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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

cosmic dust
<astronomy> Finely divided solid matter with particle sizes smaller than a micrometeorite, thus with diameters much smaller than a millimeter, moving in interplanetary space. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cosmic radiation
<radiobiology> High-energy radiation or particles from extraterrestrial space that strike the earth, its atmosphere, or spacecraft and may create secondary radiation as a result of collisions with the atmosphere or spacecraft. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cosmic rays
<radiobiology> High velocity particles of enormous energies, bombarding earth from outer space. ... It consists of protons and more complex atomic nuclei that, on striking the atmosphere, give rise to neutrons, mesons, and other less energetic radiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cosmid
<molecular biology> An artificially constructed type of bacteriophage lambda cloning vector containing the cos gene of phage lambda. ... Cosmids can be packaged in lambda phage particles for infection into E. Coli, this permits cloning of larger DNA fragments (up to 45 kb) than can be introduced into bacterial hosts in plasmid vectors. ... They …

cosmid map
<molecular biology> A physical map that includes a collection of bacteria containing cosmids that carry the DNA fragments under study. ... (10 Nov 1998) ...

cosmopolitan
In the biological sciences, a term denoting worldwide distribution. ... Origin: G. Kosmos, universe, + polis, city-state ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cost allocation
The assignment, to each of several particular cost-centres, of an equitable proportion of the costs of activities that serve all of them. Cost-centre usually refers to institutional departments or services. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cost control
The containment, regulation, or restraint of costs. Costs are said to be contained when the value of resources committed to an activity is not considered excessive. This determination is frequently subjective and dependent upon the specific geographic area of the activity being measured. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cost of illness
The personal cost of acute or chronic disease. The cost to the patient may be an economic, social, or psychological cost or loss to himself, his family, or community. The cost of illness may be reflected in absenteeism, productivity, response to treatment, peace of mind, quality of life, etc. It differs from health care costs in that this concept i …

cost savings
Reductions in all or any portion of the costs of providing goods or services. Savings may be incurred by the provider or the consumer. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cost sharing
Provisions of an insurance policy that require the insured to pay some portion of covered expenses. Several forms of sharing are in use, e.g., deductibles, coinsurance, and copayments. Cost sharing does not refer to or include amounts paid in premiums for the coverage. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cost-benefit analysis
A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to …

cost-effective
A term describing a resource that is available within the time it is needed and is able to meet or reduce electrical power demand at an estimated incremental system cost no greater than that of the least-costly, similarly reliable and available alternative. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

costa
<microbiology> Rod shaped intracellular organelle lying below the undulating membrane of Trichomonas. ... Generates active bending associated with local loss of birefringence at the bending zone, probably as a result of conformational change in the longitudinal lamellae. Major protein approximately 90 kD. ... (10 Nov 1998) ...

costa cervicalis
Synonym for cervical rib ... A rib which arises from the seventh cervical vertebrae (above the normal first rib). Occurs in only about 0.5% of people. May cause nerve and artery problems. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

costae fluctuantes
Synonym for floating ribs ... The two lower ribs on either side that are not attached anteriorly. ... Synonym: costae fluitantes, costae fluctuantes, vertebral ribs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costae fluitantes
Synonym for floating ribs ... The two lower ribs on either side that are not attached anteriorly. ... Synonym: costae fluitantes, costae fluctuantes, vertebral ribs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costae spuriae
Synonym for false rib ... <anatomy> Five lower ribs on either side that do not articulate with the sternum directly. ... Synonym: costae spuriae, vertebrochondral ribs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costae verae
Synonym for true ribs ... Seven upper ribs on either side whose cartilages articulate directly with the sternum. ... Synonym: costae verae, vertebrosternal ribs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal
<anatomy> Pertaining to the ribs. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

