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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


cortical nephrocalcinosis
<radiology> Acute cortical necrosis (secondary to hypotensive episode), postpartum necrosis, primary oxalosis, chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic transplant rejection see also: renal calcification ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cortical osteitis
Periostitis with involvement of the superficial layer of bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cortical part
Synonym for pars corticalis ... cortical part ...

cortical reaction
The reaction of an egg cell to fertilization which changes its surface cell membrane and prevents additional sperm cells from entering (among other things). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cortical sensibility
The integration of sensory stimuli by the cerebral cortex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cortical substance
Synonym for cortical bone ... The superficial thin layer of compact bone. ... Synonym: substantia corticalis, cortical substance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cortical vesicle
A vesicle, or membrane-bound bubble, in an animal egg cell that releases proteases and other enzymes immediately after fertilization, chiefly to change the egg's surface cell membrane so that no more sperm cells can enter. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

corticalization
In phylogenesis, the migration of function from subcortical centres to the cortex. ... Synonym: encephalization, telencephalization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticalosteotomy
<procedure> An osteotomy through the cortex at the base of the dentoalveolar segment, which serves to weaken the resistance of the bone to the application of orthodontic forces. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticectomy
<procedure> Removal of a specific portion of the cerebral cortex. ... Origin: cortic-+ G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cortices
Plural of cortex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticifugal
Passing in a direction away from the outer surface; denoting especially nerve fibres conveying impulses away from the cerebral cortex. ... Synonym: corticoefferent, corticofugal. ... Origin: L. Cortex, rind, bark, + fugio, to flee ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticipetal
<physiology> Passing in a direction toward the outer surface; denoting nerve fibres conveying impulses toward the cerebral cortex. ... Synonym: corticoafferent. ... Origin: L. Cortex, rind, bark, + peto, to seek ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticoafferent
Synonym for corticipetal ... <physiology> Passing in a direction toward the outer surface; denoting nerve fibres conveying impulses toward the cerebral cortex. ... Synonym: corticoafferent. ... Origin: L. Cortex, rind, bark, + peto, to seek ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticobulbar fibre
<physiology> Nerve fibre's projecting from the motor and somatic sensory cortex to the rhombencephalon. ... Included in this corticofugal fibre system are corticoreticular fibre's terminating in the reticular formation of the rhombencephalon, and corticonuclear fibre's to the motor nuclei innervating the musculature of the face, tongue, and ja …

corticobulbar tract
<physiology> Collective term for those fibres (corticonuclear fibres) which separate from the corticospinal tract in the course of the latter's descent through the pons and medulla oblongata. ... Fibres of this tract innervate the motor nuclei of the trigeminal, facial, and hypoglossal nerves (perhaps also the nucleus ambiguus), directly and b …

corticocerebellum
Synonym for neocerebellum ... Phylogenetic term referring to the larger lateral portion of the cerebellar hemisphere receiving its dominant input from the pontine nuclei which, in turn, are dominated by afferent nerves originating from all parts of the cerebral cortex; phylogenetically, of more recent origin than the archicerebellum and paleocerebel …

corticoefferent
Synonym for corticifugal ... Passing in a direction away from the outer surface; denoting especially nerve fibres conveying impulses away from the cerebral cortex. ... Synonym: corticoefferent, corticofugal. ... Origin: L. Cortex, rind, bark, + fugio, to flee ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticofugal
Synonym for corticifugal ... Passing in a direction away from the outer surface; denoting especially nerve fibres conveying impulses away from the cerebral cortex. ... Synonym: corticoefferent, corticofugal. ... Origin: L. Cortex, rind, bark, + fugio, to flee ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticoid
1. Having an action similar to that of a hormone of the adrenal cortex. ... 2. Any substance exhibiting this action. ... Synonym: corticosteroid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticoliberin
Synonym for corticotropin-releasing hormone ... <endocrinology, physiology> A neuropeptide released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary gland. ... Chemical name: Corticotropin-releasing factor ... Synonym: corticoliberin, corticotropin releasing factor. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

corticomedial
Cortical and medial; specifically used to refer to one of the two major cytological divisions of the amygdaloid complex. ... See: corpus amygdaloideum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticonuclear fibre
<physiology> Descriptive term connotating fibres from a cortical structure (cerebral or cerebellar) passing to subcortical cell groups; fibres comprising the tractus corticobulbaris; cerebellar corticonuclear fibres (Purkinje cell axons to the cerebellar nuclei). ... Synonym: fibrae corticonucleares. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticopontine fibre
<physiology> The fibres that compose the corticopontine tract. ... Synonym: fibrae corticopontinae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticopontine tract
<anatomy, physiology> Collective term for the multitude of fibres which, originating in all of the major subdivisions of the cerebral cortex, descend in the internal capsule and crus cerebri to terminate in the nuclei of the ventral part of the pons. ... Individual components of this massive fibre system are indicated, according to their origi …

