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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

cracked-pot resonance
A peculiar sound, resembling that heard on striking a cracked pot, elicited on percussing over a pulmonary cavity that commmunicates with a bronchial tube, when the patient's mouth is open. ... Synonym: cracked-pot sound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cracked-pot sound
Synonym for cracked-pot resonance ... A peculiar sound, resembling that heard on striking a cracked pot, elicited on percussing over a pulmonary cavity that commmunicates with a bronchial tube, when the patient's mouth is open. ... Synonym: cracked-pot sound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

crackle
Short, sharp, or rough sounds heard with a stethoscope over the chest. Most often heard in pleurisy with fibrinous exudate. ... Origin: echoic ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

crackling jaw
Chronic subluxation with clicking on motion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

crackling rale
Very fine sounds produced by fluid in very small airways in pneumonia or congestive heart failure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cradle
A frame used to keep bedclothes from coming in contact with an injured patient. ... Origin: M.E. Cradel ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cradle cap
<dermatology> A form of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp in infants that is characterised by flaky or scaly skin which may be reddened. May involve the skin on the nose, eyebrows, scalp, ears and skin of the trunk (in skin folds). A weak 0.5% hydrocortisone cream can be effective in controlling this problem. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Crafoord clamp
A clamp used in heart, lung, and vascular operations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Crafoord, Clarence
<person> Swedish surgeon, *1899. ... See: Crafoord clamp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craft palsy
Synonym for occupational neurosis ... Professional neurosis, a disorder of a group of muscles used chiefly in one's occupation, marked by the occurrence of spasm, paresis, or incoordination on attempt to repeat the habitual movements; e.g., writer's cramp; probably a focal dystonia. ... Synonym: craft palsy, functional spasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Craigia
An obsolete generic term for a group of amoebas now recognised as Entamoeba. ... Origin: C. Craig ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cramer wire splint
Synonym for ladder splint ... A flexible splint consisting of two stout parallel wires with finer cross wires. ... Synonym: Cramer wire splint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cramer, Friedrich
<person> German surgeon, 1847-1903. ... See: Cramer wire splint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cramp
1. A painful muscle spasm caused by prolonged tetanic contraction. ... 2. A localised muscle spasm related to occupational use, qualified according to the occupation of the sufferer; e.g., seamstress's cramp, writer's cramp. ... Origin: M.E. Crampe, fr. O. Fr., fr. Germanic ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cramp,writer's
A dystonia that affects the muscles of the hand and sometimes the forearm and only occurs during handwriting. Similar focal dystonias have also been called typist's cramp, pianist's cramp, musician's cramp, and golfer's cramp. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Crampton test
A test for physical condition and resistance; a record is made of the pulse and the blood pressure in the recumbent and in the standing position, and the difference is graded from the theoretical perfection of 100 (seldom attained) downward (a reading of 75 is considered excellent, 65 poor); high values indicate a good physical resistance but low o …

Crampton, Charles
<person> U.S. Physician, *1877. ... See: Crampton test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Crampton, Sir Philip
<person> Irish surgeon, 1777-1858. ... See: Crampton's line, Crampton's muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Crampton's line
A line from the apex of the cartilage of the last rib downward and forward nearly to the crest of the ilium, then forward parallel with it to a little below the anterior superior spine; a guide to the common iliac artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Crampton's muscle
Synonym for Brucke's muscle ... <anatomy> The part of the ciliary muscle formed by the meridional fibres. ... Synonym: Crampton's muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Crandall's syndrome
<syndrome> Pili torti and hearing defects associated with hypogonadism; a sex-linked trait in which there is a deficiency of luteinizing and of growth hormone. ... See: Bjornstad's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

crania
Plural of cranium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniad
Situated nearer the head in relation to a specific reference point; opposite of caudad. ... See: superior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cranial
<anatomy> Pertaining to the cranium or to the anterior (in animals) or superior (in humans) end of the body. ... Origin: L. Cranialis ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cranial arteritis
Synonym for giant cell arteritis ... <pathology> An inflammatory condition of the temporal artery. It is a serious chronic vascular disease, characterised by inflammation of the walls of the blood vessels (vasculitis). ... The age of affected patients is usually over 50 years of age. It most often involves the carotid artery system, and can lea …

