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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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primitive neuroectodermal tumourA designation used to refer to a group of morphologically similar embryonal neoplasms that arise in intracranial and peripheral sites of the nervous system and which may show various degrees of cellular differentiation; includes medulloblastoma, pineoblastoma, etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primitive neuroectodermal tumoursA type of brain tumour. Prenatal diagnosis: diagnosis before birth. Methods for prenatal diagnosis include ultrasound (of the uterus, placenta and developing foetus), chorionic villus sampling to obtain tissue for chromosome or biochemical analysis, amniocentesis to obtain amniotic fluid for the analysis of chromosmes, enzymes, DNA, etc. A growing …
primitive nodeA local thickening of the blastoderm at the cephalic end of the primitive streak of the embryo. ... Synonym: Hensen's knot, Hensen's node, Hubrecht's protochordal knot, primitive knot, protochordal knot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primitive palateSynonym for primary palate ... In the early embryo, the mesoderm-filled shelf, formed from the medial nasal process, that anteriorly separates the oral cavity below from the primitive nasal cavities above. ... Synonym: primitive palate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primitive perivisceral cavitySynonym for perivisceral cavity ... The space between the ectoderm and endoderm in the gastrula. ... Synonym: primitive perivisceral cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primitive pitThe depression in the primitive node that serves to connect the notochordal canal with the surface ectoderm and the yolk sac. These connections are referred to as the neurenteric canal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primitive reticular cellA cell with processes making contact with those of other similar cell's to form a cellular network; along with the network of reticular fibres, the reticular cell's form the stroma of bone marrow and lymphatic tissues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primitive ridgeOne of the paired ridge's on either side of the primitive groove. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primitive streakAn ectodermal ridge in the midline at the caudal end of the embryonic disk from which arises the intraembryonic mesoderm; achieved by inward and then lateral migration of cells; in human embryos, it appears on day 15 and gives a cephalocaudal axis to the developing embryo. ... Synonym: germinal streak. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primogeniture1. The state of being the firstborn of the same parents; seniority by birth among children of the same family. ... 2. The exclusive right of inheritance which belongs to the eldest son. Thus in England the right of inheriting the estate of the father belongs to the eldest son, and in the royal family the eldest son of the sovereign is entitled to th …
primordiaPlural of primordium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primordial1. First in order; primary; original; of earliest origin; as, primordial condition. 'The primordial facts of our intelligent nature.' ... 2. <geology> Of or pertaining to the lowest beds of the Silurian age, corresponding to the Acadian and Potsdam periods in American geology. It is called also Cambrian, and by many geologists is separated fro …
primordial cartilageCartilage in an early stage in its development. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primordial cellA cell from a group that constitutes the primordium of an organ or part of the embryo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primordial cystA cyst which develops in place of a tooth through cystic degeneration of the enamel organ prior to formation of calcified odontogenic tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primordial dwarfismSynonym for physiologic dwarfism ... Dwarfism characterised by normal development that is at a strikingly lesser rate than that for members of the same family, race, or other races. ... Synonym: primordial dwarfism, true dwarfism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primordial germ cellThe most primitive undifferentiated sex cell, found initially outside the gonad. ... Synonym: gonocyte. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primordial gigantismUnusually large size from birth due to familial or genetic factors or intrauterine environment (e.g., maternal prediabetic state) and not to hyperpituitarism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primordial kidneySynonym for pronephros ... 1. The definitive excretory organ of primitive fishes. ... Synonym: head kidney. ... 2. In the embryos of higher vertebrates, a vestigial structure consisting of a series of tortuous tubules emptying into the cloaca by way of the primary nephric duct; in the human embryo, the pronephros is a very rudimentary and temporary st …
