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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

computers, analog
Computers in which quantities are represented by physical variables; problem parameters are translated into equivalent mechanical or electrical circuits as an analog for the physical phenomenon being investigated. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

computers, hybrid
Computers that combine the functions of analog and digital computers. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

computers, mainframe
Large computers in both size and capacity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

computing methodologies
Computer-assisted analysis and processing of problems in a particular area. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Con A
Synonym for Concanavalin A ... <biochemistry> A lectin isolated from the jack bean, Canavalia ensiformis. ... See: Lectins. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

Con A binding site
Synonym for Con A receptor ... <biochemistry> A common misuse of the term receptor. Con A binds to the mannose residues of many different glycoproteins and glycolipids and the binding is therefore not to a specific site. ... It could be argued that the receptor is the Con A and cells have Con A ligands on their surfaces: certainly this would be …

Con A receptor
<biochemistry> A common misuse of the term receptor. Con A binds to the mannose residues of many different glycoproteins and glycolipids and the binding is therefore not to a specific site. ... It could be argued that the receptor is the Con A and cells have Con A ligands on their surfaces: certainly this would be less confusing. ... (05 Jan 19 …

con-
With, together, in association; appears as com-before p, b, or m, as col-before l, and as co-before a vowel; corresponds to G. Syn-. ... Origin: L. Cum, with, together ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

conalbumin
<protein> Nonhaem iron binding protein found in chicken plasma and egg white. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

conanine
A steroid alkaloid; pregnane with a methylimino group bridging C-18 and C-20 (in alpha-configuration). ... See: conessine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

conarium
Synonym: pineal body. ... Origin: G. Konarion (dim. Of konos, cone), the pineal body ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

conation
The conscious tendency to act, usually an aspect of mental process; historically aligned with cognition and affection, but more recently used in the wider sense of impulse, desire, purposeful striving. ... Origin: L. Conatio, an undertaking, effort ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

conative
Pertaining to, or characterised by, conation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

conatus
A striving toward self-preservation and self-affirmation. ... Origin: L. Attempt ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concameration
A system of interconnecting cavities. ... Origin: L. Concameratio, a vault; fr. Concamero, pp. -atus, to vault over, fr. Camera, a vault ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Concanavalin A
<biochemistry> A lectin isolated from the jack bean, Canavalia ensiformis. ... See: Lectins. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

concatamer
<molecular biology> Two or more identical linear molecular units covalently linked in tandem. Especially used of nucleic acid molecules and of units in artificial polymers. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

concatenate
Denoting the arrangement of a number of structures, e.g., enlarged lymph glands, in a row like the links of a chain. ... Origin: L. Con-cateno, pp. -atus, to link together, fr. Catena, a chain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concatener
<molecular biology> A DNA segment composed of repeated sequences linked end to end. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

Concato
Luigi M., Italian physician, 1825-1882. ... See: Concato's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Concato's disease
Synonym for polyserositis ... Chronic inflammation with effusions in several serous cavities resulting in fibrous thickening of the serosa and constrictive pericarditis. ... Synonym: Bamberger's disease, Concato's disease, multiple serositis. ... Origin: poly-+ L. Serum, serum, + G. -itis, inflammation ... Familial paroxysmal polyserositis, transient r …

concave
Having a depressed or hollowed surface. ... Origin: L. Concavus, arched or vaulted ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concave lens
A diverging minus power lens. ... Synonym: minus lens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concave mirror
A spherical reflecting surface that constitutes a segment of the interior of a sphere. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concavity
A hollow or depression, with more or less evenly curved sides, on any surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concavoconcave lens
Synonym for biconcave lens ... A lens that is concave on two opposing surfaces. ... Synonym: concavoconcave lens, double concave lens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concavoconvex
Concave on one surface and convex on the opposite surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concavoconvex lens
A converging meniscus lens that is concave on one surface and convex on the opposite surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concealed conduction
Conduction of an impulse through a part of the heart without direct evidence of its presence in the electrocardiogram; conduction is inferred only because of its influence on the subsequent cardiac cycle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concealed haemorrhage
Synonym for internal haemorrhage ... Bleeding into organs or cavities of the body. ... Synonym: concealed haemorrhage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concealed hernia
A hernia not found on inspection or palpation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concealed penis
Usually a complication of circumcision wherein the anastomotic line between shaft skin and preputial collar closes like an iris or cicatrix over glans (some equate this to buried penis). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concentration
1. Increase in strength by evaporation. ... 2. <chemistry> The ratio of the mass or volume of a solute to the mass or volume of the solution or solvent. ... Origin: L. Concentratio ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

