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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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provacuole<plant biology> In plant cells provacuoles are budded directly from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and fuse with other provacuoles to form vacuoles. Since vacuoles may contain hydrolytic enzymes, it is therefore possible to consider them as analogues of primary lysosomes in animal cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
prove1. To try or to ascertain by an experiment, or by a test or standard; to test; as, to prove the strength of gunpowder or of ordnance; to prove the contents of a vessel by a standard measure. 'Thou hast proved mine heart.' (Ps. Xvii. 3) ... 2. To evince, establish, or ascertain, as truth, reality, or fact, by argument, testimony, or other evidence. ' …
provenanceFor seeding material, the provenance is the harvest location, for plants, it is both the harvest location and the location of the nursery. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
provender1. Dry food for domestic animals, as hay, straw, corn, oats, or a mixture of ground grain; feed. 'Hay or other provender.' 'Good provender laboring horses would have.' (Tusser) ... 2. Food or provisions. ... Origin: OE. Provende, F. Provende, provisions, provender, fr. LL. Praebenda (prae and pro being confused), a daily allowance of provisions, a pr …
proventriculusThe glandular first portion of the stomach of birds, in which food from the crop (crop, avian) is mixed with peptic enzymes and passed to the gizzard. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
provertebraSynonym for protovertebra ... Origin: Proto- + vertebra. ... <anatomy> One of the primitive masses, or segments, into which the mesoblast of the vertebrate embryo breaks up on either side of the anterior part of the notochord; a mesoblastic, or protovertebral, somite. ... The protovertebrae were long regarded as rudiments of the permanent verteb …
provide1. To look out for in advance; to procure beforehand; to get, collect, or make ready for future use; to prepare. 'Provide us all things necessary.' ... 2. To supply; to afford; to contribute. 'Bring me berries, or such cooling fruit As the kind, hospitable woods provide.' (Milton) ... 3. To furnish; to supply; formerly followed by of, now by with. 'A …
providedOn condition; by stipulation; with the understanding; if; usually followed by that; as, provided that nothing in this act shall prejudice the rights of any person whatever. 'Provided the deductions are logical, they seem almost indifferent to their truth.' (G. H. Lewes) ... This word is strictly a participle, and the word being is understood, the pa …
providence1. The act of providing or preparing for future use or application; a making ready; preparation. 'Providence for war is the best prevention of it.' (Bacon) ... 2. Foresight; care; especially, the foresight and care which God manifests for his creatures; hence, God himself, regarded as exercising a constant wise prescience. 'The world was all before …
providenciaGram-negative rods isolated from human urine and feces. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Providencia alcalifaciensA species found in extraintestinal sources, particularly in urinary tract infections; it has also been isolated from small outbreaks and sporadic cases of diarrhoeal disease; it is the type species of the genus Providencia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Providencia rettgeriSpecies that is found in chicken cholera and human gastroenteritis. ... Synonym: Proteus rettgeri. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Providencia stuartiiA species isolated from urinary tract infections and from small outbreaks and sporadic cases of diarrhoeal disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
providentForeseeing wants and making provision to supply them; prudent in preparing for future exigencies; cautious; economical; sometimes followed by of; as, aprovident man; an animal provident of the future. 'And of our good and of our dignity, How provident he is.' (Milton) ... Synonym: Forecasting, cautious, careful, prudent, frugal, economical. ... Origi …
province1. A country or region, more or less remote from the city of Rome, brought under the Roman government; a conquered country beyond the limits of Italy. ... 2. A country or region dependent on a distant authority; a portion of an empire or state, especially. One remote from the capital. 'Kingdoms and provinces.' ... 3. A region of country; a tract; a d …
provirus<virology> The genome of a virus when it is integrated into the host cell DNA. In the case of the retroviruses, their RNA genome has first to be transcribed to DNA by reverse transcriptase. The genes of the provirus may be transcribed and expressed or the provirus may be maintained in a latent condition. The integration of the oncogenic virus …
provirusesDuplex DNA sequences in a eukaryotic chromosome (corresponding to the genome of an RNA retrovirus) that are transmitted from one cell generation to the next without causing lysis of the host. Proviruses are often associated with neoplastic cell transformation and are key features of retrovirus biology. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
