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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

progeria with cataract
Synonym for dyscephalia mandibulo-oculofacialis ... A syndrome of bony anomalies of the calvaria, face, and jaw, with brachygnathia, narrow curved nose, and multiple ocular defects including microphthalmia, microcornea, and cataract, often with alopecia overlying skull sutures, or alopecia areata and hypoplasia, or absence of eyebrows. The pattern o …

progestational
1. Favouring pregnancy; conducive to gestation; capable of stimulating the uterine changes essential for implantation and growth of a fertilised ovum. ... 2. Referring to progesterone, or to a drug with progesterone-like properties. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

progestational hormones
A class of sex hormones associated with certain changes in the uterus and vagina during the menstrual cycle. They are necessary for the development of mammary tissue and for the maintenance of pregnancy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

progestational hormones, synthetic
Compounds obtained by chemical synthesis that possess progestational activity, but differ in structure from naturally occurring progestational hormones. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

progesterone 20-keto-reductase
<enzyme> Rat liver microsome enzyme requires NADPH to form the 20beta alcohol, also forms 20alpha oh using NADH ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... Synonym: progesterone 20-reductase, progesterone 20-beta reductase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

progesterone 5 alpha-reductase
<enzyme> Do not confuse this with progesterone reductase which is a 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ... Registry number: EC 1.3.1.30 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

progesterone 5 beta-reductase
<enzyme> A stereospecific enzyme; forms 5 beta-pregnane-3,20-dione from progesterone; see also progesterone 5 alpha-reductase ... Registry number: EC 1.3.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

progesterone receptor assay
The progesterone receptor test (PgR assay) checks the tumour for its hormone status. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

progesterone reductase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the reduction of a 3 beta-hydroxy-delta(5)-steroid to 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid in the presence of NAD. It converts pregnenolone to progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione.45. ... Chemical name: 3 beta-Hydroxy-delta(5)-steroid:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.145 ... (12 Dec 19 …

progesterone unit
The progestational activity of 1 mg of unit of progestational activity; standard preparation of pure progesterone. ... See: Clauberg test, Corner-Allen unit. ... Synonym: corpus luteum hormone unit, unit of luteinizing activity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

progesterone-6-hydroxylase
<enzyme> Cytochrome p-450 2c3 with valine at position 364 which confers 6beta-hydroxylase activity; see also cyp2c3 gene product ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... Synonym: progesterone 6beta-hydroxylase, cytochrome p450 2c3v ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

progesterone-binding globulin
A glycoprotein migrating as alpha 1-globulin, molecular weight 70,000 to 120,000. The protein, which is present in increased amounts in the plasma during pregnancy, binds mainly progesterone, with other steroids including testosterone competing weakly. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

progestin
Any of several steroid hormones that prepare the uterus for egg implantation and pregnancy. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

progestogen
<biochemistry> A term applied to any substance possessing progestational activity. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

proglossis
The anterior portion, or tip, of the tongue. ... Origin: pro-+ G. Glossa, tongue ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proglumide
<chemical> 4-benzamido-n,n-dipropylglutaramic acid. A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers. ... Pharmacological action: anti-ulcer agents. ... Chemical name: Pentanoic acid, 4-(benzoylamino)-5-(dipropylamino)-5-oxo-, …

progne
<zoology> A swallow. ... A genus of swallows including the purple martin. See Martin. ... An American butterfly (Polygonia, or Vanessa, Progne). It is orange and black above, grayish beneath, with an L-shaped silver mark on the hind wings. ... Synonym: gray comma. ... Origin: L, a swallow, traditionally said to be fr. Progne (The sister of Philom …

prognose
Synonym for prognosticate ... To give a prognosis. ... Synonym: prognose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prognosis
A forecast as to the probable outcome of an attack or disease, the prospect as to recovery from a disease as indicated by the nature and symptoms of the case. ... Origin: Gr. Prognosis = foreknowledge ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

