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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


coupling
<biochemistry> The linking of two independent processes by a common intermediate, for example the coupling of electron transport to oxidative phosphorylation or the ATP ADP conversion to transport processes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coupling defect
See: familial goiter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coupling factor
Protein responsible for coupling transmembrane potentials to ATP synthesis in chloroplasts and mitochondria. Include ATP synthesising enzymes (F1 in mitochondrion), that can also act as ATP ases. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coupling factors
Proteins that restore phosphorylating ability to mitochondria that have lost it, i.e., have become 'uncoupled' so that oxidation and electron transport no longer produces ATP. Usually termed coupling factor F1, F2, etc. ... Synonym: C factors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coupling interval
The interval, usually expressed in hundredths of a second, between a normal sinus beat and the ensuing premature beat. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coupling phase
The physical relationship of two syntenic genes. If they are on the same chromosome, they are said to be 'in coupling' or 'in the cis phase'; if on opposite members of a chromosome pair, 'in repulsion' or 'in the trans phase.' ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cournand's dip
In constrictive pericarditis, rapid early diastolic fall and reascent of the ventricular pressure curve to an elevated plateau. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

course
The whole plan of therapy. This may be radiotherapy in which case one refers to the number of fractions OR, chemotherapy in which case one refers to the number or cycles A course of therapy may be abandoned prematurely due to patient default or, to disease progression. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

courtship
The mutual attraction between individuals of the opposite sex. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Courvoisier
Ludwig G., French surgeon, 1843-1918. ... See: Courvoisier's law, Courvoisier's sign, Courvoisier's gallbladder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

courvoisier phenomenon
<radiology> In the presence of jaundice: small gall bladder most likely to be cholecystitis / impacted stone (gall bladder chronically inflamed, scarred), large gall bladder most likely to be NEOPLASM (gall bladder intrinsically normal, can dilate), pancreatic head, cholangiocarcinoma (distal common bile duct), ampulla of Vater, duodenal papi …

Courvoisier's gallbladder
An enlarged, often palpable gallbladder in a patient with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. It is associated with jaundice due to obstruction of the common bile duct. ... See: Courvoisier's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Courvoisier's law
Enlargement of the gallbladder with jaundice is likely to result from carcinoma of the head of the pancreas and not from a stone in the common duct, because in the latter the gallbladder is usually scarred from infection and does not distend. ... Synonym: Courvoisier's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Courvoisier's sign
Synonym for Courvoisier's law ... Enlargement of the gallbladder with jaundice is likely to result from carcinoma of the head of the pancreas and not from a stone in the common duct, because in the latter the gallbladder is usually scarred from infection and does not distend. ... Synonym: Courvoisier's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cousin marriage
See: Consanguinity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

couvade
A primitive custom in certain cultures in which a man develops labour pains while his wife is in labour and then submits to the same postpartum purification rites and taboos. ... Origin: Fr. Couver, to hatch ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Couvelaire
Alexandre, French obstetrician, 1873-1948. ... See: Couvelaire uterus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Couvelaire uterus
Extravasation of blood into the uterine musculature and beneath the uterine peritoneum in association with severe forms of abruptio placentae. ... Synonym: uteroplacental apoplexy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

couvercle
Rarely used term for an external coagulum, especially a blood clot formed extravascularly. ... Origin: Fr. Cover, lid ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

covalent
Denoting an interatomic bond characterised by the sharing of 2, 4, or 6 electrons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

covalent bond
A bond between two or more atoms that is provided by electrons that travel between the atoms' nuclei, holding them together but keeping them a stable distance apart. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

covalently closed circular DNA
<molecular biology> A circular molecule of double-stranded DNA which is supercoiled, or coiled up on itself due to internal tensions, because there are no breaks in the phosphate backbone (upon which the nucleotide bases are mounted) to relieve the tensions and allow it to form an open circle. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cove plane
A classic description of terminal inversion of the electrocardiographic T wave with the initial portion arched above the baseline and the terminal portion below it, the former being rounded and the latter pointed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cover
Anything that provides protection from predators or ameliorates adverse conditions of streamflow and/or seasonal changes in metabolic costs. May be instream cover, turbulence, and/or overhead cover, and may be for the purpose of escape, feeding, hiding, or resting. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cover class
A category into which plant species would fit based upon their percent areal cover, the cover classes used (midpoints in parentheses) are T = <1% cover (0), 1 = 1-5% (3.0), 2 = 6-15% (10.5), 7 = 51-75% (63.0), 6 = 76-95% (85.5), 7 = 96-100% (98.0). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cover glass
A thin glass disk or plate covering an object examined under the microscope. ... Synonym: coverslip. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cover test
A test used for objective demonstration of ocular deviation in strabismus; may be performed by two methods: the cover-uncover test and the alternate cover test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cover-uncover test
A test to detect strabismus; the patient's attention is directed to a small fixation object, one eye is covered and after a few seconds, uncovered; if the uncovered eye moves to see the picture, strabismus is present. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coverage
A measure of the extent to which the services rendered cover the potential need for these services in a community; applied specifically to such services as immunization in developing countries. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