primordial ovarian follicleA follicle in which the primordial oocyte is surrounded by a single layer of flattened follicular cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primordiumAn aggregation of cells in the embryo indicating the first trace of an organ or structure. ... Synonym: anlage. ... Origin: L. Origin, fr. Primus, first, + ordior, to begin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primosome<molecular biology> Complex of proteins involved in the synthesis of the RNA primer sequences used in DNA replication. Main components are primase and DNA helicase that move as a unit with the replication fork. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
primrose<botany> An early flowering plant of the genus Primula (P. Vulgaris) closely allied to the cowslip. There are several varieties, as the white-, the red-, the yellow-flowered, etc. Formerly ... Synonym: primerole, primerolles. ... Any plant of the genus Primula. Evening primrose, an erect biennial herb (Enothera biennis), with yellow vespertine …
primulinAn acid yellow thiazole dye, C21H14N3O3Na, used as a fluorescent vital stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
primum mobile<astronomy> In the Ptolemaic system, the outermost of the revolving concentric spheres constituting the universe, the motion of which was supposed to carry with it all the inclosed spheres with their planets in a daily revolution from east to west. See Crystalline heavens, under Crystalline. 'The motions of the greatest persons in a governmen …
primusFirst; denoting the first of a series of similar structures. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prince1. The one of highest rank; one holding the highest place and authority; a sovereign; a monarch; originally applied to either sex, but now rarely applied to a female. 'Go, Michael, of celestial armies prince.' (Milton) 'Queen Elizabeth, a prince admirable above her sex.' (Camden) ... 2. The son of a king or emperor, or the issue of a royal family; a …
prince edward islandAn island in the gulf of st. Lawrence constituting a province of canada in the eastern part of the country. It is very irregular in shape with many deep inlets. Its capital is charlottetown. Discovered by the french in 1534 and originally named ile saint-jean, it was renamed in 1799 in honor of prince edward, fourth son of george III and future fat …
princepsPrincipal; in anatomy, term used to distinguish several arteries. ... Origin: L. Chief, fr. Primus, first, + capio, to take, choose ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
princeps cervicisSynonym for descending branch of occipital artery ... <anatomy, artery> Origin: occipital artery within occipital groove; distribution: posterior neck muscles and cervical trapezius muscle; anastomoses: superficial and deep cervical arteries, vertebral artery. ... Synonym: ramus descendens arteriae occipitalis, princeps cervicis artery, princep …
princeps cervicis arterySynonym for descending branch of occipital artery ... <anatomy, artery> Origin: occipital artery within occipital groove; distribution: posterior neck muscles and cervical trapezius muscle; anastomoses: superficial and deep cervical arteries, vertebral artery. ... Synonym: ramus descendens arteriae occipitalis, princeps cervicis artery, princep …
princeps pollicisSynonym for princeps pollicis artery ... <anatomy, artery> Origin, radial (deep palmar (arterial) arch); distribution, palmar surface and sides of thumb; anastomoses, arteries on dorsum of thumb. ... Synonym: arteria princeps pollicis, chief artery of thumb, princeps pollicis, principal artery of thumb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
princeps pollicis artery<anatomy, artery> Origin, radial (deep palmar (arterial) arch); distribution, palmar surface and sides of thumb; anastomoses, arteries on dorsum of thumb. ... Synonym: arteria princeps pollicis, chief artery of thumb, princeps pollicis, principal artery of thumb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
princess1. A female prince; a woman having sovereign power, or the rank of a prince. 'So excellent a princess as the present queen.' (Swift) ... 2. The daughter of a sovereign; a female member of a royal family. ... 3. The consort of a prince; as, the princess of Wales. Princess royal, the eldest daughter of a sovereign. ... Origin: F. Princesse. See Prince, …
PrinceteauL.R., French physician, *1884. ... See: Princeteau's tubercle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Princeteau's tubercleA slight prominence on the temporal bone near the apex of the petrous part where the superior petrosal sinus commences. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
principal1. Highest in rank, authority, character, importance, or degree; most considerable or important; chief; main; as, the principal officers of a Government; the principal men of a state; the principal productions of a country; the principal arguments in a case. 'Wisdom is the principal thing.' (Prov. Iv. 7) ... 2. Of or pertaining to a prince; princely …
principal artery of thumbSynonym for princeps pollicis artery ... <anatomy, artery> Origin, radial (deep palmar (arterial) arch); distribution, palmar surface and sides of thumb; anastomoses, arteries on dorsum of thumb. ... Synonym: arteria princeps pollicis, chief artery of thumb, princeps pollicis, principal artery of thumb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
principal focusThe real or virtual meeting point of rays passing into a lens parallel to its axis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
principal investigatorThe head researcher responsi for organising and overseeing a clinical trial ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
