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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

predisposition
A latent susceptibility to disease which may be activated under certain conditions, as by stress. ... Origin: L. Disponere = to dispose ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

predisposition analysis
<genetics> The analysis of how some people are more likely to get certain diseases as a result of their genetic make-up. ... (31 Dec 1997) ...

prediverticular disease of colon
<radiology> Longitudinal and circular muscle thickening with redundancy of folds secondary to myostatic contracture findings: saw tooth sign: crowding and thickening of haustral folds (shortening of colonic segments), superimposed muscle spasm (relieved by antispasmodics) Differential diagnosis: hemmorhage; ischemia; radiation; pseudomembrano …

prednimustine
<chemical> Ester of chlorambucil and prednisolone used as a combination alkylating agent and synthetic steroid to treat various leukaemias and other neoplasms. It causes gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, alkylating. ... Chemical name: Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 21-(4-(4-(bis(2-chloroe …

prednisolone
<chemical> A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states. ... Pharmacological action: steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, antineoplastic agent, hormonal, glucocorticoids, synthetic.< …

prednisolone butylacetate
prednisolone tebutate ...

prednisolone sodium phosphate
Prednisolone 21-(disodium phosphate);more soluble than prednisolone and the other prednisolone esters and useful when a rapid onset or a short duration of action is desired; suitable for intrasynovial, parenteral, and topical administration. ... Prednisolone succinate, prednisolone compound suitable for intramuscular, intravenous, or rectal administ …

prednisolone, topical
Prednisolone that is applied topically as an anti-inflammatory agent. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

prednisone
<drug> Synthetic corticosteroid with powerful anti-inflammatory and antiallergic activity. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

prednylidene
16-Methyleneprednisolone; 11b,17,21-trihydroxy-16-methylenepregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione;a glucocorticoid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

predormital
Pertaining to the predormitum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

predormitum
The stage of semi-unconsciousness preceding actual sleep. ... Origin: pre-+ L. Dormio, to sleep ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

predorsal bundle
Synonym for tectospinal tract ... A bundle of thick, heavily myelinated fibres originating in the deep layers of the superior colliculus, crossing to the opposite side in the dorsal tegmental decussation, descending along the median plane, between the medial longitudinal fasciculus dorsally, the medial lemniscus ventrally, into the anterior funiculu …

preductal
Relating to that part of the aorta proximal to the aortic opening of the ductus arteriosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preeclampsia
<obstetrics> A toxaemia of late pregnancy characterised by hypertension, oedema and proteinuria, when convulsions and coma are associated, it is called eclampsia. ... It occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but it may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

preejection period
The interval between onset of QRS complex and cardiac ejection; electromechanical systole minus ejection time. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preemption
The act or right of purchasing before others. Specifically: ... The privilege or prerogative formerly enjoyed by the king of buying provisions for his household in preference to others. ... The right of an actual settler upon public lands (particularly those of the United States) to purchase a certain portion at a fixed price in preference to all oth …

preen gland
Synonym for uropygial gland ... A compound alveolar gland of birds located on the dorsum of the tail or pygostyle; the secretion of this gland (fatty acids and wax) exits from a papilla on the dorsal surface at the base of the tail feathers; the bird applies the substance to its feathers by means of the bill when preening. The uropygial gland is lac …

preepiglottic
Anterior to the epiglottis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preeruptive
Denoting the stage of an exanthematous disease preceding the eruption. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preexcitation
Premature activation of part of the ventricular myocardium by an impulse that travels by an anomalous path and so avoids physiological delay in the atrioventricular junction; an intrinsic part of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preexcitation syndrome
Synonym for wolff-parkinson-white syndrome ... <syndrome> A form of pre-excitation characterised by a short pr interval and a long qrs interval with a delta wave. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

preextraction record
Synonym for preoperative record ... In dentistry, any record made for the purpose of study or treatment planning. ... See: diagnostic cast. ... Synonym: preextraction record. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preface
1. Something spoken as introductory to a discourse, or written as introductory to a book or essay; a proem; an introduction, or series of preliminary remarks. 'This superficial tale Is but a preface of her worthy praise.' (Shak) 'Heaven's high behest no preface needs.' (Milton) ... 2. The prelude or introduction to the canon of the Mass. ... <engi …