cranial base
Synonym for base of skull ... The sloping floor of the cranial cavity. It comprises both the external base of skull (external view) and the internal base of skull (internal view). ... See: internal base of skull. ... Synonym: basis cranii, cranial base. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cranial bones
Synonym for bones of skull ... The paired inferior nasal concha, lacrimal, maxilla, nasal, palatine, parietal, temporal, and zygomatic; and the unpaired ethmoid, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and vomer. ... Synonym: ossa cranii, cranial bones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cranial capacity
The cubic content of the skull obtained by determining the cubage of small shot, seeds, or beads required to fill the skull. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cranial cavity
<anatomy> The skull. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

cranial dystonia
<neurology> A term used to describe dystonia that affects the muscles of the head, face, and neck. ... Oromandibular dystonia affects the muscles of the jaw, lips, and tongue. The jaw may be pulled either open or shut, and speech and swallowing can be difficult. Spasmodic dysphonia involves the muscles of the throat that control speech. Also c …

cranial epidural space
Synonym for dura mater of brain ... The intracranial dura mater, consisting of two layers: the outer periosteal layer which normally always adheres to the periosteum of the bones of the cranial vault; and the inner meningeal layer which in most places is fused with the outer. The two layers separate to accommodate meningeal vessels and large venous …

cranial flexure
Synonym for cephalic flexure ... The sharp, ventrally concave bend in the developing midbrain of the embryo. ... Synonym: cerebral flexure, cranial flexure, mesencephalic flexure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cranial fontanels
<anatomy> The membranous intervals between the angles of the cranial bones in the infant; they include the midline anterior fontanel and posterior fontanel, and the paired sphenoidal fontanel and mastoid fontanel. ... Synonym: fonticuli cranii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cranial fossa, posterior
The posterior subdivision of the floor of the cranial cavity, lodging the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. It is formed by portions of the sphenoid, temporal, parietal, and occipital bones. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cranial index
The ratio of the maximal breadth to the maximal length of the skull, obtained by the formula: (breadth &times; 100)/length. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cranial irradiation
The exposure of the head to roentgen rays or other forms of radioactivity for therapeutic or preventive purposes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cranial mononeuropathy III
(compression type) A disorder involving vision changes and eyelid drooping associated with a decreased functioning of cranial nerve III. Damage is usually caused by compression of the nerves from localised lesions or a swelling in the area of the nerve. ... Examples include cerebral aneurysms and tumours Symptoms include a drooping eyelid and double …

cranial mononeuropathy vi
A disorder involving vision changes that are associated with the decreased function of cranial nerve VI. Often this form of nerve damage is associated with diabetes, tumours of the VI nerve or increased intracranial pressure. Trauma and stroke may also damage the VI cranial nerve. ... Symptoms include double vision when looking to one side. ... (27 S …

cranial mononeuropathy vii
A disorder which involves drooping of the face and the decreased ability to move one side of the face. Causes include isolated damage to the facial nerve, HIV infection, sarcoidosis and Lyme disease. Bell's palsy is a dysfunction of the facial nerve for reason unknown. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cranial nerve I
Synonym for olfactory nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The olfactory nerve carries impulses for the sense of smell. ... Synonym: cranial nerve I. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cranial nerve II
Synonym for optic nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The optic nerve. The nerve carrying impulses for the sense of sight. ... Projection from the vertebrate retina to the midbrain. Embryologically, a CNS tract rather than a peripheral nerve. Popular experimental preparation for studies of regeneration of retino tectal projections in lower vertebrates a …

cranial nerve III
Synonym for occulomotor nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The occulomotor nerve is responsible for motor enervation of upper eyelid muscle, extraocular muscle and pupillary muscle. ... Lesions of the oculomotor nerve results in ptosis (dropping eyelid), deviation of the eyeball outward, double vision and a dilated pupil. ... Synonym: cranial nerve III. …

cranial nerve IV
Synonym for trochlear nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The trochlear nerve controls an extraocular muscle. ... Lesions of this nerve will result in rotation of the eyeball upward and outward (and double vision). ... Synonym: cranial nerve IV. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cranial nerve IX
Synonym for glossopharyngeal nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The glossopharyngeal nerve enervates muscles involved in swallowing and taste. Lesions of the ninth nerve result in difficulty swallowing and disturbance of taste. ... Synonym: cranial nerve IX. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cranial nerve neoplasms
Neoplasms of any of the cranial nerves. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cranial nerve V
Synonym for trigeminal nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensory enervation of the face and motor enervation to muscles of mastication (chewing). ... There are three divisions of the fifth cranial nerve, ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular. Lesions of the sensory root to the trigeminal nerve can result in pain …