prognostic
1. That which prognosticates; a sign by which a future event may be known or foretold; an indication; a sign or omen; hence, a foretelling; a prediction. 'That choice would inevitably be considered by the country as a prognostic of the highest import.' (Macaulay) ... 2. <medicine> A sign or symptom indicating the course and termination of a di …

prognosticate
To give a prognosis. ... Synonym: prognose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prognostician
One skilled in prognosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

progonoma
<oncology, tumour> A tumour caused by tissue developing in the wrong place in the body. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

progonoma of jaw
Synonym for melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy ... A benign neoplasm of neuroectodermal origin that most often involves the anterior maxilla of infants in the first year of life. It presents clinically as a rapidly growing blue-black lesion producing a destructive radiolucency; histologically, it is characterised by small round undifferenti …

prograde
In the normal direction of flow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

program
1. A formal set of procedures for conducting an activity. ... 2. An ordered list of instructions directing a computer to carry out a desired sequence of operations required to solve a problem. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

program development
The process of formulating, improving, and expanding educational, managerial, or service-oriented work plans (excluding computer program development). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

program evaluation
Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

programmed cell death
<cell biology, molecular biology> The concept that certain cells are determined to die at specific stages and specific sites during development, for example cells in the spaces between the developing digits of vertebrates, thus dividing them. Programmed cell death occurs by apopotosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

programmed instruction
A teaching method which employs self-instructional programs enabling the student to learn at his own pace. Teaching machines or programmed textbooks may be used. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

programmed timber harvest
A timber harvest scheduled by a management plan to occur at a certain rate. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

programming languages
Specific languages used to prepare computer programs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

programming, linear
A technique of operations research for solving certain kinds of problems involving many variables where a best value or set of best values is to be found. It is most likely to be feasible when the quantity to be optimised, sometimes called the objective function, can be stated as a mathematical expression in terms of the various activities within t …

programs
Lists of the events, pieces, performers, speaker, etc., of an entertainment, ceremony, or the like. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

progranulocyte
Synonym for promyelocyte ... <haematology> Cell of the bone marrow that derive from myeloblasts and will give rise to myelocytes, precursors of myeloid cells and neutrophil granulocytes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

progress
1. A moving or going forward; a proceeding onward; an advance; specifically: In actual space, as the progress of a ship, carriage, etc. ... In the growth of an animal or plant; increase. ... In business of any kind; as, the progress of a negotiation; the progress of art. ... In knowledge; in proficiency; as, the progress of a child at school. ... Towar …

progress curve
A graphical representation of a chemical or enzyme-catalyzed reaction in which the product concentration or the substrate concentration or the ES binary complex are plotted against time. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

progress zone
An undifferentiated population of mesenchyme cells beneath the apical ectodermal ridge of the chick limb bud from which the sucessive parts of the limb are laid down in a proximo distal sequence. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

progression
1. The act of moving forward; a proceeding in a course; motion onward. ... 2. Course; passage; lapse or process of time. 'I hope, in a short progression, you will be wholly immerged in the delices and joys of religion.' (Evelyn) ... 3. <mathematics> Regular or proportional advance in increase or decrease of numbers; continued proportion, arithm …

progressive
Advancing, going forward, going from bad to worse, increasing in scope or severity. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

progressive bulbar palsy
One of the subgroups of motor neuron disease; a progressive degenerative disorder of the motor neurons of primarily the brainstem, manifested as weakness (and wasting) of the various bulbar muscles, resulting in dysarthria and dysphagia-fluid regurgitation is an outstanding symptom and can cause aspiration; tongue weakness and wasting is usually ev …

progressive bulbar paralysis
Progressive weakness and atrophy of the muscles of the tongue, lips, palate, pharynx, and larynx, usually occurring in later life; most often caused by motor neuron disease. ... Synonym: bulbar palsy, bulbar paralysis, Duchenne's disease, Erb disease, glossolabiolaryngeal paralysis, glossolabiopharyngeal paralysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

progressive cataract
A cataract in which the opacification process progresses to involve the entire lens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