costal angle
The rather abrupt change in curvature of the body of a rib posteriorly, such that the neck and head of the rib are directed upward. ... Synonym: angulus costae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal arch
That portion of the inferior aperture of the thorax formed by the articulated cartilages of the seventh to tenth (false) ribs. ... Synonym: arcus costalis, arcus costarum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal arch reflex
Contraction of the rectus abdominis muscle by tapping the costal margin inside the mammary line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal cartilage
The cartilage forming the anterior continuation of a rib, providing the means by which it reaches and articulates with the sternum. ... Synonym: cartilago costalis, costicartilage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal chondritis
Synonym for costochondritis ... <pathology> A condition that is caused by inflammation of the costochondral joints. This is perceived as chest pain with tenderness to one or both sides of the sternum (breast bone). Chest pains are often worse when taking a deep breath or moving the chest wall. ... Treatment includes warm, wet compresses to the …

costal facets
Articular surface on a vertebra for articulation with a rib. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal fringe
An irregularly disposed collection of visible veins seen in the skin of people usually of or past middle age; it has no specific connection with any deep structure, such as the diaphragm, and no necessary connection with underlying visceral disease. ... Synonym: zona corona. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal groove
A groove in the lower inner border of the rib, lodging the intercostal vessels and nerve. ... Synonym: sulcus costae, subcostal groove. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal groove for subclavian artery
<anatomy, artery> A groove immediately posterior to the scalene tubercle on the upper surface of the first rib across which the subclavian artery passes. ... Synonym: sulcus costae arteriae subclaviae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal margin
The lower edge of the chest (thorax) formed by the bottom edge of the rib cage. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

costal notch
One of the notches or facets on the lateral edge of the sternum for articulation with a costal cartilage. ... Synonym: incisura costalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal part of diaphragm
The part of the diaphragm that arises from the inner aspect of the lower six costal cartilages and the lower four ribs and inserts on the anterolateral part of the central tendon. ... Synonym: pars costalis diaphragmatis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal pit of transverse process
Synonym for transverse costal facet ... A facet on the transverse process of a vertebra for articulation with the tubercle of a rib. ... Synonym: fovea costalis processus transversi, costal pit of transverse process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal pleura
The layer of parietal pleura lining the chest walls. ... Synonym: pleura costalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura lining the thoracic walls. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal process
An apophysis extending laterally from the transverse process of a lumbar vertebra; it is the homologue of the rib. ... Synonym: processus costalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal respiration
Synonym for thoracic respiration ... Respiration effected chiefly by the action of the intercostal and other muscles that raise the ribs, causing expansion of the chest. ... Synonym: costal respiration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal surface
The surface of certain structures that face the ribs; they are the lungs and the scapula. ... Synonym: facies costalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal surface of lung
The surface of each lung that lies in contact with the costal pleura. ... Synonym: facies costalis pulmonis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal surface of scapula
The concave aspect of the body of the scapula that faces the thorax and that principally lodges the subscapularis muscle. ... Synonym: facies costalis scapulae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costal tuberosity
Synonym for impression for costoclavicular ligament ... <anatomy> An irregular pitted area on the inferior surface of the clavicle at its sternal end, giving attachment to the costoclavicular ligament. ... Synonym: impressio ligamenti costoclavicularis, costal tuberosity, rhomboid impression, tuberositas costalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costalgia
Synonym: pleurodynia. ... Origin: L. Costa, rib, + G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costamere
<cell biology> Regular periodic sub membranous arrays of vinculin in muscle cells, link sarcomeres to the membrane and are associated with links to extracellular matrix. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

costectomy
<procedure> Excision of a rib. ... Origin: L. Costa, rib, + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Costen
James B., U.S. Otolaryngologist, 1895-1962. ... See: Costen's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Costen's syndrome
<syndrome> A symptom complex of loss of hearing, otalgia, tinnitus, dizziness, headache, and burning sensation of the throat, tongue, and side of the nose; originally attributed to temporomandibular joint dysfunction resulting from occlusal disharmony, but currently recognised as not being well founded on anatomic and physiologic principles.< …

