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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

prolamellar body
The disorganised membrane aggregations in chloroplasts that have been deprived of light (etioplasts). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

prolamin
<protein> A simple protein found in plants which cannot be dissolved in anything except strong alcohol solutions.It is an important component of gluten. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

prolamines
Proteins insoluble in water or neutral salt solutions, soluble in dilute acids or alkalies, and in 50 to 90% alcohol; e.g., gliadin, zein, hordein; all have relatively high proline contents. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prolapse
1. The falling down or sinking, of a part or viscus, procidentia. ... 2. To undergo such displacement. ... Origin: L. Prolapsus, pro = before, labi = to fall ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

prolapse of the corpus luteum
Ectropion of the corpus luteum, due to eversion of the granulosa membrane through the opening in the ruptured follicle; this occurs normally in certain animals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prolapse of the uterus
Downward movement of the uterus due to laxity and atony of the muscular and fascial structures of the pelvic floor, usually resulting from injuries of childbirth or advanced age; prolapse occurs in three forms, first degree prolapse, the cervix of the prolapsed uterus is well within the vaginal orifice, second degree prolapse, the cervix is at or n …

prolapse of umbilical cord
Presentation of part of the umbilical cord ahead of the foetus; it may cause foetal death due to compression of the cord between the presenting part of the foetus and the maternal pelvis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prolapsed
Descent, the falling of a structure. Displacement from the normal anatomical position. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

prolapsed disk
A condition that results in the abnormal protrusion (bulging), herniation or prolapse of a vertebral disc from its normal position in the vertebral column. The displaced disc may exert force on a nearby nerve root causing the typical neurologic symptoms of radiating pain (to an extremity), numbness, tingling and weakness. Recurrent episodes of seve …

prolate
Stretched out; extended; especially, elongated in the direction of a line joining the poles; as, a prolate spheroid; opposed to oblate. Prolate cycloid. See the Note under Cycloid. ... <geometry> Prolate ellipsoid or spheroid, a figure generated by the revolution of an ellipse about its major axis. See Ellipsoid of revolution, under Ellipsoid. …

prolective
Pertaining to data collected by planning in advance proportional mortality ratio. Number of deaths from a given cause in a specified period, per 100 or per 1000 total deaths. ... Origin: pro-+ L. Lego, pp. Lectum, to gather ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prolepsis
1. A figure by which objections are anticipated or prevented. A necessary truth or assumption; a first or assumed principle. ... 2. An error in chronology, consisting in an event being dated before the actual time. ... 3. The application of an adjective to a noun in anticipation, or to denote the result, of the action of the verb; as, to strike one d …

proleptic
Relating to prolepsis. ... Synonym: subintrant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proleukocyte
Synonym for leukoblast ... An immature white blood cell that is transitional between the lymphoidocyte (or the myeloblast of Naegeli and Downey) and the promyelocyte; the cytoplasm is polychromatophilic or slightly acidophilic and, as compared with the lymphoidocyte, the nuclear network of chromatin is thicker and the nucleoli less distinct. ... Syno …

prolidase
Synonym for proline dipeptidase ... <enzyme> An enzyme cleaving aminoacyl-l-proline bonds in dipeptides containing a C-terminal prolyl residue; a deficiency of this enzyme results in hyperimidodipeptiduria. ... Synonym: imidodipeptidase, peptidase D, prolidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Acidic nuclear protein (33 kD) highly expressed in dividing cells. Interacts with D type cyclins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

proliferating pleurisy
Pleurisy with a tendency for the proliferation of inflammatory exudate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proliferating tricholemmal cyst
Synonym for pilar tumour of scalp ... A solitary tumour of the scalp in elderly women that may ulcerate; microscopically resembles squamous cell carcinoma composed of glycogen-rich clear cells, but is benign. ... Synonym: proliferating tricholemmal cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proliferation
<cell biology> The reproduction or multiplication of similar forms, especially of cells and morbid cysts. ... Origin: L. Proles = offspring, ferre = to bear ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