concentration camps
Facilities in which war or political prisoners are confined. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

concentration cell
<physiology> An electrochemical cell in which the two compartments contain the same solutions, but at different concentrations. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

concentration gradient
Synonym for density gradient ... <chemistry> A column of liquid in which the density varies continually with position, usually as a consequence of variation of concentration of a solute. ... Such gradients may be established by progressive mixing of solutions of different density as for example: sucrose gradients) or by centrifuge induced redis …

concentration-effect curve
<pharmacology> This is a graph produced to show the relationship between the exposure concentration of a drug or other foreign chemical and the magnitude of the graded effect that it produces. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

concentration-response curve
<pharmacology> This is a graph produced to show the relation between the exposure concentration of a drug (or other chemical) and the degree of response it produces, as measured by the percentage of the exposed population showing a defined, often quantal, effect. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

concentric
Having a common centre, such that two or more spheres, circles, or segments of circles are within one another. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concentric fibroma
<tumour> A benign neoplasm, actually a leiomyoma, that occupies the entire circumference of the wall of the uterus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concentric hypertrophy
Thickening of the walls of the heart or any cavity with apparent diminution of the capacity of the cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concentric lamella
One of the concentric tubular layers of bone surrounding the central canal in an osteon. ... Synonym: haversian lamella. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concept
1. An abstract idea or notion. ... 2. An explanatory variable or principle in a scientific system. ... Synonym: conception. ... Origin: L. Conceptum, something understood, pp. Ntr. Of concipio, to receive, apprehend ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concept formation
A cognitive process involving the formation of ideas generalised from the knowledge of qualities, aspects, and relations of objects. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

concepti
Plural of conceptus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

conception
<biology, gynaecology> The onset of pregnancy, marked by implantation of the blastocyst, the formation of a viable zygote. ... Origin: L. Conceptio ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

conceptual
Relating to the formation of ideas, usually higher order abstractions, to mental conceptions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

conceptus
The product of conception, i.e., embryo and membranes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concerted evolution
The ability of two related genes to evolve together as though constituting a single locus. ... Synonym: coincidental evolution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concerted model
Synonym for Monod-Wyman-Changeux model ... A model used to explain the allosteric form of cooperativity; in this model, an oligomeric protein can exist in two conformational states in the absence of the ligand; these states are in equilibrium and the one that is predominant has a lower affinity for the ligand (which binds to the protein in a rapid e …

concha
In anatomy, a structure comparable to a shell in shape, as the auricle or pinna of the ear or a turbinated bone in the nose. ... Origin: L. A shell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concha auriculae
Synonym for concha of ear ... The large hollow, or floor of the auricle, between the anterior portion of the helix and the antihelix; it is divided by the crus of the helix into the cymba above and the cavum below. ... Synonym: concha auriculae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concha bullosa
Abnormal pneumatization of the middle turbinate which may interfere with normal ventilation of sinus ostia and can result in recurrent sinusitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concha nasalis inferior
Synonym for inferior nasal concha ... A thin, spongy, bony plate with curved margins, on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, separating the middle from the inferior meatus; it articulates with the ethmoid, lacrimal, maxilla, and palate bones, the above bony plate and its thick mucoperiosteum containing an extensive cavernous vascular bed for heat …

concha nasalis media
Synonym for middle nasal concha ... The middle thin, spongy, bony plate with curved margins, part of the ethmoidal labyrinth, projecting from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and separating the superior meatus from the middle meatus, the above bony plate and its thick mucoperiosteum containing a cavernous vascular bed for heat exchange. ... Synon …