costicartilage
Synonym for costal cartilage ... The cartilage forming the anterior continuation of a rib, providing the means by which it reaches and articulates with the sternum. ... Synonym: cartilago costalis, costicartilage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costiform
Rib-shaped. ... Origin: L. Costa, rib, + forma, form ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costive
Pertaining to or causing constipation. ... Origin: contraction from L. Constipo, to press together ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costiveness
Synonym for constipation ... <gastroenterology> Infrequent or difficult evacuation of the faeces. ... Origin: L. Constipatio = a crowding together ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

costo-
The ribs. ... Origin: L. Costa, rib ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costoaxillary vein
<anatomy, vein> One of a number of anastomotic vein's connecting the intercostal vein's of the first to seventh intercostal spaces with the lateral thoracic or the thoracoepigastric vein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costocentral
Synonym for costovertebral ... Relating to the ribs and the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae with which they articulate. ... Synonym: costocentral, vertebrocostal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costocervical artery
Synonym for costocervical trunk ... A short artery that arises from the subclavian artery on each side and divides into deep cervical and superior intercostal branches, the latter dividing usually to form the first and second posterior intercostal arteries. ... Synonym: truncus costocervicalis, costocervical artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costocervical trunk
A short artery that arises from the subclavian artery on each side and divides into deep cervical and superior intercostal branches, the latter dividing usually to form the first and second posterior intercostal arteries. ... Synonym: truncus costocervicalis, costocervical artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costochondral
Relating to the costal cartilages. ... Synonym: chondrocostal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costochondral joint
The cartilaginous joint between the sternal end of a rib and the lateral end of a costal cartilage. ... Synonym: articulatio costochondralis, costochondral junction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costochondral junction
<anatomy> The point where the ribs articulate with the sternum (cartilaginous articulation). ... (10 Nov 1998) ...

costochondral syndrome
<syndrome> Pain in the chest with tenderness over one or more costochondral junctions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costochondritis
<pathology> A condition that is caused by inflammation of the costochondral joints. This is perceived as chest pain with tenderness to one or both sides of the sternum (breast bone). Chest pains are often worse when taking a deep breath or moving the chest wall. ... Treatment includes warm, wet compresses to the anterior chest wall and oral an …

costoclavicular
Relating to the ribs and the clavicle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costoclavicular ligament
<anatomy> The ligament that connects the first rib and the clavicle near its sternal end; limits elavation of shoulder (at sternoclavicular joint). ... Synonym: ligamentum costoclaviculare, rhomboid ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costoclavicular line
Synonym for parasternal line ... A vertical line equidistant from the sternal and midclavicular lines. ... Synonym: linea parasternalis, costoclavicular line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costoclavicular syndrome
<syndrome> One of the forerunners of thoracic outlet syndrome, in which the subclavian artery and vein and, on later reports, the brachial plexus, was thought to be compressed between the clavicle and normal first rib, with the assumption of certain body postures, e.g., the military brace position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costocolic ligament
Synonym for phrenicocolic ligament ... <anatomy> A triangular fold of peritoneum attached to the left flexure of the colon and to the diaphragm, on which rests the inferior pole or extremity of the spleen. ... Synonym: ligamentum phrenicocolicum, costocolic ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costocoracoid
Relating to the ribs and the coracoid process of the scapula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costodiaphragmatic recess
The cleftlike extension of the pleural cavity between the diaphragm and the rib cage; pleural effusions collect here when in the upright position, and since the lung only partially enters, this is the site of thoracocentesis. ... Synonym: recessus costodiaphragmaticus, phrenicocostal sinus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costogenic
Arising from a rib. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costoinferior
Relating to the lower ribs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costomediastinal recess
The recess of the pleural cavity between the costal cartilages and the mediastinum. ... Synonym: recessus costomediastinalis, costomediastinal sinus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costomediastinal sinus
Synonym for costomediastinal recess ... The recess of the pleural cavity between the costal cartilages and the mediastinum. ... Synonym: recessus costomediastinalis, costomediastinal sinus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costopectoral reflex
Synonym for pectoral reflex ... Contraction of the pectoralis major muscle elicited by tapping the seventh rib between the anterior and the medial axillary lines while the arm is abducted; contraction of the deltoid and biceps may also occur. ... Synonym: costopectoral reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costophrenic angle
Costophrenic sulcus as seen on chest radiograph. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costophrenic septal lines
Synonym for Kerley B lines ... Fine peripheral septal lines. ... Synonym: costophrenic septal lines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costophrenic sulcus
The recess between the ribs and the lateral-most portion of the diaphragm, partially occupied by the most caudal part of the lung; seen on radiographs as the costophrenic angle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costoscapular
Relating to the ribs and the scapula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costoscapularis
Synonym for serratus anterior ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, from centre of lateral aspect of first eight to nine ribs; insertion, superior and inferior angles and intervening medial margin of scapula; action, rotates scapula and pulls it forward, elevates ribs; nerve supply, long thoracic from brachial plexus. ... Synonym: musculus serratus ant …