proliferation cyst
A mother cyst containing daughter cyst's; a cyst with tumourous formation at one portion of the sac. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proliferation therapy
Rehabilitation of an incompetent structure (ligament or tendon) by the induced proliferation of new cells; accomplished by injecting an irritating substance into the loose ligament or tendon, the resulting scar formation and contracture serving to tighten up the ligament or tendon as scar tissue proliferates. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proliferative
Proliferous ... Increasing the numbers of similar forms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proliferative arthritis
Rarely used term for rheumatoid arthritis, based on the characteristic proliferation of the synovial membrane seen in joints affected by the disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proliferative bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis with obliteration of bronchiolar lumen and alveoli by epithelial proliferation, which may follow influenza and giant-cell pneumonia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proliferative choroiditis
The dense scar tissue produced by severe choroiditis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proliferative dermatitis
Synonym for dermatophilosis ... An infectious exudative dermatitis of cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and other animals (occasionally man) caused by Dermatophilus congolensis; severe (sometimes fatal) dermatophilosis is seen in cattle in the Caribbean, invariable in association with Amblyomma variegatum infestations. ... Synonym: proliferative dermatit …

proliferative fasciitis
A benign rapidly-growing subcutaneous nodule characterised by proliferation of fibroblasts and basophilic giant cells slightly resembling ganglion cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proliferative gingivitis
Inflammatory changes in the gingiva characterised by proliferation of the gingival components. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proliferative glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis with hypercellularity of glomeruli due to proliferation of endothelial or mesangial cells, occurring in acute glomerulonephritis and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proliferative inflammation
An inflammatory reaction in which the distinguishing feature is an actual increase in the number of tissue cells, especially the reticuloendothelial macrophages, in contrast to cells exuded from blood vessels; in addition, exudates of various types are likely to be observed in granulomas and other forms of proliferative inflammation, but the latter …

proliferative myositis
A rapidly growing benign infiltrating fibrous nodule in skeletal muscle, containing characteristic giant cells resembling ganglion cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proliferative retinopathy
<ophthalmology, pathology> A disease of the small blood vessels of the retina of the eye. ... See: diabetic retinopathy. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

proliferin
<protein> A hormone, related to prolactin, associated with the induction of cell division that is triggered by serum. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

proliferous
Having erect or spreading, elongating stems which are capable of rooting at the nodes but rarely do so. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

prolific
1. Having the quality of generating; producing young or fruit; generative; fruitful; productive; applied to plants producing fruit, animals producing young, etc.; usually with the implied idea of frequent or numerous production; as, a prolific tree, female, and the like. ... 2. Serving to produce; fruitful of results; active; as, a prolific brain; a …

proligerous
Germinating; producing offspring. ... Origin: L. Proles, offspring, + gero, to bear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proligerous disk
Synonym for cumulus oophorus ... A mass of epithelial cells surrounding the ovum in the ovarian follicle. ... Synonym: discus proligerus, ovigerus, proligerous disk, proligerous membrane. ... Origin: NA ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proligerous membrane
Synonym for cumulus oophorus ... A mass of epithelial cells surrounding the ovum in the ovarian follicle. ... Synonym: discus proligerus, ovigerus, proligerous disk, proligerous membrane. ... Origin: NA ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prolinase
prolyl dipeptidase ...

proline
<amino acid> One of the 20 amino acids directly coded for in proteins. Structure differs from all the others, in that its side chain is bonded to the nitrogen of the _ amino group, as well as the _ carbon. This makes the amino group a secondary amine and so proline is described as an imino acid. Has strong influence on secondary structure of …