principal isletsSeparate globular aggregates made up mostly of endocrine pancreatic tissue; present in some fishes and snakes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
principal optic axisA line passing through the centre of the lens of a refracting system at right angles to its surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
principal plane<microscopy> A plane normal to the principal axis of a lens, passing through a principal point. ... In geometrical construction of ray diagrams through a perfect lens, the single plane that can be considered (disregarding the refraction of the rays at each optical interface) to convert paraxial rays into rays converging onto the rear focal poi …
principal point<microscopy> Mutually conjugate points lying on the lens axis and producing a magnification of one. Object and image distance as well as focal length are calculated (measured) from these points. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
principle1. Beginning; commencement. 'Doubting sad end of principle unsound.' (Spenser) ... 2. A source, or origin; that from which anything proceeds; fundamental substance or energy; primordial substance; ultimate element, or cause. 'The soul of man is an active principle.' (Tillotson) ... 3. An original faculty or endowment. 'Nature in your principles hath …
principle of inertiaSynonym for repetition-compulsion principle ... In psychoanalysis, the impulse to redramatise or reenact earlier emotional experiences or situations. ... Synonym: principle of inertia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Pringle, John<person> English dermatologist, 1855-1922. ... See: Pringle's disease, Bourneville-Pringle disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Pringle's diseaseSynonym for adenoma sebaceum ... <radiology> Seen in tuberous sclerosis, raised, red papules on the face, mainly about the nose, misnomer: they're really perivascular fibromata ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
print1. To fix or impress, as a stamp, mark, character, idea, etc, into or upon something. 'A look will print a thought that never may remove.' (Surrey) 'Upon his breastplate he beholds a dint, Which in that field young Edward's sword did print.' (Sir John Beaumont) 'Perhaps some footsteps printed in the clay.' (Roscommon) ... 2. To stamp something in or …
printingThe act, art, or practice of impressing letters, characters, or figures on paper, cloth, or other material; the business of a printer, including typesetting and presswork, with their adjuncts; typography; also, the act of producing photographic prints. Block printing. See Block. ... <photography> Printing frame, a shallow box, usually having a …
printzmetal's anginaA sudden vasoconstriction of a coronary artery depriving the myocardium of blood flow and oxygen. This may clinically manifest as chest pain referred to as variant angina or Printzmetal's angina. May be precipitated by emotional stress, medications, street drugs (cocaine) or on exposure to cold. ... Treatment includes nitroglycerin or beta-blocker m …
Prinzmetal, Myron<person> U.S. Cardiologist, *1908. ... See: Prinzmetal's angina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Prinzmetal's anginaA form of angina pectoris, characterised by pain that is not precipitated by cardiac work, is of longer duration, is usually more severe, and is associated with unusual electrocardiographic manifestations including elevated ST segments in leads that are ordinarily depressed in typical angina, and usually without reciprocal ST changes; occurring at …
prionThe word, for proteinaceous infectious agent, was coined in 1982 by neurologist Stanley Prusiner as part of a hypothesis regarding ailments bearing aetiologic resemblance to those caused by slow viruses (for instance, kuru). The hypothesis has been borne out by investigation. Prions are now believed responsible for several transmissible neurodegene …
prion diseasesTransmissible and genetic neurodegenerative diseases of humans and animals caused by prions. The diseases are usually characterised by vacuolation in the gray matter and result in ataxia, motor disturbances, dementia, and progression to a fatal outcome. They include creutzfeldt-jakob syndrome, gerstmann-straussler syndrome, kuru, scrapie, fatal fam …
prion proteinSmall, infectious proteinaceous particle, of non-nucleic acid composition because of its resistance to nucleases; the causative agent, either on a sporadic, genetic, or infectious basis, of six neurodegenerative diseases in animals, and four in humans; the latter include the spongiform encephalopathies of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann- …
prionsSee: PrP, Gerstmann Straussler Scheinker syndrome. Suggested as the causative agents of several infectious diseases such as scrapie (in sheep), kuru and Creutzfeld Jakob disease in man. Prions (proteinaceous infective particles) apparently contain no nucleic acid. The 27 kD protein of scrapie is related to a normal cell protein and may possibly cau …
priorThe superior of a priory, and next below an abbot in dignity. Conventical, or Conventual, prior, a prior who is at the head of his own house. See the Note under Priory. Claustral prior, an official next in rank to the abbot in a monastery; prior of the cloisters. ... Origin: OE. Priour, OF. Priour, prior, priur, F. Prieur, from L. Prior former, supe …