costosternal
Pertaining to the ribs and the sternum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costosternoplasty
Operation to correct a malformation of the anterior chest wall. ... Origin: costo-+ G. Sternon, chest, + plastos, formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costosuperior
Relating to the upper ribs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costotome
An instrument, knife or shears, designed for cutting through a rib. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costotomy
<procedure> Division of a rib. ... Origin: costo-+ G. Tome, a cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costotransverse
Relating to the ribs and the transverse processes of the vertebrae articulating with them. ... Synonym: transversocostal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costotransverse foramen
An opening between the neck of a rib and the transverse process of a vertebra, occupied by the costotransverse ligament. ... Synonym: foramen costotransversarium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costotransverse joint
The synovial articulation between the neck and tubercle of a rib and the transverse process of a vertebra. ... Synonym: articulatio costotransversaria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costotransverse ligament
<anatomy> The ligament that connects the dorsal aspect of the neck of a rib to the ventral aspect of the corresponding transverse process. ... Synonym: ligamentum costotransversarium, ligamentum colli costae, middle costotransverse ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costotransversectomy
<procedure> Excision of a proximal portion of a rib and the articulating transverse process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costovertebral
Relating to the ribs and the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae with which they articulate. ... Synonym: costocentral, vertebrocostal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costovertebral joints
The synovial joints uniting ribs and vertebrae; they consist of the articulatio capitis costae and the articulatio costotransversaria. ... Synonym: articulationes costovertebrales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costoxiphoid
Relating to the ribs and the xiphoid cartilage of the sternum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costoxiphoid ligament
<anatomy> The ligament that connects the xiphoid process to the seventh, and often to the sixth, costal cartilages. ... Synonym: ligamentum costoxiphoideum, chondroxiphoid ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

costs and cost analysis
Absolute, comparative, or differential costs pertaining to services, institutions, resources, etc., or the analysis and study of these costs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cosubstrate
The second or other substrate of a multisubstrate enzyme; often, specifically refers to the coenzyme. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cosyntropin
<chemical> Alpha(1-24)-corticotropin. A synthetic polypeptide with adrenocorticotropic activity. ... Chemical name: alpha1-24-Corticotropin ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cot death
Synonym for sudden infant death syndrome ... <syndrome> May affect infants of any age, but some risk factors have been identified: term infants who have had a life-threatening period of apnoea (not breathing), premature infants of low birth weight, siblings of infants who have succumbed to sudden infant death syndrome and infants of substance …

Cotard
Jules, French neurologist, 1840-1887. ... See: Cotard's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cotard's syndrome
<syndrome> Psychotic depression involving delusion of the existence of one's body, along with ideas of negation and suicidal impulses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cotarnine
An alkaloidal principle, C12H15NO4, derived from narcotine by oxidation; an astringent. ... Origin: anagram of narcotine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

COTe
Abbreviation of cathodal opening tetanus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cote d'ivoire
A republic in western africa, south of mali and burkina faso. Its capital is abidjan. It was formerly called ivory coast. From 1842 the french had a treaty with the native rulers. By 1889 a french protectorate was established and in 1893 it was made a colony. Cote d'ivoire achieved self-government in 1958 and became an independent republic in 1960. …