proline aminopeptidase
Synonym for proline iminopeptidase ... A hydrolase cleaving l-proline residues from the N-terminal position in peptides. ... Synonym: proline aminopeptidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proline dehydrogenase
Synonym for pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase ... An oxidoreductase reducing 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate to l-proline with NAD(P)H. ... Synonym: proline dehydrogenase, proline oxidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proline dipeptidase
<enzyme> An enzyme cleaving aminoacyl-l-proline bonds in dipeptides containing a C-terminal prolyl residue; a deficiency of this enzyme results in hyperimidodipeptiduria. ... Synonym: imidodipeptidase, peptidase D, prolidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proline iminopeptidase
A hydrolase cleaving l-proline residues from the N-terminal position in peptides. ... Synonym: proline aminopeptidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proline oxidase
<enzyme> The first enzyme of the proline degradative pathway. It catalyses the oxidation of proline to pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid in the presence of oxygen and water. The action is not reversible. The specific activity of proline oxidase increases with age. ... Registry number: EC 1.5.3.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

proline permease
<chemical> Prnb isolated from aspergillus nidulans ... Chemical name: permease, proline ... Synonym: l-proline permease, proline porter, proline transporter, putp gene product, sodium-proline permease, na(+)-proline permease, prnb gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

proline racemase
<enzyme> An enzyme that reversibly converts d-proline to l-proline. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proline-beta-naphthylamidase
<enzyme> From pig intestinal mucosa; hydrolyzes proline-beta-naphthylamidase; distinct from proline aminopeptidase; inhibited by active site serine-specific protease inhibitors ... Registry number: EC 3.4.11.- ... Synonym: pro-naphthylamidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Prolipase
<chemical> Pancreatic enzyme preparation that is currently undergoing clinical trials; can be used in dyspepsias associated with chronic hepatic lesions ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

prolixase
<enzyme> Fibrinolytic enzyme in haemolymph of rhodnius prolixus ... Pharmacological action: fibrinolytic agents ... Registry number: EC 3.4.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

prolonged action tablet
sustained action tablet ...

prolyl
The acyl radical of proline. ... Prolyl dipeptidase, an enzyme cleaving l-prolyl-amino acid bonds in dipeptides containing N-terminal prolyl residues. ... Synonym: iminodipeptidase, prolinase, prolylglycine dipeptidase. ... Prolyl hydroxylase, an enzyme that catalyses the hydroxylation of certain prolyl residues in collagen precursors using molecular …

prolyl aminopeptidase
<enzyme> Pepi gene product isolated from lactobacillus delbrueckii ... Registry number: EC 3.4.11.5 ... Synonym: proline aminopeptidase, cytosol aminopeptidase v, proline-imino-peptidase, proline iminopeptidase, pro-x aminopeptidase, pepi gene product, pip gene product, xanthomonas ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

prolyl hydroxylase
Synonym for hydroxyproline ... Specific proline residues on the amino side of a glycine residue in collagen become hydroxylated at C4, before the polypeptides become helical, by the activity of prolyl hydroxylase. This enzyme has a ferrous ion at the active site and a reducing agent such as ascorbate is necessary to maintain the iron in the ferrous …

prolyl oligopeptidase
<enzyme> Cleaves dipeptides from n-terminal end of peptide chain if penultimate residue is proline; before 1992 prolyl endopeptidase (thiol-dependent) was EC 3.4.22.18 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.26 ... Synonym: post-proline cleaving enzyme, proline specific endopeptidase, post-proline endopeptidase, prolyl endopeptidase, proline endopeptida …

prolyl T RNA synthetase
<enzyme> Minor descriptor (75-84); on-line and index medicus search amino acyl t RNA synthetases (75-84) ... Registry number: EC 6.1.1.15 ... Synonym: l-proline-tRNA-pro ligase (AMP-forming) ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

prolylglycine dipeptidase
prolyl dipeptidase ...