concha nasalis superior
Synonym for superior nasal concha ... The upper thin, spongy, bony plate with curved margins, part of the ethmoidal labyrinth, projecting from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and separating the superior meatus from the sphenoethmoidal recess, the above bony plate and its thick mucoperiosteum, which is less vascular than that of the middle and i …

concha nasalis suprema
Synonym for supreme nasal concha ... A small concha frequently present on the posterosuperior part of the lateral nasal wall; it overlies the supreme nasal meatus. ... Synonym: concha nasalis suprema, fourth turbinated bone, highest concha, highest turbinated bone, Santorini's concha, concha santorini, supraturbinal, supreme concha, supreme turbinate …

concha of ear
The large hollow, or floor of the auricle, between the anterior portion of the helix and the antihelix; it is divided by the crus of the helix into the cymba above and the cavum below. ... Synonym: concha auriculae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

conchae sphenoidales
Synonym for sphenoidal conchae ... Paired ossicles of pyramidal shape, the spines of which are in contact with the medial pterygoid lamina, the bases forming the roof of the nasal cavity. ... Synonym: conchae sphenoidales, Bertin's bones, Bertin's ossicles, sphenoidal turbinated bones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

conchal cartilage
Synonym for auricular cartilage ... The cartilage of the auricle. ... Synonym: cartilago auriculae, cartilage of ear, conchal cartilage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

conchal crest
Bony ridge which articulates with, or provides attachment for, the inferior nasal concha. ... See: conchal crest of maxilla, conchal crest of palatine bone. ... Synonym: crista conchalis, turbinated crest. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

conchal crest of maxilla
Ridge of the nasal surface of the body of the maxilla that articulates with the inferior nasal concha. ... Synonym: crista conchalis maxillae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

conchal crest of palatine bone
The ridge on the nasal surface of the perpendicular part of the palatine bone to which the inferior nasal concha attaches. ... Synonym: crista conchalis ossis palatini. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

conchoidal
Shaped like a shell; having alternate convexities and concavities on the surface. ... Origin: concha + G. Eidos, appearance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

conchoidal bodies
Synonym for Schaumann bodies ... Concentrically laminated calcified body's found in granulomas, particularly in sarcoidosis. ... Synonym: conchoidal bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concolourous
Coloured uniformly, the same colour on both sides. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

concomitance
In esotropia, one eye accompanying the other in all excursions, as in concomitant strabismus. ... Origin: con-+ L. Comito-, pp. -atus, to accompany ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concomitant
Accompanying, accessory, joined with another. ... Origin: L. Concomitans ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

concomitant immunity
Synonym for infection immunity ... The paradoxical immune status in which resistance to reinfection coincides with the persistence of the original infection. ... Synonym: concomitant immunity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concomitant strabismus
Synonym for comitant strabismus ... A condition in which the degree of strabismus is the same in all directions of gaze. ... Synonym: concomitant strabismus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concomitant symptom
Synonym for accessory symptom ... A symptom that usually but not always accompanies a certain disease, as distinguished from a pathognomonic symptom. ... Synonym: assident symptom, concomitant symptom. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concordance
Agreement in the types of data that occur in natural pairs. For example, in a trait like schizophrenia, a pair of identical twins is concordant if both are affected or both are unaffected; it is discordant if one of them only is affected. Likewise, the pairs might be non-identical twins, or sibs, or husband and wife, etc. ... Origin: L. Concordia, a …

concordance rate
The proportion of a random sample of pairs that are concordant for a trait of interest. A high rate of concordance may be generated in several ways, many of which may result from irrelevant bias; but broadly it is taken as evidence of causal connection (e.g., in the case of identical twins, a genetic component or in spouses of assortative mating).< …