prefect
1. A Roman officer who controlled or superintended a particular command, charge, department, etc.; as, the prefect of the aqueducts; the prefect of a camp, of a fleet, of the city guard, of provisions; the pretorian prefect, who was commander of the troops guarding the emperor's person. ... 2. A superintendent of a department who has control of its …

preferred direction
<microscopy> Orientation of a specimen as related to a structural or morphological direction, with respect to the polars. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

preferred provider organization
A health care delivery model which uses a panel of eligible physicians. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preferred provider organizations
Arrangements negotiated between a third-party payer (often a self-insured company or union trust fund) and a group of health-care providers (hospitals and physicians) who furnish services at lower than usual fees, and, in return, receive prompt payment and an expectation of an increased volume of patients. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

preformation theory
Archaic theory that the embryo was fully formed in miniature within a gamete at the time of conception. ... See: homunculus. ... Synonym: emboitement, incasement theory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prefrontal area
Synonym for frontal cortex ... Cortex of the frontal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere, originally, the entire cortical expanse anterior to the central sulcus, including the agranular motor and premotor cortex (Brodmann's areas 4 and 6), the dysgranular cortex (area 8), and the granular frontal (prefrontal) cortex anterior to the latter, now more ofte …

prefrontal cortex
The rostral part of the frontal lobe, bounded by the inferior precentral fissure in humans, which receives projection fibres from the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus. The prefrontal cortex receives afferent fibres from numerous structures of the diencephalon, mesencephalon, and limbic system as well as cortical afferents of visual, auditory, an …

prefrontal leukotomy
Synonym for prefrontal lobotomy ... <procedure> Division of one or more nerve tracts in the prefrontal area of the brain for surgical treatment of pain and emotional disorder. ... Synonym: prefrontal leukotomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prefrontal lobotomy
<procedure> Division of one or more nerve tracts in the prefrontal area of the brain for surgical treatment of pain and emotional disorder. ... Synonym: prefrontal leukotomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prefrontal veins
Synonym for venae prefrontales ... The superficial veins draining the prefrontal cerebral cortex and emptying into the superior sagittal sinus. ... Synonym: prefrontal veins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preganglionic
Situated proximal to or preceding a ganglion; referring specifically to the preganglionic motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system (located in the spinal cord and brainstem) and the preganglionic, myelinated nerve fibres by which they are connected to the autonomic ganglia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preganglionic motor neuron
See: motor neuron. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pregenital organization
In psychoanalysis, the organization or arrangement of the libido in the stages prior to that of genital primacy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pregenital phase
In psychoanalysis, the collective psychosexual development phase's preceding the genital phase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pregnadienediols
Doubly unsaturated pregnane derivatives with two hydroxy groups substituted anywhere on the rings or side chains. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnadienes
Pregnane derivatives containing two double bonds anywhere within the ring structures. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnadienetriols
Doubly unsaturated pregnane derivatives substituted with three hydroxy groups anywhere within the ring structure or side chains. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy
The condition of having a developing embryo or foetus in the body, after union of an ovum and spermatozoon. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy cells
Hypophysial chromophobe cell's that increase in number and accumulate eosinophil granules during pregnancy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pregnancy complications
The co-occurrence of pregnancy and a disease. The disease may precede or follow conception and it may or may not have a deleterious effect on the pregnant woman or foetus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy complications, infectious
Infections occurring during the course of pregnancy, or pregnancy during the course of an infectious disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy complications, neoplastic
Neoplasms occurring during the course of pregnancy, or pregnancy during the course of a neoplastic disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy complications, parasitic
Parasitic diseases occurring during the course of pregnancy, or pregnancy during the course of a parasitic disease. Some of the more commonly co-occurring infections are amebiasis, malaria and toxoplasmosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy danger from fifth disease
Caused by a virus known as parvovirus b 19. Symptoms include low-grade fever, fatigue, a slapped cheeks rash, and a rash over the whole body. The illness is not serious in children. Pregnant women (who have not previously had the illness) should avoid contact with patients who have fifth disease. The virus can infect the foetus prior to birth. And, …