prior probabilityThe best rational assessment of the probability of an outcome on the basis of established knowledge before the present information is included. For instance, the prior probability of the daughter of a carrier of haemophilia being herself haemophiliac is 1/2. But if she already has one child, an affected son, the posterior probability that she is a …
prioryOrigin: Cf. LL. Prioria. See Prior. ... A religious house presided over by a prior or prioress; sometimes an offshoot of, an subordinate to, an abbey, and called also cell, and obedience. See Cell. ... Of such houses there were two sorts: one where the prior was chosen by the inmates, and governed as independently as an abbot in an abbey; the other w …
prism<microscopy> A transparent body with at least two polished plane faces inclined with respect to each other, from which light is reflected or through which light is refracted. When light is refracted by a prism whose refractive index exceeds that of the surrounding medium, it is deviated or bent toward the thicker part of the prism. ... (05 Aug …
prism barA graduated series of prism bar's mounted on a frame and used in ocular diagnosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prism cover testMeasurement of the deviation in strabismus by the alternate cover test combined with neutralization for the deviation using prisms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prism diopterThe unit of measurement of the deviation of light in passing through a prism, being a deflection of 1 cm at a distance of 1 m. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prism illuminator<microscopy> A 45 to ~0-degree prism interposed in the tube of a light microscope for the purpose of directing an intense beam of light through the objective onto the object. The prism illuminator utilises about one half the aperture of the objective as does the mirror illuminator with an attending loss of resolution over that obtainable with …
prism vergence testMeasurement of the amplitude of fusion by placing prisms of gradually increasing power in the direction tested until diplopia occurs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prismaA structure resembling a prism. ... Origin: G. Something sawed, a prism ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prismata adamantinaThe calcified, microscopic rods radiating from the surface of the dentin, forming the substance of the enamel of a tooth. ... Synonym: enamel fibres, enamel prisms, enamel rods. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prismaticRelating to or resembling a prism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prismatical1. Resembling, or pertaining to, a prism; as, a prismatic form or cleavage. ... 2. Separated or distributed by a prism; formed by a prism; as, prismatic colours. ... 3. <chemistry> Same as Orthorhombic. ... <chemistry> Prismatic borax, borax crystallized in the form of oblique prisms, with ten molecules of water; distinguished from octahed …
prismr<physics> A transparent body with at least two polished plane faces inclined with respect to each other, from which light is reflected or through which light is refracted. When light is refracted by a prism whose refractive index exceeds that of the surrounding medium, it is deviated or bent toward the thicker part of the prism. ... (05 Aug 19 …
prison fever typhusSynonym for epidemic typhus ... <infectious disease> A severe acute disease with prolonged high fever up to 40° C (104° F), intractable headache, and a pink-to-red raised rash. The cause is a microorganism called Rickettsia prowazekii. ... It is found worldwide and is transmitted by lice. The lice become infected on typhus patients and transmit …
prisonsPenal institutions, or places of confinement for war prisoners. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
pristanoyl-CoA oxidase<enzyme> Pristanoic acid undergoes beta-oxidation giving alternatively rise to acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA and h2o2 ... Registry number: EC 1.3.3.- ... Synonym: 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoyl-CoA oxidase, 2-methylpalmitoyl-CoA oxidase, pristanyl-CoA oxidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
pristinamycin I synthetase<enzyme> Involved in pristinamycin 1 biosynthesis; includes at least 4 peptide synthetases involved in the activation and condensation of the pristinamycin I precursors - snba, snbc, snbd and snbe (pi synthetase 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively ... Registry number: EC 6.3.2.- ... Synonym: pi synthetase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
pristinamycin IIA synthase<enzyme> A heterodimer of snaa and snab proteins (snaa and snab gene products, respectively); catalyses the oxidation of piib to piia with fmnh2 and o2 as cofactors; from streptomyces pristinaespiralis. ... Registry number: EC 1.3.99.- ... Synonym: pii(a) synthase, piia synthase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
privacyThe state of being free from intrusion or disturbance in one's private life or affairs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
private1. Belonging to, or concerning, an individual person, company, or interest; peculiar to one's self; unconnected with others; personal; one's own; not public; not general; separate; as, a man's private opinion; private property; a private purse; private expenses or interests; a private secretary. ... 2. Sequestered from company or observation; approp …