corticoreticular fibre
<physiology> Corticofugal fibres distributed to the reticular formation of the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. ... See: corticobulbar fibres. ... Synonym: fibrae corticoreticulares. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticorubral fibre
<physiology> Nerve fibres projecting from the cerebral cortex (primarily precentral and premotor regions) to the red nucleus of the midbrain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticospinal fibres
Synonym for pyramidal fibres ... The fibres that compose the pyramidal tract (corticospinalis). ... Synonym: fibrae corticospinales, corticospinal fibres, fibrae pyramidales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticospinal tract
Synonym for pyramidal tract ... A massive bundle of fibres originating from pyramidal cells of various sizes in the fifth layer of the precentral motor (area 4), the premotor area (area 6), and to a lesser extent from the postcentral gyrus. Cells of origin in area 4 include the gigantopyramidal cells of Betz. Fibres from these cortical regions desce …

corticostatin
<endocrinology, physiology> Name given to some defensins because they inhibit corticotropin induced corticosteroid production. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

corticosteroid
<drug, endocrinology, pharmacology> Any of the steroids elaborated by the adrenal cortex (excluding the sex hormones of adrenal origin) in response to the release of adrenocorticotrophin or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the pituitary gland, to any of the synthetic equivalents of these steroids or to angiotensin II. ... They are divided …

corticosteroid cream
<drug, pharmacology> This is a large group of trade name medications that contain an anti-inflammatory steroid. These cream based medications all contain either hydrocortisone in varying concentrations or a synthetic steroid with much greater potency. This type of medications is useful in the treatment of a large number of inflammatory rashes …

corticosteroid side-chain-isomerase
<enzyme> Converts 11-deoxycorticosterone to 20-hydroxy-3-oxypregn-4-en-21-al; also acts as an epimerase at c-20 ... Registry number: EC 5.3.1.21 ... Synonym: corticosteroid side chain isomerase, ccsci ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

corticosteroid-binding globulin
Synonym for transcortin ... <chemical> Chemical name: Transcortins ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

corticosteroid-binding protein
Synonym for transcortin ... <chemical> Chemical name: Transcortins ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

corticosteroid-induced acne
The exacerbation of acne after corticosteroid use is a common drug reaction seen in adolescents. Lessening the dose of the corticosteroid will often diminish this effect. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

corticosteroid-induced glaucoma
<ophthalmology> Glaucoma caused by a hereditary predisposition in which local instillation of eyedrops containing corticosteroid causes increased intraocular pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticosteroid-induced striae
<dermatology> High-dose glucocorticoid therapy causes atrophy of the skin and a failure of the normal regenerative process. Purple striae often develop over the individual's trunk or thighs. The colour fades when the drug is stopped, but the dermal atrophy remains. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

corticosteroids
A group of synthetic hormones including prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone and dexamethasone used in the treatment of some leukaemias and also to suppress graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease following bone marrow transplant. Side effects include an increased risk of infection. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

corticosterone
<chemical> An adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. ... Pharmacological action: steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. ... Chemical name: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, 11,21-dihydroxy-, (11beta)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

corticosterone 15alpha-hydroxylase
<enzyme> Use of cytochrome p-450coh in which phe209 is replaced by asn gives the cytochrome p-450coh a high corticosterone 15alpha hydroxylase activity instead of a coumarin hydroxylase activity ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... Synonym: co 15-hydroxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

corticothalamic
Pertaining to cortex and thalamus; the term is applied to fibres projecting from the cerebral cortex to the thalamus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticothalamic fibres
A general term designating nerve fibres originating from any area of the cerebral cortex and terminating in the nuclei of the thalamus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticotroph
A cell of the adenohypophysis that produces adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corticotrophic adenoma
<oncology, tumour> ACTH-secreting tumour, posterior lobe of the pituitary (central location), usually less than 5mm. ... See: Cushing disease, pituitary adenoma. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

corticotrophin
Synonym for adrenocorticotropin ... adrenocorticotropic hormone ...

corticotrophin releasing factor
adrenocorticotrophin ...