covering
A surrounding layer; something that covers or encloses, forming an outer layer. ... See: tunica. ... Coverings of spermatic cord, coverings of the spermatic cord, including external and internal spermatic fasciae, and cremasteric muscle and fascia. ... Synonym: tunicae funiculi spermatici. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coverslip
<microscopy> Thin glass, plastic, sapphire, SiO, NaCl, etc. Shaped into circles, squares, or rectangles for covering the specimen. Glass coverslips, grade no. 1 1/2, contain a high proportion of covers from 0.17 to 0.18 mm in thickness, close to the lens designer's specifications for employment of achromatic and apochromatic objectives of hig …

covert sensitization
Aversive conditioning or training to rid onself of an unwanted behaviour during which the patient is taught to imagine unpleasant and related aversive consequences while engaging in the unwanted habit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cow
1. A generator for short-lived isotopes based upon successively eluting or otherwise separating ('milking') a short-lived radioactive daughter from a longer-lived parent; e.g., 99mTc from 99Mo, 113mIn from 113Sn. ... 2. The mature female of domestic cattle (genus Bos); also the mature female of certain other animals such as buffalo, elephant, and wh …

cow face
Synonym for facies bovina ... The cowlike face of ocular hypertelorism; typical of craniofacial dysostosis. ... Synonym: cow face. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cow kidney
A kidney containing an abnormally large number of minor calices, resembling normal bovine renal anatomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cow milk anaemia
Anaemia occurring in infants fed cow milk without iron supplementation, attributed to digestive tract allergic reaction leading to blood loss and hence iron deficiency. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cowden
Surname of the family from which the condition subsequently known as Cowden's disease was first reported. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cowden syndrome
<radiology> Multiple hamartoma syndrome, GI-tract hamartomas (including stomach and colon), breast carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, circumoral papillomatosis, nodular gingival hyperplasia See also: polyposis syndromes ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Cowden's disease
Hypertrichosis and gingival fibromatosis from infancy, accompanied by postpubertal fibroadenomatous breast enlargement; papules of the face are characteristic of multiple trichilemmomas. ... Synonym: multiple hamartoma syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cowdria
A genus of gram-negative bacteria characteristically localised in clusters inside vacuoles in the cytoplasm of vascular endothelial cells of ruminants. The species c. Ruminantium is the causative agent of heartwater disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Cowdria ruminantium
The rickettsial species causing heartwater in cattle, sheep, and goats in Sub-Saharan Africa and several islands in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans and in the Caribbean, transmitted by ticks of the genus Amblyomma. ... Origin: E.V. Cowdry ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cowdriosis
Synonym for heartwater ... An acute febrile disease of cattle, sheep, and goats in sub-Saharan Africa and certain islands in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans and in the Caribbean, caused by the rickettsial organism Cowdria ruminantium and transmitted by ticks of the genus Amblyomma; some species of African antelope and European and American deer also …

Cowdry
Edmund Vincent, U.S. Cytologist, 1888-1975. ... See: Cowdry's type A inclusion bodies, Cowdry's type B inclusion bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cowdry's type A inclusion bodies
Droplet-like masses of acidophilic material surrounded by clear halos within nuclei, with margination of chromatin on the nuclear membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cowdry's type B inclusion bodies
Droplet-like masses of acidophilic material surrounded by clear halos within nuclei, without other nuclear changes during early stages of development of the inclusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cowl
See: caul. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cowl muscle
Synonym for trapezius ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of seventh cervical and the thoracic vertebrae and corresponding supraspinous ligaments; insertion, lateral third of posterior surface of clavicle, anterior side of acromion, and upper …