pregnancy diabetes
See: subclinical diabetes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pregnancy disease of sheep
A highly fatal metabolic disease of well-nourished ewes in the late stages of pregnancy, especially in ewes carrying twin lambs; it is caused by carbohydrate depletion of the blood and tissues, and is characterised by hypoglycaemia, ketonuria, fatty infiltration of the liver, rapid emaciation, coma, and a high death rate. ... Synonym: lambing paraly …

pregnancy in adolescence
Pregnancy in girls under 19. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy maintenance
Physiological mechanisms that sustain the state of pregnancy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy outcome
Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including live birth, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, induced abortion. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various reproduction techniques, such as embryo transfer or fertilization in vitro. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy planning
Pregnancy planning addresses issues of nutrition, vitamins, body weight, exercise, and potentially harmful medications and illnesses as well as immunizations and genetic counseling. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy proteins
Proteins produced by organs of the mother or the placenta during pregnancy. They may be either pregnancy specific (present only during pregnancy) or pregnancy associated (always present during pregnancy, but may also be present in individuals undergoing oestrogen therapy, taking oral contraceptives or in patients with certain malignancies.) ... (12 …

pregnancy rate
Ratio of the number of conceptions that occur during a period to the mean number of women of reproductive age. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy reduction, multifetal
Selective abortion of one or more embryos or foetuses in a multiple gestation pregnancy. The usual goal is to improve the outcome for the remaining embryos or foetuses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy tests
Tests to determine whether or not an individual is pregnant. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy toxaemia of sheep
A disease of preparturient ewes characterised primarily by impaired nervous function; the primary predisposing cause is undernutrition in late pregnancy. ... Synonym: ovine acetonaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pregnancy toxaemias
Pregnancy-induced hypertensive states, including eph gestosis when oedema and proteinuria accompany hypertension. Other hypertensive disorders that develop during pregnancy or the puerperium are preeclampsia and eclampsia, either of which may be superimposed upon chronic hypertensive vascular or renal disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy trimester, first
Period of pregnancy from the first day of the last normal menstrual period through the completion of 14 weeks (98 days) of gestation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy trimester, second
Period of pregnancy from the beginning of the 15th through the 28th completed week (99 to 196 days) of gestation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy trimester, third
Period of pregnancy from the beginning of the 29th through the 42nd completed week (197 to 294 days) of gestation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy trimesters
The three periods of three months each in the normal pregnancy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy tumour
Synonym for granuloma gravidarum ... A pyogenic granuloma developing on the gingiva during pregnancy; thought to be related to hormonally altered response of the oral mucous membranes to local irritants such as bacterial plaque on adjacent teeth. ... Synonym: pregnancy tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pregnancy zone proteins
Glycoproteins with the electrophoretic mobility of an alpha 2-globulin. They are found in small amounts in normal human plasma but in much larger volume in the plasma of pregnant women. These proteins have also been found in increased amounts in individuals undergoing oestrogen therapy and are sometimes produced ectopically by tumours of non-placen …

pregnancy-associated esterase
<enzyme> In baboons, amount of activity correlates with stage of pregnancy; hydrolyzes alpha-naphthyl butyrate in preference to alpha-naphthyl acetate ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- ... Synonym: pregnancy esterase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

pregnancy, abdominal
Ectopic pregnancy with development of the foetus in the abdominal cavity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy, alcohol in
The consumption of alcohol during pregnancy carries the danger of damaging the foetus and causing foetal alcohol syndrome or foetal alcohol effects. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy, ectopic
A pregnancy that is not in the usual place and is located outside the inner lining of the uterus. A fertilised egg settles and grows in any location other than the inner lining of the uterus. The vast majority of ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tube (95%), however, they can occur in other locations, such as the ovary, cervix, and abdomin …