corticotropic hormone
Synonym for adrenocorticotropic hormone ... The hormone of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis which governs the nutrition and growth of the adrenal cortex, stimulates it to functional activity, and also possesses extraadrenal adipokinetic activity; it is a polypeptide containing 39 amino acids, but exact structure varies from one species to another …

corticotropin
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a normal by-product of the anterior pituitary gland acts by controlling the secretion of the adrenal hormone, cortisol. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

corticotropin-releasing factor
Synonym for corticotropin-releasing hormone ... <endocrinology, physiology> A neuropeptide released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary gland. ... Chemical name: Corticotropin-releasing factor ... Synonym: corticoliberin, corticotropin releasing factor. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

corticotropin-releasing hormone
<endocrinology, physiology> A neuropeptide released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary gland. ... Chemical name: Corticotropin-releasing factor ... Synonym: corticoliberin, corticotropin releasing factor. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

corticoviridae
<virology> A family of icosahedral, lipid-containing, non-enveloped bacteriophages containing one genus (corticovirus). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cortin
Synonym for corticosteroid ... <drug, endocrinology, pharmacology> Any of the steroids elaborated by the adrenal cortex (excluding the sex hormones of adrenal origin) in response to the release of adrenocorticotrophin or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the pituitary gland, to any of the synthetic equivalents of these steroids or to angio …

cortisol
<hormone> The major adrenal glucocorticoid, stimulates conversion of proteins to carbohydrates, raises blood sugar levels and promotes glycogen storage in the liver. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cortisol acetate
Synonym for hydrocortisone acetate ... Hydrocortisone 21-acetate;similar actions and uses as hydrocortisone. ... Synonym: cortisol acetate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cortisol delta 4-reductase
<enzyme> Forms 5 alpha-dihydrocortisol& 5 beta-dihydrocortisol ... Registry number: EC 1.3.1.- ... Synonym: cortisol delta(4)-hydrogenase, cortisol delta(4)-5 beta-reductase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cortisol lyase
<enzyme> Hydrocortisone is converted to 11beta-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione ... Registry number: EC 4.1.2.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cortisol suppression test
<investigation> A test that measures the response of the adrenal glands to ACTH. In this case, dexamethasone is given to the patient and then blood cortisol levels are measured. Under normal conditions, cortisol levels should drop in response to dexamethasone. In this test one milligram of dexamethasone is administered in the morning and then …

cortisone
Derived from cortisol and with similar physiological actions. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cortisone reductase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the interconversion of a ketone and hydroxy group at c-20 of cortisone and other 17,20,21-trihydroxy steroids. ... Chemical name: 3 alpha(or 20 beta)-Hydroxysteroid:NAD+ oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.53 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cortodoxone
<chemical> 17,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities. ... Chemical name: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, 17,21-dihydroxy- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

corundum
Native crystalline aluminum oxide. ... Origin: Hind. Kurand ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coruscation
<symptom> Rarely used psychiatric term for a subjective sensation of a flash of light before the eyes. ... Origin: L. Corusco, to flash ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Corvisart des Marets
Baron Jean N., French clinician, 1755-1821. ... See: Corvisart's facies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Corvisart's facies
<cardiology, clinical sign> The characteristic facies seen in cardiac insufficiency or aortic regurgitation; a swollen, purplish, cyanotic face with shiny eyes and puffy eyelids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corymb
<plant biology> A racemose inflorescence in which the pedicels of the lower flowers are longer than those of the flowers above, bringing all flowers to about the same level. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

corymbiform
<dermatology> Denoting the flower-like clustering configuration of skin lesions in granulomatous diseases (e.g., syphilis, tuberculosis). ... Origin: L. Corymbus, cluster, garland ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corymbose syphilid
<dermatology> A secondary syphilitic eruption consisting of a large central papule surrounded by a more or less complete ring of smaller papules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Corynebacteria
<bacteria> Genus of gram-positive nonmotile rod like bacteria, often with a club shaped appearance. most are facultative anaerobes with some similarities to mycobacteria and nocardiae. ... Corynebacteria diphtheriae is the causative agent of diphtheria and produces a potent exotoxin diphtheria toxin. ... Coryneform bacteria, common name for non …