Cowling's rule
An obsolete rule for a child's dose: that fraction of the adult dose obtained by dividing the age of the child at the nearest birthday by 24. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cowper, William
<person> B. Petersfield, Hampshire (Arlesford, according to Cole), in 1666. D. Bishop's Sutton, Mar. 8th, 1709. Was a London Surgeon who published his anatomical works in sumptuous fashion and was one of the first anatomists to dissect a marsupial. Elected F.R.S., 1698. Was much in-debted to the work of Bidloo which he failed to acknowledge.< …

Cowper's cyst
A retention cyst of a bulbourethral gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cowper's gland
Synonym for bulbourethral gland ... One of two small compound racemose glands, that produce a mucoid secretion, lying side by side along the membranous urethra just above the bulb of the corpus spongiosum; they discharge through a small duct into the spongy portion of the urethra. ... Synonym: glandula bulbourethralis, Cowper's gland, Mery's gland.
cowper's glands
<radiology> Bulbourethal glands, 1.5 - 2.0 cm long, originate from posterior part of bulbous urethra, seen on retrograde urethrography: in chronic urethritis, s/p TURP ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Cowper's ligament
<anatomy> The part of the fascia lata which is anterior to and provides origin for fibres of the pectineus muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cowperian
Relating to or described by Cowper. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cowperitis
Inflammation of Cowper's gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cowpox
A mild, eruptive skin disease of milk cows caused by cowpox virus, with lesions occurring principally on the udder and teats. Human infection may occur while milking an infected animal. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cowpox virus
A species of orthopoxvirus that is the aetiologic agent of cowpox. It is closely related to but antigenically different from vaccina virus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coxa
Synonym: hip bone. ... Synonym: hip joint. ... Origin: L ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coxa adducta
coxa vara ...

coxa plana
A disorder characterised by the deterioration of the head of the femur in the hip joint, due to its insufficient blood supply. This disorder occurs most frequently in boys aged 5 to 10 years and tends to run in families. ... Symptoms include thigh pain, hip pain, knee pain, atrophy of muscles in the thigh, hip stiffness and walking with a limp. ... ( …

coxa valga
Alteration of the angle made by the axis of the femoral neck to the axis of the femoral shaft, so that the angle exceeds 135°; the femoral neck is in more of a straight-line relationship to the shaft of the femur. ... Coxa vara, alteration of the angle made by the axis of the femoral neck to the axis of the femoral shaft so that the angle is less th …

coxal bone
Synonym for hip bone ... A large flat bone formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis (in the adult), constituting the lateral half of the pelvis; it articulates with its fellow anteriorly, with the sacrum posteriorly, and with the femur laterally. ... Synonym: os coxae, coxa, coxal bone, innominate bone, os innominatum. ... (05 Mar 2000)
coxalgia
1. <orthopaedics> Hip joint disease. ... 2. <symptom> Pain in the hip. ... Origin: L. Coxa = hip ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coxiella
A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that is widely distributed in ticks and various mammals throughout the world. Infection with this genus is particularly prevalent in cattle, sheep, and goats. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coxiella burnetii
A species of gram-negative bacteria that grows preferentially in the vacuoles of the host cell. It is the aetiological agent of q fever. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coxitic scoliosis
Scoliosis in the lumbar spine resulting from tilting of the pelvis in a case of hip disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coxitis
Inflammation of the hip. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coxodynia
Pain in the hip joint. ... Synonym: coxalgia. ... Origin: L. Coxa, hip, + G. Odyne, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coxofemoral
Relating to the hip bone and the femur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coxotomy
<procedure> An obsolete term for incision into the hip joint. ... Origin: L. Coxa, hip, + G. Tome, cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coxotuberculosis
Tuberculous hip-joint disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coxsackie encephalitis
A viral encephalitis, seen mainly in infants and involving principally the gray matter of the medulla and cord, caused by Enterovirus Coxsackie B. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coxsackie virus
<virology> A group of picornaviruses, included in the genus Enterovirus, first isolated in a village called Coxsackie, New York, USA. ... Coxsackie virus has a spherical shape, about 28 nm in diameter, and causes myositis, paralysis, and death in young mice, and is responsible for a variety of diseases in man, and probably accounts for as many …

cozymase
Former name for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CPAP
<abbreviation> Continuous positive airway pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CPCRA
Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. A branch of the NIH's Division of AIDS that supports clinical trials based on local networks of practicing physicians. These physicians collect data on their patients as they participate in a treatment trial. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