pregnancy, ectopic, symptoms of
Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy can often be vague and include vaginal bleeding, abdominal or pelvic pain (usually stronger on one side),shoulder pain, weakness, or dizziness. Weakness, dizziness, and a sense of passing out upon standing can represent serious internal bleeding, requiring immediate medical attention. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy, high-risk
Pregnancy in which the mother and/or foetus are at greater than normal risk of morbidity or mortality. Causes include lack of adequate prenatal care, previous obstetrical history, pre-existing maternal disease or pregnancy-induced disease, and multiple gestation, as well as advanced maternal age. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy, multiple
The condition of bearing two or more foetuses simultaneously. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy, prolonged
Pregnancy continuing beyond the normal duration; in humans, usually beyond 294 days after the beginning of the last menses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy, tubal
Ectopic pregnancy within an oviduct. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnancy, unwanted
Pregnancy, usually accidental or unplanned, that is not desired by the parent or parents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnane
Parent hydrocarbon of two series of steroids stemming from 5a-pregnane (originally allopregnane) and 5b-pregnane (17b-ethyletiocholane). 5b-Pregnane is the parent of the progesterones, pregnane alcohols, ketones, and several adrenocortical hormones and is found largely in urine as a metabolic product of 5b-pregnane compounds. For structure, see ste …

pregnanediol
<chemical> Chemical name: Pregnanediol ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnanedione
5b-Pregnane-3,20-dione;a metabolite of progesterone, formed in relatively small quantities, that occurs in 5a and 5b isomeric forms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pregnanediones
Pregnane derivatives in which two side-chain methyl groups or two methylene groups in the ring skeleton (or a combination thereof) have been oxidised to keto groups. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnanes
Saturated derivatives of the steroid pregnane. The 5-beta series includes progesterone and related hormones; the 5-alpha series includes forms generally excreted in the urine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnanetriol
<chemical> Chemical name: Pregnanetriol ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnanolone
<chemical> A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anaesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties. ... Chemical name: Pregnan-20-one, 3-hydroxy-, (3alpha,5beta)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnant
1. Being with young, as a female; having conceived; great with young; breeding; teeming; gravid; preparing to bring forth. ... 2. Heavy with important contents, significance, or issue; full of consequence or results; weighty; as, pregnant replies. ' A pregnant argument.' . ' A pregnant brevity.' ... 3. Full of promise; abounding in ability, resources …

pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin
Synonym for equine gonadotropin ... <veterinary> Formed by the equine placenta. Its activity in animals is similar to that of the follicle-stimulating hormone; relatively ineffective in human beings. ... Synonym: pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pregnatrienes
Pregnane derivatives containing three double bonds in the ring structures. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnene
An unsaturated steroid of primarily terminological importance; utilised in systematic nomenclature of appropriate 21-carbon steroids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pregnenediones
Unsaturated pregnane derivatives containing two keto groups on side chains or ring structures. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnenes
Unsaturated derivatives of pregnanes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregneninolone
Synonym for ethisterone ... <chemical> 17 alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects. ... Pharmacological action: progestational hormones, synthetic. ... Chemical name: Pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, 17-hydroxy-, (17alpha)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnenolone
<chemical> Chemical name: Pregn-5-en-20-one, 3-hydroxy-, (3beta)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pregnenolone carbonitrile
<chemical> (3 beta,16 alpha)-3-hydroxy-20-oxopregn-5-ene-16-carbonitrile. A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome p450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage. ... Chemical name: Pregn-5-ene-16-carbonitrile, …

pregranulosa cells
Capsular cell's surrounding the primordial ova in the embryonic ovary; they are derived from celomic epithelium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prehelicine
In front of the helix of the pinna. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prehemataminic acid
Synonym for neuraminic acid ... <chemical> Sometimes known as sialic acid, but strictly one of a family of sialic acids (which includes also N glycolyl neuraminic acid and O substituted derivatives). ... It is a 9 carbon sugar formed by adding to mannose three carbons from pyruvate. Occurs in the subset of glycolipids known as gangliosides and …

prehemiplegic
Preceding the occurrence of hemiplegia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prehension
The act of grasping, or taking hold of. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prehormone
A glandular secretory product, having little or no inherent biological potency, that is converted peripherally to an active hormone. ... Compare: prohormone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prehyoid
Anterior or superior to the hyoid bone; denoting certain accessory thyroid glands lying superior to the mylohyoid muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prehyoid gland
Synonym for accessory thyroid gland ... An isolated mass, or one of several such masses, of thyroid tissue, sometimes present in the side of the neck, or just above the hyoid bone (suprahyoid accessory thyroid gland), or even as low as the arch of the aorta. ... Synonym: glandula thyroidea accessoria, accessory thyroid, prehyoid gland, suprahyoid gla …