private blood groupA blood group that is known to have occurred in only one family and is traceable to one single person. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
private duty nurseA nurse who is not a member of a hospital staff, but is hired by the client or his/her family on a fee-for-service basis to care for the client, a nurse who specialises in the care of patients with diseases of a particular class, e.g., surgical cases, tuberculosis, children's diseases. ... Synonym: private nurse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
private hospitalA hospital similar to a group hospital except that it is controlled by a single practitioner or by the practitioner and the associates in his or her office, a hospital operated for profit. ... Synonym: proprietary hospital. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
private mutationA rare mutation found usually only in a single family or a small population. It is like a privately printed book. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
private nurseSynonym for private duty nurse ... A nurse who is not a member of a hospital staff, but is hired by the client or his/her family on a fee-for-service basis to care for the client, a nurse who specialises in the care of patients with diseases of a particular class, e.g., surgical cases, tuberculosis, children's diseases. ... Synonym: private nurse. …
private practicePractice of a health profession by an individual, offering services on a person-to-person basis, as opposed to group or partnership practice. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
private sectorThat distinct portion of the institutional, industrial, or economic structure of a country that is controlled or owned by non-governmental, private interests. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
privatizationProcess of shifting publicly controlled services and/or facilities to the private sector. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
privet<botany> An ornamental European shrub (Ligustrum vulgare), much used in hedges; called also prim. Egyptian privet. See Lawsonia. Evergreen privet, a plant of the genus Rhamnus. See Alatern. Mock privet, any one of several evergreen shrubs of the genus Phillyrea. They are from the Mediterranean region, and have been much cultivated for hedges …
privet coughAn allergic cough, occurring in China during May and June, supposed to be caused by inhalation of the pollen of a species of privet (Lingustrum); it is analogous to the laurel fever seen in New England. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
privilege1. A peculiar benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity not enjoyed by others or by all; special enjoyment of a good, or exemption from an evil or burden; a prerogative; advantage; franchise. 'He pleads the legal privilege of a Roman.' (Kettlewell) 'The privilege birthright was a double portion.' (Locke) 'A people inheriting privileges, fra …
privilegedInvested with a privilege; enjoying a peculiar right, advantage, or immunity. Privileged communication. ... Witnesses who are not obliged to testify as to certain things, as lawyers in relation to their dealings with their clients, and officers of state as to state secrets; also, by statute, clergymen and physicans are placed in the same category, s …
privileged siteAn anatomic area lacking lymphatic drainage, such as the brain, cornea, and hamster cheek pouch, in which heterologous tumours may grow because the host does not become sensitised. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
PRL<abbreviation> Prolactin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prn<abbreviation> L. Pro re nata, as the occasion arises; when necessary. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ProSymbol for proline or its radicals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pro opimelanocortin<protein> Polyprotein produced by the anterior pituitary that is cleaved to yield adrenocorticotrophin, _, _ and _ melanocyte stimulating hormones, lipotropic hormones, _ endorphin and other fragments. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
pro re nataAs the occasion arises; as necessary. ... Acronym: prn ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pro-<prefix> Prefix (from both Greek and Latin) with many meanings including before, in front of, preceding, on behalf of, in place of, and the same as. Used as a word, pro of course means professional and, in medicine, it is short for prothrombin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
pro-lactase-phlorizin hydrolase<chemical> ... Synonym: pro-lph ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
pro-ocytocin-neurophysin convertase<enzyme> Cleaves pro-ocytocin-neurophysin at the cooh-terminal side of arg 12 to release the bioactive peptide ... Registry number: EC 3.4.99.- ... Synonym: pro-ot-np convertase, pro-oxytocin-neurophysin convertase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
pro-opiomelanocortin<chemical> A precursor protein, mw 30,000, synthesised mainly in the anterior pituitary gland but also found in the hypothalamus, brain, and several peripheral tissues. It incorporates the amino acid sequences of acth and beta-lipotropin. These two hormones, in turn, contain the biologically active peptides msh, corticotropin-like intermediat …