progressive cerebellar tremor
Synonym for Hunt's syndrome ... <syndrome> An intention tremor beginning in one extremity, gradually increasing in intensity, and subsequently involving other parts of the body. ... Synonym: progressive cerebellar tremor. ... Facial paralysis, otalgia, and herpes zoster resulting from viral infection of the seventh cranial nerve and geniculate g …

progressive cerebral poliodystrophy
Synonym for poliodystrophia cerebri progressiva infantilis ... Familial progressive spastic paresis of extremities with progressive mental deterioration, with development of seizures, blindness and deafness, beginning during the first year of life, and with destruction and disorganization of nerve cells of the cerebral cortex. ... Synonym: Alpers dis …

progressive choroidal atrophy
Synonym for choroideraemia ... An x chromosome-linked abnormality characterised by atrophy of the choroid and degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium causing night blindness. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

progressive cleavage
In fungi, a type of sporulation in which cleavage planes in the cytoplasm first produce protospores and then sporangiospores in a sporangium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

progressive emphysematous necrosis
Synonym for gas gangrene ... <microbiology> A severe form of gangrene (tissue necrosis) caused by Clostridium infection. Also referred to as necrotising subcutaneous infection. ... Results in death of the subcutaneous tissues and muscle layers. ... See: necrotising fascitis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

progressive familial scleroderma
A syndrome characterised by calcinosis cutis, Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia; usually due to scleroderma; autosomal dominant form of progressive systemic sclerosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

progressive lipodystrophy
A condition characterised by a complete loss of the subcutaneous fat of the upper part of the torso, the arms, neck, and face, sometimes with an increase of fat in the tissues about and below the pelvis. ... Synonym: Barraquer's disease, lipodystrophia progessiva superior, partial lipoatrophy, Simons' disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

progressive massive fibrosis
<radiology> Progressive massive fibrosis, silicosis (properly conglomerate nodules, not progressive massive fibrosis), coal worker's pneumoconiosis, density (conglomerate mass) in upper lobe, retracts toward hilum, leaves emphysematous change (bullae) at lung periphery ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

progressive muscle relaxation
A cognitive-behavioural strategy in which muscles are alternately tensed and then relaxed in a systematic fashion. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

progressive muscular atrophy
Synonym for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ... A serious neurologic disease that results from the progressive degeneration of the motor neurons. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

progressive muscular dystrophy
A form of progressive muscular atrophy in which the disease begins in the muscle and not in the spinal centres. ... Synonym: Erb atrophy, idiopathic muscular atrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

progressive patient care
Organization of medical and nursing care according to the degree of illness and care requirements in the hospital. The elements are intensive care, intermediate care, self-care, long-term care, and organised home care. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

progressive pigmentary dermatosis
Chronic purpura, especially of the legs in men, spreading to form brownish patches; associated microscopically with perivascular lymphatic infiltration, diapedesis, and haemosiderosis. ... Synonym: Schamberg's dermatitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

progressive pneumonia
A chronic progressive, viral disease of sheep and goats manifested as maedi or visna in different parts of the world. ... See: maedi, visna. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

progressive pneumonia virus
Synonym for maedi virus ... A retrovirus (subfamily Lentivirinae) that is the cause of maedi; it is very similar to the visna virus ... Synonym: medi virus, progressive pneumonia virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

progressive processes
Process's that continue after they no longer serve the needs of the organism, and after cessation of the stimulus that evoked the process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

progressive spinal amyotrophy
Synonym for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ... A serious neurologic disease that results from the progressive degeneration of the motor neurons. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

progressive spinal muscular atrophy
One of the subgroups of motor neuron disease; a progressive degenerative disorder of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, manifested as progressive, often symmetrical, weakness and wasting, typically beginning in the distal portions of the limbs, particularly in the upper extremities, and spreading proximally; fasciculation potentials are often pr …

progressive staining
A procedure in which staining is continued until the desired intensity of colouring of tissue elements is attained. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