concordant
Denoting or exhibiting concordance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concordant alternans
Simultaneous occurrence of right ventricular and pulmonary artery alternans with left ventricular and peripheral pulsus alternans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concordant alternation
The alternation in either the mechanical or electrical activity of the heart, occurring in both systemic and pulmonary circulations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concrement
A concretion; a deposit of calcareous material in a part. ... Origin: L. Con-cresco, to grow together ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concrescence
Synonym: coalescence. ... 2. In dentistry, the union of the roots of two adjacent teeth by cementum. ... Origin: see concrement ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concrete
Solid, tangible. ... Origin: L. Concretus ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

concrete oils
Essential oils obtained by extraction with organic solvents; contain waxes and paraffins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concrete operations
In the psychology of Piaget, a stage of development in thinking, occurring approximately between 7 and 11 years of age, during which a child becomes capable of reasoning about concrete situations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concrete thinking
Thinking of objects or ideas as specific items rather than as an abstract representation of a more general concept, as contrasted with abstract thinking (e.g., perceiving a chair and a table as individual useful items and not as members of the general class, furniture). ... Creative thinking, productive thinking, with novel rather than routine eleme …

concretio cordis
Extensive adhesion between parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium with partial or complete obliteration of the pericardial cavity. ... Synonym: internal adhesive pericarditis, synechia pericardii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concretion
1. <chemistry> The act or process of making or becoming solid. ... 2. <ecology> A localised concentration of chemical compounds, (for example, calcium carbonate and iron oxide) in the form of a grain or nodule of varying size, shape, hardness and colour, concretions of significance in hydric soils are usually iron oxides and manganese ox …

concretization
Inability to abstract with an overemphasis on specific details; seen in mental disorders, such as dementia and schizophrenia, and also normally in children. ... Origin: L. Con-cresco, pp. -cretus, to grow together, harden ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concurrent disinfection
Application of disinfective measures as soon as possible after discharge of infectious material from the body of an infected person, or after soiling of articles with such infectious discharges. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concurrent review
Review of the medical necessity of hospital or other health facility admissions, upon or within a short time following an admission, and periodic review of services provided during the course of treatment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

concurrent validity
An index of criterion-related validity used to predict performance in a real-life situation given at about the same time as the test or procedure; the extent to which the index from one test correlates with that of a nonidentical test or index; e.g., how well a score on an aptitude test correlates with the score on an intelligence test. ... (05 Mar …

concussion
<neurology> A more serious form of head injury that is characterised by one or more of the following features: loss of consciousness, amnesia, seizure or a change in mentation. ... See: brain contusion. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

concussion cataract
Traumatic cataract occurring with or without a hole in the lens capsule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concussion myelitis
Traumatic myelopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

concussor
A hammer-like instrument for tapping the parts as a form of massage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

condensation
<chemistry> The process whereby a gas becomes a liquid or a solid. ... A chemical reaction between two organic compounds which produces (among other things) water, ammonia, or a simple alcohol. ... A chemical reaction between two molecules which links them together and expels a molecule of water. For example: the joining of two amino acids by a …

condensation compound
A compound resulting from the combination of two or more simple substances, with the splitting off of some other substance, such as alcohol or water; e.g., a peptide. ... Compare: conjugated compound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

condensation polymer
<chemistry> The kind of polymer that is formed by the combination of monomers and the release of a small molecules at the point where monomers are joined. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

condense
To pack; to increase the density of; applied particularly to insertion of gold foil or silver amalgam in a cavity prepared in a tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

condensed milk
A thick liquid prepared by the partial evaporation of cow's milk, with or without the addition of sugar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

condenser
<microscopy> In microscopy, the lens mounted before the microscope stage, which transmits light to the object. There are two main categories of condensers: (1) bright field and (2) dark field. Bright field condensers are of four distinct types: (a) Abbe condenser,, an uncorrected condenser composed of two separable lenses, (b) aplanatic conde …

condenser circle
<microscopy> The image of the aperture iris diaphragm of the substage condenser as seen in the back focal plane of the objective. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

condenser or condenser lens
<physics> A term applied to lenses or mirrors designed to collect, control, and concentrate radiation in an illumination system. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...