cranial nerve VI
Synonym for abducent nerve ... <anatomy> The abducent nerve enervates a muscle which moves the eyeball. ... Lesions of the sixth cranial nerve result in deviation of the eyeball outward and double vision. ... Synonym: cranial nerve VI. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cranial nerve VII
Synonym for facial nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The facial nerve enervates the muscles of the face (facial expression). ... Lesion of the facial nerve cause a drooping to one side of the face, inability to wrinkle the forehead, inability to whistle, inability to close the eye and deviation of the mouth to the unaffected side. ... Synonym: cranial …

cranial nerve VIII
Synonym for vestibulocochlear nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for the sense of hearing and balance (body position sense). ... Lesions of the eighth nerve can result in deafness, tinnitus, dizziness, vertigo and vomiting. ... Synonym: cranial nerve VIII. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cranial nerve X
Synonym for vagus nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The vagus nerve enervates the gut (gastrointestinal tract), heart and larynx. ... Lesions of the tenth nerve usually result in a horse voice, but may also cause difficulty in swallowing or talking. ... Synonym: cranial nerve X. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cranial nerve XI
Synonym for accessory nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The accessory nerve enervates the sternocleidomastoid muscles and the trapezius muscles. ... Lesions of the eleventh result in drooping of the shoulder and inability to rotate the head away from the affected side. ... Synonym: cranial nerve XI. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cranial nerve XII
Synonym for hypoglossal nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The hypoglossal nerve enervates the muscles of the tongue. ... Lesions of the twelfth cranial nerve result in deviation of the tongue toward the paralysed side and thick speech. ... Synonym: cranial nerve XII. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cranial nerves
<anatomy> There are 12 cranial nerves. ... The olfactory nerve, optic nerve, occulomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, trigeminal nerve, abducent nerve, facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve and the hypoglossal nerve. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cranial neuropore
Synonym for rostral neuropore ... The temporary opening at the extreme rostral (cephalic) end of the early embryonic forebrain; closes at the 20th somite stage. ... Synonym: anterior neuropore, cranial neuropore. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cranial root of accessory nerve
<anatomy, nerve> The roots of the accessory nerve which arise from the medulla; the nerve fibres of the cranial root join the intracranial portion of the vagus nerve and are distributed to the pharyngeal plexus, providing the motor innervation of the soft palate (except the tensor veli palati) and the pharynx. ... Synonym: pars vagalis nervi a …

cranial roots
Synonym for cranial root of accessory nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The roots of the accessory nerve which arise from the medulla; the nerve fibres of the cranial root join the intracranial portion of the vagus nerve and are distributed to the pharyngeal plexus, providing the motor innervation of the soft palate (except the tensor veli palati) an …

cranial sinuses
Large endothelium-lined venous channels situated between the two layers of the dura mater; they are devoid of valves. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cranial sutures
A type of fibrous joint between bones of the head. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cranial synchondroses
The cartilaginous joints of the skull; these include sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis, spheno-occipital synchondrosis, sphenopetrosa synchondrosis, petro-occipital synchondrosis, anterior intraoccipital and posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis. ... Synonym: synchondroses cranii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cranial vault
Synonym for neurocranium ... Those bones of the skull enclosing the brain, as distinguished from the bones of the face. ... Synonym: braincase, cranial vault, cranium cerebrale, cerebral cranium. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Kranion, skull ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cranial vertebra
A segment of the skull regarded as homologous with a segment of the vertebral column. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cranialis
Synonym for cranial ... <anatomy> Pertaining to the cranium or to the anterior (in animals) or superior (in humans) end of the body. ... Origin: L. Cranialis ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

craniamphitomy
<procedure> A decompression operation in which the entire circumference of the calvarium is divided. ... Origin: G. Kranion, skull, + amphi, around, + tome, cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Craniata
Synonym: Vertebrata. ... Origin: Mediev. L. Cranium, fr. G. Kranion, skull ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniectomy
<procedure, surgery> Surgery performed on the skull where pieces of bone are removed to gain access to the brain and the bone pieces are not replaced. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