progressive supranuclear palsy
A disorder that is associated with nerve cell destruction and progressive lack of coordination, neck stiffness, trunk stiffness, problems with eye movement and mild dementia. Disorders that are similar include Alzheimer's disease, cerebellar dysfunction, Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease and Parkinson's disease. The cause for progressive supranuclear palsy …

progressive torsion spasm
Synonym for dystonia musculorum deformans ... A genetic, environmental, or idiopathic disorder, usually beginning in childhood or adolescence, marked by muscular contractions that distort the spine, limbs, hips, and sometimes the cranial-innervated muscles. The abnormal movements are increased by excitement and, at least initially, abolished by slee …

progressive vaccinia
A severe or even fatal form of vaccinia occurring chiefly in subjects with an immunologic deficiency or dyscrasia and characterised by progressive enlargement of the initial and also of secondary lesions. ... Synonym: vaccinia gangrenosa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proguanil hydrochloride
Synonym for chloroguanide hydrochloride ... 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-5-isopropylbiguanide monohydrochloride;an antimalarial drug. ... Synonym: chlorguanide hydrochloride, proguanil hydrochloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prohibit
1. To forbid by authority; to interdict; as, God prohibited Adam from eating of the fruit of a certain tree; we prohibit a person from doing a thing, and also the doing of the thing; as, the law prohibits men from stealing, or it prohibits stealing. ... Prohibit was formerly followed by to with the infinitive, but is now commonly followed by from wi …

prohormone
<endocrinology> A protein hormone before processing to remove parts of its sequence and thus make it active. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

prohormone thiol protease
<enzyme> Catalyses the final step of (met)enkephalin sythesis in chromaffin granules ... Registry number: EC 3.4.22.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

proinsulin
<protein> The substance made first in the pancreas that is then made into insulin. When insulin is purified from the pancreas of pork or beef, all the proinsulin is not fully removed. When some people use these insulins, the proinsulin can cause the body to react with a rash, to resist the insulin, or even to make dents or lumps in the skin a …

proiosystolia
Condition in which proiosystoles occur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

project
1. To shoot forward; to extend beyond something else; to be prominent; to jut; as, the cornice projects; branches project from the tree. ... 2. To form a project; to scheme. ... 1. The place from which a thing projects, or starts forth. ... 2. That which is projected or designed; something intended or devised; a scheme; a design; a plan. 'Vented much …

projectile vomiting
Expulsion of the contents of the stomach with great force. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

projection
1. The act of throwing or shooting forward. ... 2. A jutting out; also, a part jutting out, as of a building; an extension beyond something else. ... 3. The act of scheming or planning; also, that which is planned; contrivance; design; plan. ... 4. The representation of something; delineation; plan; especially, the representation of any object on a pe …

projection fibres
Nerve fibre's connecting the cerebral cortex with other centres in the brain or spinal cord; fibres arising from cells in the central nervous system that pass to distant loci. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

projection lens
<microscopy> The final lens in the electron microscope. The lens focuses the electrons onto a fluorescent screen to produce the visible image. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

projection perimeter
A perimeter that uses as target a spot of light that can be adjusted rapidly as to size, brightness, and colour, and moves silently at any desired speed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

projection system
The system of axons carrying stimuli from one portion of the nervous system to other portions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

projective techniques
Techniques whereby personality attributes are revealed through the subject's responses to relatively unstructured, ambiguous, or vague stimuli. These responses represent projections of the subject's own fears and needs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

projective test
A loosely structured psychological test containing many ambiguous stimuli that require the subject to reveal his own feelings, personality, or psychopathology in response to them; e.g., Rorschach test, thematic apperception test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

projector
One who projects a scheme or design; hence, one who forms fanciful or chimerical schemes. An optical instrument which projects an image from a transparency onto a projection screen or other surface, using an intense light and one or more lenses to focus the image. Slide projector; movie projector. Overhead projector. ... Origin: Cf. F. Projeteur. …