provision1. The act of providing, or making previous preparation. ... 2. That which is provided or prepared; that which is brought together or arranged in advance; measures taken beforehand; preparation. 'Making provision for the relief of strangers.' (Bacon) ... 3. Especially, a stock of food; any kind of eatables collected or stored; often in the plural. 'A …
provisional callusThe callus that develops to keep the ends of the fractured bone in apposition; it is absorbed after union is complete. ... Synonym: temporary callus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
provisional cortexSynonym for foetal adrenal cortex ... An extensive area of the adrenal gland present in primates during foetal life and for a short period after birth; located between the definitive cortex and the medulla, it contains large steroid-secreting cells arranged in a reticular pattern; involution of this zone in humans is largely completed by three month …
provisional dentureSynonym for interim denture ... A dental prosthesis to be used for a short interval of time for reasons of esthetics, mastication, occlusal support, or convenience, or to condition the patient to accept an artificial substitute for missing natural teeth until more definite prosthetic dental treatment can be provided. ... Synonym: provisional denture, …
provisional ligatureA ligature applied to an artery in continuity at the beginning of an operation to prevent haemorrhage, but removed when the operation is completed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
provisional prosthesisAn interim dental prosthesis worn for varying periods of time. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
provisor1. One who provides; a purveyor. 'The chief provisor of our horse.' ... 2. The purveyor, steward, or treasurer of a religious house. One who is regularly inducted into a benefice. See Provision. ... 3. One who procures or receives a papal provision. See Provision. ... Origin: L, fr. Providere: cf. F. Proviseur. See Provide. ... Source: Websters Diction …
provitaminA chemical that becomes a vitaminvia a natural reaction within anorganism, such as when 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin becomes vitamin Dwhen its exposed to sunlight. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
provitamin ATrivial name for carotenoids exhibiting qualitatively the biological activity of beta-carotene, i.e., vitamin A precursors (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-carotene and cryptoxanthin); contained in fish liver oils, spinach, carrots, egg yolk, milk products, and other green leaf or yellow vegetables and fruits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
provitamin D2Any substance that can give rise to ergocalciferol (vitamin D2); e.g., ergosterol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
provitamin D3Synonym for 7-dehydrocholesterol ... Cholesta-5,7-dien-3b-ol;a zoosterol in skin and other animal tissues that upon activation by ultraviolet light becomes antirachitic and is then referred to as cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). ... Synonym: provitamin D3. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
provocation1. The act of provoking, or causing vexation or, anger. ... 2. That which provokes, or excites anger; the cause of resentment; as, to give provocation. ... 3. Incitement; stimulus; as, provocation to mirth. ... 4. Such prior insult or injury as may be supposed, under the circumstances, to create hot blood, and to excuse an assault made in retort or re …
provocation typhoidAn accelerated onset of typhoid fever, sometimes of unusual severity, resulting from typhoid-paratyphoid A and B (T.A.B.) vaccination late in the incubation period. ... Walking typhoid, typhoid fever without much prostration, the patient being up and around and sometimes working. ... Synonym: ambulatory typhoid, latent typhoid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
provocative testAny procedure in which a suspected pathophysiological abnormality is deliberately induced by manipulating conditions known to provoke the abnormality. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
provocative Wassermann testAn obsolete test of historical interest only; the use of the Wassermann test from one or two days to one or two weeks after the administration of arsphenamine or neoarsphenamine; the result may then be positive when before the giving of arsphenamine it was negative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
provost1. A person who is appointed to superintend, or preside over, something; the chief magistrate in some cities and towns; as, the provost of Edinburgh or of Glasgow, answering to the mayor of other cities; the provost of a college, answering to president; the provost or head of certain collegiate churches. ... 2. The keeper of a prison. ... In France, …
Prowazek bodiesHistoric term for either of two types of inclusion body's associated with certain diseases: 1) trachoma body's; 2) tiny, ovoid, granular forms, frequently in pairs, observed in the cytoplasm and in Guarnieri body's in the cutaneous squamous cells of man and animals infected with variola (smallpox) or vaccinia virus; probably the same as Paschen bod …
Prowazek-Greeff bodiesSynonym for trachoma bodies ... Distinctive, complex, intracytoplasmic forms found in the conjunctival epithelial cells of persons in the acute phase of trachoma, less frequently in later stages, varying from 1) discrete acidophilic granules (approximately 250 nm in diameter), to 2) irregular clumps of such material embedded in a basophilic matrix, …