CPEO
Acronym for chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CpG island
<molecular biology> Region of genomic DNA rich in the dinucleotide C G. Methylation of the C in the dinucleotide is maintained through cell divisions and profoundly affects the degree of transcription of the nearby genes and is important in developmental regulation of gene expression. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cpg islands
Areas of increased density of the dinucleotide sequence guanine--phosphate diester--cytosine. They form stretches of DNA several hundred base pairs long and number about 30,000 islands in the mammalian genome. They are unmethylated and the site of frequent mutations. Many of the genes with which the islands are associated are housekeeping genes tha …

cpg-rich island
<molecular biology> Areas of DNA which consist mostly of the base pair sequence CGCGCGCG. (alternating cytosine and guanine nucleotide bases) that are usually found upstream of many genes and are thought to help regulate gene expression. They are often methylated (have methyl groups attached to the DNA segments). ... (28 May 1998) ...

CPK
Synonym for creatine phosphokinase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that is contained in skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. ... Creatine phosphokinase is released into the bloodstream in increased quantities if muscle in injured. Creatine phosphokinase can be fractionated so that specific measurements can be made for blood levels of creat …

cpm
<abbreviation> Counts per minute. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CPPB
<abbreviation> Continuous positive pressure breathing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CPPD
<abbreviation> Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CPPV
<abbreviation> Continuous positive pressure ventilation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CPR
Synonym for cardiopulmonary resuscitation ... <procedure> A life saving procedure that includes the timed external compression of the anterior chest wall (to stimulate blood flow) by pumping the heart, and alternating with mouth to mouth breathing to provide oxygen. ... Usually administered by one rescuer as 15 chest compressions to every 2 mou …

cps
<abbreviation> Cycles per second. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cr
1. Symbol for chromium. ... 2. <abbreviation> Creatinine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CR lead
A bipolar chest lead with the negative electrode placed on the subject's right arm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CR-serpinase
<enzyme> Inactivates antithrombin III at an area adjacent to its active site by cleaving arg 393-ser 394; from causus rhombeatus (african night adder); mw 45,500 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

crab
1. A crustacean, many varieties of which are edible. ... 2. An insect, the crab louse, Pthirus pubis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

crab hand
Synonym for erysipeloid ... An infection caused by erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae that is almost wholly restricted to persons who in their occupation handle infected fish, shellfish, poultry, or meat. Three forms of this condition exist: a mild localised form manifested by local swelling and redness of the skin; a diffuse form that might present with …

crab yaws
Synonym for foot yaws ... <dermatology> Yaws of the feet with keratoderma of the palms and soles and ulcer formation. ... Synonym: crab yaws, dumas, tubba, tubbae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

crabs
Chiefly marine, largely carnivorous crustaceans including the genera cancer, uca, and callinectes. It includes crabs as food. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Crabtree effect
Inhibition of cellular respiration of isolated systems by high concentrations of glucose; a 'reciprocal' of Pasteur's effect; due, in part, to the inhibition of hexokinase by elevated glucose-6-phosphate. ... Compare: Pasteur's effect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Crabtree, Herbert
<person> 20th century English physician and biochemist. ... See: Crabtree effect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

crack
A fissure or fracture. Caused by the effects of stress on weak or weakened parts of a material. ... To break a large, complex compound into simpler compounds. ... To open something slightly. ... A narcotic drug illegal in most countries which is a cheaper, more addictive, smokeable version of cocaine (another illegal narcotic) with more adverse effect …

crack cocaine
The purified, alkaloidal, extra-potent form of cocaine. It is smoked (free-based), injected intravenously, and orally ingested. Use of crack results in alterations in function of the cardiovascular system, the autonomic nervous system, the central nervous system, and the gastrointestinal system. There are concomitant psychological and social altera …

cracked heel
Synonym for keratoderma plantare sulcatum ... Hyperkeratosis and fissure formation on the soles. ... Synonym: cracked heel. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cracked tooth syndrome
<syndrome> A toothache caused by a broken tooth (tooth fracture) without associated cavity or advanced gum disease. Biting on the area of tooth fracture can cause severe sharp pains. These fractures are usually due to chewing or biting hard objects such as hard candies, pencils, nuts, etc. Sometimes, the fracture can be seen by painting a spe …