Prokaryotae
A superkingdom of cellular organisms that includes the kingdom Monera (bacteria and blue-green algae) and is characterised by the prokaryotic condition, minute size (0.2-10 um for bacteria) and absence of the nuclear organization, mitotic capacities, and complex organelles that typify the superkingdom Eukaryotae. ... Synonym: Procaryotae. ... (05 Mar …

prokaryote
Organisms, namely bacteria and cyanobacteria (formerly known as blue green algae), characterised by the possession of a simple naked DNA chromosome, occasionally two such chromosomes, usually of circular structure, without a nuclear membrane and possessing a very small range of organelles, generally only a plasma membrane and ribosomes. ... (18 Nov …

prokaryotic
Pertaining to or characteristic of a prokaryote. ... Synonym: procaryotic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prokaryotic cell
A cell that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, for example bacteria. Prokaryotic genetic material exists in the form of a single, circular, DNA molecule and is arranged in operons. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

prokaryotic cells
Cells, such as those of bacteria and the blue green algae, which lack a nuclear membrane so that the nuclear material is either scattered in the cytoplasm or collected in a nucleoid region. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

prolabial
Denoting the isolated central soft-tissue segment of the upper lip in the embryonic state and in an unrepaired bilateral cleft palate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prolabium
1. The exposed carmine margin of the lip. ... 2. The isolated central soft-tissue segment of the upper lip in the embryonic state and in an unrepaired bilateral cleft palate. ... Origin: pro-+ L. Labium, lip ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prolactin
<protein> Pituitary lactogenic hormone (23 kD) Synthesised on endoplasmic reticulum bound ribosomes as preprolactin that has an N terminal signal peptide that is cleaved from the mature form. The conversion of preprolactin to prolactin has been much used as an assay for membrane insertion. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

prolactin cell
Synonym for mammotroph ... An acidophilic cell of the adenohypophysis that produces prolactin. ... Synonym: prolactin cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prolactin protease
<enzyme> From pituitary lysosomes of lactating rats ... Registry number: EC 3.4.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

prolactin unit
The specific lactogenic activity contained in 0.1 mg of the standard preparation of the lactogenic substance of the anterior pituitary gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prolactin-inhibiting factor
Synonym for prolactostatin ... A substance of hypothalamic origin capable of inhibiting the synthesis and release of prolactin. ... Synonym: prolactin-inhibiting factor, prolactin-inhibiting hormone. ... Origin: prolactin + G. Stasis, standing still, + -in ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prolactin-inhibiting hormone
Synonym for prolactostatin ... A substance of hypothalamic origin capable of inhibiting the synthesis and release of prolactin. ... Synonym: prolactin-inhibiting factor, prolactin-inhibiting hormone. ... Origin: prolactin + G. Stasis, standing still, + -in ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prolactin-producing adenoma
<tumour> A pituitary adenoma composed of prolactin-producing cells; it gives rise to symptoms of nonpuerperal amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea (Forbes-Albright syndrome) in women and to impotence in men. ... Synonym: prolactinoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prolactin-releasing factor
Synonym for prolactoliberin ... A substance of hypothalamic origin that stimulates the release of prolactin. ... Synonym: prolactin-releasing factor, prolactin-releasing hormone. ... Origin: prolactin + L. Libero, to free, + -in ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prolactin-releasing hormone
A polypeptide hormone that originates in the hypothalamus and stimulates the secretion of prolactin in the pituitary gland. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

prolactinoma
<oncology, tumour> A pituitary gland tumourwhich secretes prolactin and can thus causefalse symptoms of pregnancy. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

prolactoliberin
A substance of hypothalamic origin that stimulates the release of prolactin. ... Synonym: prolactin-releasing factor, prolactin-releasing hormone. ... Origin: prolactin + L. Libero, to free, + -in ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prolactostatin
A substance of hypothalamic origin capable of inhibiting the synthesis and release of prolactin. ... Synonym: prolactin-inhibiting factor, prolactin-inhibiting hormone. ... Origin: prolactin + G. Stasis, standing still, + -in ... (05 Mar 2000) ...