cranio-
Crani- ... The cranium. ... Compare: cerebro-. ... Origin: G. Kranion, skull ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cranio-aural
Relating to the skull and the ear. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniocardiac reflex
Stimulation of nerve endings of certain cranial nerves (e.g., olfactory, ophthalmic branch of trigeminal), with resultant cardiac depressor reflex, manifested by bradycardia and hypotension, through the cardiac branch of the vagus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniocarpotarsal dysplasia
Synonym for craniocarpotarsal dystrophy ... Congenital association of skeletal defects (ulnar deviation of hands with camptodactyly, talipes equinovarus, and frontal bone defects) and characteristic facies (protrusion of lips as in whistling, sunken eyes with hypertelorism, and small nose); autosomal dominant inheritance. ... Synonym: craniocarpotars …

craniocarpotarsal dystrophy
Congenital association of skeletal defects (ulnar deviation of hands with camptodactyly, talipes equinovarus, and frontal bone defects) and characteristic facies (protrusion of lips as in whistling, sunken eyes with hypertelorism, and small nose); autosomal dominant inheritance. ... Synonym: craniocarpotarsal dysplasia, Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, whi …

craniocele
Synonym: encephalocele. ... Origin: cranio-+ G. Kele, hernia ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniocerebral
Relating to the skull and the brain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cranioclasia
Cranioclasis ... Formerly used operation for crushing of the foetal skull in cases of dystocia. ... Origin: cranio-+ G. Klasis, a breaking ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cranioclast
Instrument like a strong forceps formerly used for crushing and extracting the foetal head after perforation. ... Origin: cranio-+ G. Klao, to break in pieces ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniocleidodysostosis
Synonym: cleidocranial dysostosis. ... Origin: cranio-+ G. Kleis, clavicle, + dysostosis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniodiaphysial dysplasia
Small stature and thickening of the cranial bones with sclerosis and diaphysial widening of tubular bones; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniodidymus
Conjoined twins with fused bodies but with two heads. ... See: conjoined twins. ... Origin: cranio-+ G. Didymos, twin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniofacial
Relating to both the face and the cranium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniofacial abnormalities
Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

craniofacial angle
The angle formed by the basifacial and basicranial axes at the midpoint of the sphenoethmoidal suture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniofacial appliance
A device used to immobilise and/or reduce mandibular or midfacial fractures. ... See: fixation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniofacial axis
A straight line passing through the mesethmoid, presphenoid, basisphenoid, and basioccipital bones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniofacial dysjunction fracture
A complex fracture in which the facial bones are separated from the cranial bones. ... Synonym: Le Fort III craniofacial dysjunction, Le Fort III fracture, transverse facial fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniofacial dysostosis
<paediatrics> A genetic disorder (autosomal dominant) characterised by abnormalities of the cranial sutures, widening of the skull, a high forehead, ocular hypertelorism, exophthalmos, beaked nose and hypoplasia of the maxilla ... Inheritance: autosomal dominant. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

craniofacial fixation
Stabilization of facial fractures to the cranial base by direct wiring or by external skeletal pin fixation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniofacial notch
A defect in the osseous partition between the orbital and nasal cavities. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniofacial surgery
Simultaneous surgery on the cranium and facial bones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniofacial suspension wiring
A method of wiring using areas of bones not contiguous with the oral cavity for the support of fractured jaw segments (e.g., pyriform aperture, zygomatic arch, zygomatic process of the frontal bone). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniofenestria
Synonym: craniolacunia. ... Origin: cranio-+ L. Fenestra, window ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniognomy
Synonym: phrenology. ... Origin: cranio-+ G. Gnome, judgment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniograph
An instrument for making drawings to scale of the diameters and general configuration of the skull. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniography
The art of representing, by drawings made from measurements, the configuration of the skull and the relations of its angles and craniometric points. ... Origin: cranio-+ G. Grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniolacunia
Incomplete formation of the bones of the vault of the foetal skull so that there are nonossified areas in the calvaria. ... Synonym: craniofenestria. ... Origin: cranio-+ L. Lacuna, cleft ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniology
The scientific study of variations in size, shape, and proportion of the cranium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

craniomalacia
Softening of the bones of the skull. ... Origin: cranio-+ G. Malakia, softness ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniomandibular disorders
Diseases or disorders of the muscles of the head and neck, with special reference to the masticatory muscles. The most notable examples are temporomandibular joint disorders and temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

craniomeningocele
Protrusion of the meninges through a defect in the skull. ... Origin: cranio-+ G. Meninx, membrane, + kele, hernia ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniometaphysial dysplasia
Syndrome of metaphysial dysplasia associated with severe sclerosis and overgrowth of bones of the skull (leontiasis ossea) and with hypertelorism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniometer
An instrument for measuring the diameters of the skull. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

craniometric
Relating to craniometry. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...