Prowazek, Stanislas von<person> German protozoologist, 1876-1915. ... See: Prowazekia, Prowazek bodies, Prowazek-Greeff bodies, Halberstaedter-Prowazek bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ProwazekiaA genus of coprozoic flagellate protozoans, formerly part of the genus Bodo; the organisms may be parasitic but are not, so far as is known, pathogenic. ... Origin: S. Prowazek ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ProwerSurname of the patient in whom the Stuart-Prower factor was first discovered. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proxaemicsThe scientific discipline concerned with the various aspects of urban overcrowding. ... Origin: L. Proximus, nearest, next ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proximal<anatomy> Nearest to, closer to any point of reference, opposed to distal. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
proximal border of nailThe proximal border of the nail entirely covered by the nail wall. ... Synonym: margo occultus unguis, occult border of nail. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proximal cariesCaries occurring in the proximal surface, either distal or mesial, of a tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proximal centrioleThe centriole that lies in a depression in the wall of the posterior portion of the nucleus of the developing spermatozoon. ... Synonym: anterior centriole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proximal contactProximate contact, the area where the surfaces of two adjacent teeth in the same arch touch. ... Contact with reality, correctly interpreting external phenomena in relation to the norms of one's social or cultural milieu. ... Working contacts, working or occlusion; contact's of teeth made on the side of the occlusion toward which the mandible has bee …
proximal femoral focal deficiencyA congenital defect in which variable portions of the upper end of the femur are reduced or absent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proximal interphalangeal jointsThe synovial joint's between the proximal and middle phalanges of the fingers and of the toes. ... Synonym: PIP joints. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proximal radioulnar articulationSynonym for proximal radioulnar joint ... The pivot synovial joint between the head of the radius and the ring formed by the radial notch of the ulna and the annular ligament. ... Synonym: articulatio radioulnaris proximalis, proximal radioulnar articulation, superior radioulnar joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proximal radioulnar jointThe pivot synovial joint between the head of the radius and the ring formed by the radial notch of the ulna and the annular ligament. ... Synonym: articulatio radioulnaris proximalis, proximal radioulnar articulation, superior radioulnar joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proximal small bowel disease<radiology> Giardia, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, Zollinger-Ellison ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
proximal spiral septumSee: spiral septum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proximal tibiofibular jointThe plane synovial joint between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula. ... Synonym: articulatio tibiofibularis, superior tibial articulation, superior tibiofibular joint, tibiofibular articulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proximal urethral sphincterSynonym for sphincter vesicae ... The complete collar of smooth muscle cells of the neck of the urinary bladder which extend distally to surround the preprostatic sportion of the male urethra. There is not a comparable structure in the neck of the femoral bladder; the internal urethral sphincter may exist to prevent reflux of semen into bladder. ... …
proximalisSynonym: proximal. ... Origin: Mod. L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proximateNearest; next immediately preceding or following. 'Proximate ancestors.' 'The proximate natural causes of it [the deluge]' (T. ... <medicine> Burnet) Proximate analysis, one of a class of bodies existing ready formed in animal and vegetable tissues, and separable by chemical analysis, as albumin, sugar, collagen, fat, etc. ... Synonym: Nearest, …
proximate analysisAn analysis which reports volatile matter, fixed carbon, moisture content, and ash present in a fuel as a percentage of dry fuel weight. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
proximate causeThe immediate cause that precipitates a condition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proximate principleIn chemistry, an organic compound that may exist already formed as a part of some other more complex substance (e.g., various sugars, starches, and albumins). ... Synonym: organic principle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proximo-Proximal. ... Origin: L. Proximus, nearest, next (to) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proximoataxiaAtaxia or lack of muscular coordination in the proximal portions of the extremities, i.e., arms and forearms, thighs and legs. ... Compare: acroataxia. ... Origin: proximo-+ ataxia ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proximobuccalRelating to the proximal and buccal surfaces of a tooth; denoting the angle formed by their junction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proximolabialRelating to the proximal and labial surfaces of a tooth; denoting the angle formed by their junction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proximolingualRelating to the proximal and lingual surfaces of a tooth; denoting the angle formed by their junction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proxyOrigin: Contr. From procuracy. Cf. Proctor. ... 1. The agency for another who acts through the agent; authority to act for another, especially. To vote in a legislative or corporate capacity. 'I have no man's proxy: I speak only for myself.' (Burke) ... 2. The person who is substituted or deputed to act or vote for another. 'Every peer . . . May make …