prolymphocytic leukaemia
<haematology> A variant of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in which the malignant cells have a more immature appearance. ... The disease requires chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and sometimes removal of the spleen (splenectomy). ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

promastigote
Term now generally used instead of 'leptomonad' or 'leptomonad stage,' to avoid confusion with the flagellate genus Leptomonas. It denotes the flagellate stage of a trypanosomatid protozoan in which the flagellum arises from a kinetoplast in front of the nucleus and emerges from the anterior end of the organism; usually an extracellular phase, as i …

promazine
<chemical> A phenothiazine with actions similar to chlorpromazine but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behaviour and as an antiemetic. ... Pharmacological action: antiemetics, antipsychotic agents, phenothiazine, dopamine antagonists. ... Chemical name: 10H-Phenothiazine-10-propanamine, …

promazine hydrochloride
10-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)phenothiazine hydrochloride;a phenothiazine tranquillising agent with actions and uses similar to those of chlorpromazine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

promedol
<chemical> 1,2,5-trimethyl-4-phenyl-4-piperidinol propionate. A narcotic analgesic similar to meperidine; it exists in four stereoisomers, two of which, the beta (isopromedol) and the gamma (trimeperidine) are active. ... Pharmacological action: analgesics, opioid, narcotics. ... Chemical name: 4-Piperidinol, 1,2,5-trimethyl-4-phenyl-, propanoa …

promegaloblast
The earliest of four maturation stages of the megaloblast. ... See: erythroblast. ... Synonym: pernicious anaemia type rubriblast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

promegestone
<chemical> (17 beta)-17-methyl-17-(1-oxopropyl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one. A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone. ... Pharmacological action: progestational …

prometaphase
<cell biology> Rarely used term that designates an extra stage in mitosis, starting with the breakdown of the nuclear envelope. Usually lumped in with metaphase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

prometaphase banding
Banding done in the stage of mitosis intermediate between prophase and metaphase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

promethazine
<chemical> A phenothiazine derivative with histamine h1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals. ... Pharmacological action: anti-allergic agents, antiemetics, antipruritics, histamine h1 antagonists, sedatives, nonbarbiturate. ... Chemi …

promethazine hydrochloride
10-(2-Dimethylaminopropyl)phenothiazine hydrochloride;an antihistaminic with antiemetic properties. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

promethazine theoclate
Promethiazine salt of 8-chlorotheophylline; an antihistaminic drug used for motion sickness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

promethestrol dipropionate
Dimethylhexestrol dipropionate; 4,4'-(1,2-diethylethylene)di-o-cresol dipropionate;a synthetic oestrogen derived from stilbene. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prometheus
The son of Iapetus (one of the Titans) and Clymene, fabled by the poets to have surpassed all mankind in knowledge, and to have formed men of clay to whom he gave life by means of fire stolen from heaven. Jupiter, being angry at this, sent Mercury to bind Prometheus to Mount Caucasus, where a vulture preyed upon his liver. ... Origin: L, fr. Gr, fro …

promethium
<chemical> Promethium. A radioactive element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol pm, atomic number 61, and atomic weight 147. It has been used in the construction of atomic batteries, in the preparation of self-luminous compounds, and as a beta-particle source for thickness gauges. ... Chemical name: Promethium ... (12 …

prometryne
<chemical> A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. ... Pharmacological action: herbicides, triazine. ... Chemical name: 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4-diamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylethyl)-6-(methylthio)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

prominence
In anatomy, tissues or parts that project beyond a surface. ... Synonym: prominentia. ... Origin: L. Prominentia ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prominence of facial canal
The prominence on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity above the vestibular (oval) window produced by the presence of the facial canal. ... Synonym: prominentia canalis facialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prominence of venous valvular sinus
A slight eminence on the external wall of a vein correlating with the valvular sinus immediately proximal to the leaflets of the venous valve. ... Synonym: agger valvae venae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prominens
Prominent; in anatomy, denoting a prominence. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prominent
1. Standing out, or projecting, beyond the line surface of something; jutting; protuberant; in high relief; as, a prominent figure on a vase. ... 2. Hence; Distinctly manifest; likely to attract attention from its size or position; conspicuous; as, a prominent feature of the face; a prominent building. ... 3. Eminent; distinguished above others; as, …

prominent portal vein radicles
<radiology> Seen in acute hepatitis ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