corynebacteriophage
<microbiology> Any one of the bacteriophages specific for corynebacteria. ... B corynebacteriophage, a DNA-containing bacteriophage that induces toxigenicity in strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that are lysogenic for its prophage. ... Synonym: b phage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corynebacterium
<bacteria, microbiology> A genus of asporogenous bacteria that is widely distributed in nature. Its organisms appear as straight to slightly curved rods and are known to be human and animal parasites and pathogens. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Corynebacterium acnes
Former name for Propionibacterium acnes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Corynebacterium bovis
<bacteria> A nonpathogenic species of bacteria found in freshly drawn cow's milk. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corynebacterium diphtheriae
<bacteria> A species of gram-positive, asporogenous bacteria in which three cultural types are recognised. These types (gravis, intermedius, and mitis) were originally given in accordance with the clinical severity of the cases from which the different strains were most frequently isolated. This species is the causative agent of diphtheria.
Corynebacterium enzymicum
<bacteria> A species found in human lungs, blood, and joints; pathogenic for laboratory animals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Corynebacterium equi
Synonym for rhodococcus equi ... A species of rhodococcus found in soil, herbivore dung, and in the intestinal tract of cows, horses, sheep, and pigs. It causes bronchopneumonia in foals and can be responsible for infection in humans compromised by immunosuppressive drug therapy, lymphoma, or aids. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Corynebacterium haemolyticum
<bacteria> Former name for Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Corynebacterium hofmannii
<bacteria> Former name for Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corynebacterium infections
<microbiology> Infections with bacteria of the genus corynebacterium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Corynebacterium kutscheri
<bacteria> A species pathogenic to mice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Corynebacterium minutissimum
<bacteria> A species that causes erythrasma in humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Corynebacterium murisepticum
<bacteria> A species which causes septicaemia in mice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Corynebacterium ovis
<bacteria> Former name for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Corynebacterium parvum
<bacteria> Former name for Propionibacterium acnes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Corynebacterium phocae
<bacteria> A species found in an erysipelas occurring in the transition between the corium and the blubber of seals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
<bacteria> A species of gram-positive, asporogenous bacteria that was originally isolated from necrotic areas in the kidney of a sheep. It may cause ulcerative lymphangitis, abscesses, and other chronic purulent infections in sheep, horses, and other warm-blooded animals. Human disease may form from contact with infected animals. ... (12 Dec 1 …

corynebacterium pyogenes
<bacteria> A species of corynebacterium isolated from abscesses of warm-blooded animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Corynebacterium renale
<bacteria> A species of bacteria which occurs in purulent infections of the urinary tract in cattle, sheep, horses, and dogs; is pathogenic to laboratory animals; causes ulcerative posthitis in sheep and goats. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Corynebacterium striatum
<bacteria> A species found in nasal mucus and in the throat; also found in udders of cows with mastitis; pathogenic to laboratory animals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Corynebacterium xerosis
<bacteria> A species found in normal and diseased conjunctiva; there is no evidence that this organism is pathogenic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coryza
A runny nose. The word coryza came from the Greek koryza thought to have been compounded from kara , head + zeein , to boil = boiling over from the head. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Coryzavirus
<virology> Former name for Rhinovirus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

COS cell
<cell culture> A cell line derived from the african green monkey and used for transfection and cloning. The cells are simian fibroblasts (CV 1 cells) transformed by SV40 that is deficient in the origin of replication region. ... They express large T antigen constitutively and if transfected with a vector containing a normal SV40 origin have al …

cos site
<molecular biology> A 12-nucleotide bases-long segment of single stranded DNA that exists at both ends of the bacteriophage lambda's double-stranded genome. ... The two cos sites at the ends of the genome are complementary to one another so that the genome can become circular once the virus has infected a host bacterium. The circular genome ca …

cosmesis
<surgery> A concern in therapeutics, especially in surgical operations, for the appearance of the patient; i.e., a resort to an operation which will improve the appearance. ... Origin: G. Kosmesis, an adorning, fr. Kosmeo, to order, arrange, adorn, fr. Kosmos, order ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cosmetic
<chemistry> A substances intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions. ... Included in this definition are skin creams, lotions, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail polishes, eye and facial makeup preparations, permanent …

cosmetic dermatitis
<dermatology> A cutaneous eruption that results from the application of a cosmetic; due to allergic sensitization or primary irritation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cosmetic surgery
<surgery> Surgery in which the principal purpose is to improve the appearance, usually with the connotation that the improvement sought is beyond the normal appearance, and its acceptable variations, for the age and the ethnic origin of the patient. ... Synonym: esthetic surgery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cosmetic techniques
<surgery> Procedures for the improvement or enhancement of the appearance of the visible parts of the body. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cosmetics
Composite term for a variety of camouflages applied to the skin, lips, hair, and nails for purposes of beautifying in accordance with cultural dictates. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...