proxy, health careA health care proxy is one form of advance medical directive. Advance medical directives preserve the person's right to accept or reject a course of medical treatment even after that person becomes mentally or physically incapacitated to the point of being unable to communicate those wishes. There are two basic forms of advance directives: ... 1. A …
proxymetacaine hydrochlorideSynonym for proparacaine hydrochloride ... 2-diethylaminoethyl-3-amino-4-propoxybenzoate hydrochloride;a surface anaesthetic agent used in ophthalmology. ... Synonym: proxymetacaine hydrochloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prozacA common prescription anti-depressant drug, it is classed as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, or SSRI, which functionally means that it increases the levels of serotonin in the body. This drug, as is the case with other SSRIs, can be dangerous if they are mixed with other drugs such as other antidepressants, illicit drugs (LSD, cocaine, me …
prozapine1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)hexamethyleneimine;an intestinal antispasmodic with choleretic properties. ... Synonym: hexadiphane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prozone<immunology> Prozone phenomena occur in immunological reactions when the concentrations of antibody or other active immune agent are so high that the optimum concentration for maximal reaction with antigen is exceeded. Immunological phenomena in the prozone region may show partial or total inhibition. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
prozygosisSynonym: syncephaly. ... Origin: G. Pro, before, + zygosis, a yoking ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prozymogen granule<cell biology> Stage in the development of a mature secretory vesicle (zymogen granule). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
PrP<protein> PrPc is a normal protein anchored to the outer surface of neurons and, to a lesser extent, the surfaces of other cells, including lymphocytes. The prion thought to be responsible for scrapie and other spongiform encephalopathies is hypothesised to be a modified form of PrPc, PrPSc. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
prp 27-30 proteinProtease-resistant core of prpsc, the abnormal isoform of prion proteins (prions). Prp 27-30 is produced by limited proteolysis of the n-terminus of prpsc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
prpc proteinsNormal cellular isoform of prion proteins (prions) encoded by a chromosomal gene and found in normal and scrapie-infected brain tissue, and other normal tissue. Prpc are protease-sensitive proteins whose function is unknown. Posttranslational modification of prpc into prpsc leads to infectivity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
PRPP<abbreviation> 5-phospho-alpha-d-ribosyl 1-pyrophosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
PRPP synthetase<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the reaction of alpha-d-ribose-5-phosphate and ATP to produce PRPP and AMP; a regulatory enzyme in purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis; enhanced activity of this enzyme results in an increase in purine biosynthesis leading to gout. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prpsc proteinsAbnormal isoform of prion proteins (prions) resulting from a posttranslational modification of the cellular prion protein (prpc proteins). Prpsc are disease-specific proteins seen in certain human and animal neurodegenerative diseases (prion diseases). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Prt1 protease<enzyme> Extracellular protease from erwinia carotovora; has significant sequence indentity with thermolysin ... Registry number: EC 3.4.24.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
PrtA metalloprotease<enzyme> Secreted by erwinia chrysanthemi into extracellular medium by a signal peptide-independent pathway ... Registry number: EC 3.4.24.- ... Synonym: prta gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
PrtB metalloprotease<enzyme> Secreted by erwinia chrysanthemi ec16; essential for extracellular secretion of metalloproteases genbank m93262 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.24.- ... Synonym: prtb gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
PrtG metalloprotease<enzyme> An extracellular metalloprotease secreted by the gram-negative erwinia chrysanthemi through a signal peptide-independent secretion pathway; amino acid sequence has been determined ... Registry number: EC 3.4.24.- ... Synonym: metalloprotease prtg ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