prominentia
Synonym: prominence. ... Origin: L. Fr. Promineo, to jut out, be prominent ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prominentia canalis facialis
Synonym for prominence of facial canal ... The prominence on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity above the vestibular (oval) window produced by the presence of the facial canal. ... Synonym: prominentia canalis facialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prominentia laryngea
Synonym for laryngeal prominence ... The projection on the anterior portion of the neck formed by the thyroid cartilage of the larynx; serves as an external indication of the level of the fifth cervical vertebra. ... Synonym: prominentia laryngea, Adam's apple, protuberantia laryngea, thyroid eminence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prominentia mallearis
Synonym for mallear prominence ... A small prominence at the upper end of the stria mallearis produced by the lateral process of the malleus. ... Synonym: prominentia mallearis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prominentia spiralis
Synonym for spiral prominence ... A projecting portion of the spiral ligament of the cochlea, bounding the lower edge of the stria vascularis and containing within it a blood vessel, the vas prominens. ... Synonym: prominentia spiralis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prominentia styloidea
Synonym for styloid prominence ... A rounded eminence on the posterior (mastoid) wall of the tympanic cavity corresponding to the base of the styloid process. ... Synonym: prominentia styloidea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

promitochondria
Mitochondrial precursors with little internal structure (e.g., no cristae) and no proteins of electron transport. ... Synonym: premitochondria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

promonocyte
Synonym for premonocyte ... An immature monocyte not normally seen in the circulating blood. ... Synonym: promonocyte. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

promontorium
Synonym: promontory. ... Origin: L. A mountain ridge, a headland, fr. Promineo, to jut out ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

promontorium cavi tympani
Synonym for promontory of tympanic cavity ... A rounded eminence on the labyrinthine wall of the middle ear, caused by the first coil of the cochlea. ... Synonym: promontorium cavi tympani, tuber cochleae, tympanic promontory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

promontorium ossis sacri
Synonym for sacral promontory ... The most prominent anterior projection of the base of the sacrum. ... Synonym: pelvic promontory, promontorium ossis sacri, promontory of the sacrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

promontory
Origin: L. Promonturium, promunturium; pro before + mons, montis, mountain: cf. F. Promontoire. See Mount. ... 1. <physics> A high point of land or rock projecting into the sea beyond the line of coast; a headland; a high cape. 'Like one that stands upon a promontory.' (Shak) ... 2. <anatomy> A projecting part. Especially: The projecting …

promontory common iliac lymph nodes
Nodes of the common iliac group located at the promontory of the sacrum. ... Synonym: nodi lymphatici promontorii, nodi lymphatici iliaci communes promontorii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

promontory of the sacrum
Synonym for sacral promontory ... The most prominent anterior projection of the base of the sacrum. ... Synonym: pelvic promontory, promontorium ossis sacri, promontory of the sacrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

promontory of tympanic cavity
A rounded eminence on the labyrinthine wall of the middle ear, caused by the first coil of the cochlea. ... Synonym: promontorium cavi tympani, tuber cochleae, tympanic promontory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

promorphology
<biology, study> Crystallography of organic forms; a division of morphology created by Haeckel. It is essentially stereometric, and relates to a mathematical conception of organic forms. See Tectology. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

promoter
<molecular biology> A region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds before initiating the transcription of DNA into RNA. ... The nucleotide at which transcription starts is designated +1 and nucleotides are numbered from this with negative numbers indicating upstream nucleotides and positive downstream nucleotides. ... most bacterial promoters co …

promoter insertion
<molecular biology> Activation of a gene by the nearby integration of a virus. The long-terminal repeat acts as a promoter for the host gene. A form of insertional mutagenesis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

promoter regions
<genetics> DNA sequences which are recognised (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the pribnow box in bacteria and the tata box in eukaryotes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

promotion
Stimulation of tumour induction, following initiation, by a promoting agent which may of itself be noncarcinogenic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prompt insulin zinc suspension
Sterile suspension of insulin in buffered water for injection, modified by the addition of zinc chloride such that the solid phase of the suspension is amorphous; it contains 40 or 80 units per ml; the duration of action is equivalent to that of insulin injection. ... Synonym: amorphous insulin zinc suspension, semilente insulin. ... (05 Mar 2000) …