifera (family Leguminosae), a South American plant; copaiba oil is used as an expectorant, diuretic, and stimulant. ... Synonym: balsam of copaiba. ... Origin: Sp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coparaffinate
A mixture of water-insoluble isoparaffinic acids partially neutralised with isooctyl hydroxybenzyldialkyl amines; used as an antifungal agent for external application. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

copayment
A provision by which the insured individual shares in the cost of certain expenses. The same as coinsurance. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

CopB ATPase
<enzyme> A p-type cation-transporting atpase involved in copper homeostasis in enterococcus hirae; exhibits sequence similarity to copa (atpase) and human mc1 protein; 745 amino acids, mw 93 kD ... Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

copd
A progressive disease process that most commonly results from smoking. COPD is characterised by difficulty breathing, wheezing and a chronic cough. ... Treatment includes absolute avoidance from smoking, bronchodilators and oxygen for those with advanced disease. Complications include bronchitis, pneumonia and lung cancer. ... See: emphysema. ... (27 …

cope
1. The upper half of a flask in the casting art; hence applicable to the upper or cavity side of a denture flask. ... 2. An act that enables one to adjust to the environmental circumstances. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cope, Sir Vincent
<person> English surgeon, 1881-1974. ... See: Cope's clamp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cope's clamp
A clamp used in excision of colon and rectum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

copepod
Any member of the order Copepoda. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Copepoda
An order of abundant, free-living, freshwater and marine crustaceans of basic importance in the aquatic food chain in both the marine and freshwater environments; some species are commonly called water fleas. Some are ectoparasites of both cold-blooded and warm-blooded aquatic vertebrates; the parasitic copepods of fish and whales are often highly …

copia element
A group of transposons whose base sequences are closely related to each other, found in the genome of the fruit fly genus Drosophila. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

copia elements
A mobile genetic element with retrovirus-like sequence organization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coping
1. A thin metal covering or cap. ... 2. An adaptive or otherwise successful method of dealing with individual or environmental situations that involve psychologic or physiologic stress or threat. ... Transfer coping, in dentistry, a metallic, acrylic resin or other covering or cap used to position a die in an impression. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

copolymer
A synthetic nucleic acid chain composed of only two nucleotide bases, arranged either in random order (if chain is DNA) or in alternating order (if chain is RNA). ... A polymer that was made by simultaneously polymerising two or more different monomers. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

copolymer resin
Synthetic resin produced by joint polymerization of two or more different monomers or polymers. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

copper
<chemical> A trace element with the atomic symbol cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63. It is essential in nutrition, being a component of various proteins, including ceruloplasmin, erythrocuprein, cytochrome c oxidase, tyrosinase, etc. Deficiency, which is rare, may result in hypochromic microcytic anaemia, neutropenia, and bone change …

copper arsenite
Synonym for cupric arsenite ... CuHAsO3;a poisonous green crystalline powder, obsolete as a medicinal agent; now used as an insecticide and pigment. ... Synonym: copper arsenite, Scheele's green. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

copper bichloride
Synonym for cupric chloride ... CuCl2-2H2O;has been used as an antiseptic in the treatment of water supplies, ponds, and pools. ... Synonym: copper bichloride, copper chloride, copper dichloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

copper cataract
chalcosis lentis ...

copper chloride
Synonym for cupric chloride ... CuCl2-2H2O;has been used as an antiseptic in the treatment of water supplies, ponds, and pools. ... Synonym: copper bichloride, copper chloride, copper dichloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

copper citrate
Synonym for cupric citrate ... A salt of copper used as an astringent and antiseptic. ... Synonym: copper citrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

copper colic
An affection similar to lead colic occurring in chronic poisoning by copper. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

copper dichloride
Synonym for cupric chloride ... CuCl2-2H2O;has been used as an antiseptic in the treatment of water supplies, ponds, and pools. ... Synonym: copper bichloride, copper chloride, copper dichloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

copper nose
Synonym for rhinophyma ... A manifestation of severe acne rosacea resulting in significant enlargement of the nose and occurring primarily in men. It is caused by hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands and surrounding connective tissue. The nose is reddened and marked with numerous telangiectasias. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

copper pennies
Synonym for sclerotic bodies ... Vegetative rounded muriform cells of dematiaceous fungi, characteristic of the causal agents of chromoblastomycosis in tissue. ... Synonym: copper pennies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

copper phosphate cement
A dental preparation, the combination of a solution of orthophosphoric acid with a cement powder (usually zinc oxide) modified with varying proportions of copper oxide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

copper protein
A protein containing one or more copper ions; e.g., cytochrome c oxidase, phenol oxidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...