prudeA woman of affected modesty, reserve, or coyness; one who is overscrupulous or sensitive; one who affects extraordinary prudence in conduct and speech. 'Less modest than the speech of prudes.' (Swift) ... Origin: F, prudish, originally, discreet, modest; shortened from OF. Prudefeme, preudefeme, a discreet or excellent woman; OF. Preu, prou, excelle …
prudenceThe quality or state of being prudent; wisdom in the way of caution and provision; discretion; carefulness; hence, also, economy; frugality. 'Prudence is principally in reference to actions to be done, and due means, order, seasons, and method of doing or not doing.' (Sir M. Hale) 'Prudence supposes the value of the end to be assumed, and refers on …
prudential1. Proceeding from, or dictated or characterised by, prudence; prudent; discreet; sometimes, selfish or pecuniary as distinguished from higher motives or influences; as, prudential motives. ' A prudential line of conduct.' ... 2. Exercising prudence; discretionary; advisory; superintending or executive; as, a prudential committee. ... Source: Webster …
pruinoseHaving a whitish, waxy, powdery bloom on the surface. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
prunasin hydrolase<enzyme> Cleaves prunasin to form mandelonitrile and glucose ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... Synonym: prunasin beta-glucosidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
prune1. To lop or cut off the superfluous parts, branches, or shoots of; to clear of useless material; to shape or smooth by trimming; to trim: as, to prune trees; to prune an essay. 'Taking into consideration how they [laws] are to be pruned and reformed.' (Bacon) 'Our delightful task To prune these growing plants, and tend these flowers.' (Milton) ... …
prune bellySee: abdominal muscle deficiency syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prune belly syndrome<radiology> Absent abdominal musculature, undescended testes, dilated ureters and calyces, clubbed feet, heart and lung abnormalities, predominantly in males ... Synonym: Eagle-Barrett syndrome ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
prune-juice expectorationSynonym for prune-juice sputum ... A thin reddish expectoration, characteristic of necrosis of lung tissue, usually by infection; due to haemorrhage caused by destruction of the lung parenchyma; sometimes seen with lung tumours. ... Synonym: prune-juice expectoration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prune-juice sputumA thin reddish expectoration, characteristic of necrosis of lung tissue, usually by infection; due to haemorrhage caused by destruction of the lung parenchyma; sometimes seen with lung tumours. ... Synonym: prune-juice expectoration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pruner1. One who prunes, or removes, what is superfluous. ... 2. <zoology> Any one of several species of beetles whose larvae gnaw the branches of trees so as to cause them to fall, especially the American oak pruner (Asemum moestum), whose larva eats the pith of oak branches, and when mature gnaws a circular furrow on the inside nearly to the bark. …
pruningCutting off of individual plant parts or whole plants for cultivation of the individual plant (growth promotion) in order to obtain a certain form or a certain structure of the community. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
prunus<botany> A genus of trees with perigynous rosaceous flowers, and a single two-ovuled carpel which usually becomes a drupe in ripening. ... Originally, this genus was limited to the plums, then, by Linnaeus, was made to include the cherries and the apricot. Later botanists separated these into several genera, as Prunus, Cerasus, and Armeniaca, …
Prunus virginianaWild black cherry bark, the bark of Prunus serotina, used as a tonic and in cough mixtures as a bronchial sedative, the choke cherry; the chief substitute and adulterant of Prunus serotina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prurigo aestivalisA form recurring each summer, becoming very severe as long as the hot weather continues. ... Synonym: actinic prurigo, summer prurigo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prurigo agriaSynonym for Hebra's prurigo ... A severe form of chronic dermatitis with secondary infection in which there are constantly recurring, intensely itchy papules and nodules, often associated with atopy. ... Synonym: prurigo agria, prurigo ferox. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prurigo feroxSynonym for Hebra's prurigo ... A severe form of chronic dermatitis with secondary infection in which there are constantly recurring, intensely itchy papules and nodules, often associated with atopy. ... Synonym: prurigo agria, prurigo ferox. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prurigo gestationisA pruritic papular skin disease occurring in pregnant women, without adversely affecting pregnancy or the foetus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prurigo infantilisSynonym for papular urticaria ... A sensitivity reaction to insect bites, especially human and pet fleas, seen mostly in young children as wheals followed by papules on exposed areas. ... Synonym: lichen urticatus, prurigo infantilis, urticaria papulosa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prurigo mitisA mild form of a chronic dermatitis characterised by recurring, intensely itching papules and nodules, probably atopic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
