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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

preservatives, pharmaceutical
Substances added to pharmaceutical preparations to protect them from chemical change or microbial action. They include antibiotics and antioxidants. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

preserve
<ecology> An area in which organisms are protected (i.e., a nature preserve or an agricultural preserve). ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

preserver
1. One who, or that which, preserves, saves, or defends, from destruction, injury, or decay; especially, one who saves the life or character of another. ... 2. One who makes preserves of fruit. Game preserver. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

presidency
1. The function or condition of one who presides; superintendence; control and care. ... 2. The office of president; as, Washington was elected to the presidency. ... 3. The term during which a president holds his office; as, during the presidency of Madison. ... 4. One of the three great divisions of British India, the Bengal, Madras, and Bombay Pres …

presomite
Relating to the embryonic stage before the appearance of somites (before day 19 in the human). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

presomite embryo
An embryo prior to the appearance of the first pair of somites, about 20 to 21 days after fertilization in humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

presphenoid
<anatomy> Situated in front of the sphenoid bone; of or pertaining to the anterior part of the sphenoid bone (i. E, the presphenoid bone). ... Presphenoid bone, the anterior part of the body of the sphenoid bone in front of the basisphenoid. It is usually a separate bone in the young or foetus, but becomes a part of the sphenoid in the adult.< …

presphenoid bone
In comparative anatomy, the bone in the floor of the braincase anterior to the basisphenoid bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

presphenoidal
<anatomy> Of or pertaining to the presphenoid bone. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

presphygmic
Preceding the pulse beat; denoting a brief interval following the filling of the ventricles with blood before their contraction forces open the semilunar valves, corresponding to the isovolumic contraction period. ... Origin: pre-+ G. Sphygmos, pulse ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

presplenic fold
A fan-shaped fold of peritoneum that passes from the gastrosplenic ligament near the lower end of the spleen to the phrenicocolic ligament with which it blends. It contains branches of the splenic or the left gastroepiploic artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prespondylolisthesis
A condition predisposing to spondylolisthesis, consisting of a defect in the laminae of a lumbar vertebra but before development of any displacement of the vertebral body. ... See: spondylolysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prespore cell
<microbiology> Cells in the rear portion of the migrating slug (grex) of a cellular slime mould, which will later differentiate into spore cells. Can be recognised as having different proteins by immunocytochemical methods. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

press
1. To exert pressure; to bear heavily; to push, crowd, or urge with steady force. ... 2. To move on with urging and crowding; to make one's way with violence or effort; to bear onward forcibly; to crowd; to throng; to encroach. 'They pressed upon him for to touch him.' (Mark III. 10) ... 3. To urge with vehemence or importunity; to exert a strong or …

pressor
<physiology> Causing, or giving rise to, pressure or to an increase of pressure; as, pressor nerve fibres, stimulation of which excites the vasomotor center, thus causing a stronger contraction of the arteries and consequently an increase of the arterial blood pressure. ... Compare: depressor. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

pressor amine
Synonym for pressor base ... One of several products of intestinal putrefaction believed to cause functional hypertension when absorbed, any alkaline substance that raises blood pressure. ... Synonym: pressor amine, pressor substance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressor base
One of several products of intestinal putrefaction believed to cause functional hypertension when absorbed, any alkaline substance that raises blood pressure. ... Synonym: pressor amine, pressor substance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressor fibres
Sensory nerve fibre's whose stimulation causes vasoconstriction and rise of blood pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressor nerve
An afferent nerve, stimulation of which excites a reflex vasoconstriction, thereby raising the blood pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressor substance
Synonym for pressor base ... One of several products of intestinal putrefaction believed to cause functional hypertension when absorbed, any alkaline substance that raises blood pressure. ... Synonym: pressor amine, pressor substance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressoreceptive
Capable of receiving as stimuli changes in pressure, especially changes of blood pressure. ... Synonym: pressosensitive. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressoreceptive mechanism
The pressoreceptor system, especially of the carotid sinuses and aortic arch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressoreceptor
Synonym for baroreceptor ... A pressure receptor in the wall of the atrium of the heart, vena cava, aortic arch and carotid sinus that is sensitive to stretching of the wall which occurs with increased pressure. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

pressoreceptor nerve
<anatomy, nerve> A nerve composed of afferent fibres the endings of which are sensitive to increases in mechanical pressure; the term specifically refers to sensory nerve's innervating the walls of hollow organs. ... Synonym: baroreceptor nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressoreceptor reflex
A normal reflex related to the carotid sinus syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressoreceptor system
The pressoreceptive areas which with their afferent fibres and connections with the autonomic system react to a rise in arterial blood pressure and serve to buffer it by inhibiting the heart rate and vascular tone. ... See: baroreceptor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressoreceptors
Receptors in the vascular system, particularly the aorta and carotid sinus, which are sensitive to stretch of the vessel walls. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pressosensitive
Synonym for pressoreceptive ... Capable of receiving as stimuli changes in pressure, especially changes of blood pressure. ... Synonym: pressosensitive. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressosensitivity
The state of being able to perceive changes in pressure. ... See: pressoreceptive. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressure
1. The act of pressing, or the condition of being pressed; compression; a squeezing; a crushing; as, a pressure of the hand. ... 2. A contrasting force or impulse of any kind; as, the pressure of poverty; the pressure of taxes; the pressure of motives on the mind; the pressure of civilization. 'Where the pressure of danger was not felt.' (Macaulay)< …

pressure alopecia
Loss of hair over a circumscribed area usually on the posterior scalp, resulting from the continuous pressure on the occiput in a lengthy operative procedure, or unconsciousness following a drug overdose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressure amaurosis
A loss of vision occurring a few seconds after intraocular pressure exceeds systolic pressure of retinal arteries. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressure anaesthesia
Loss of sensation produced by pressure applied to a nerve. ... Synonym: compression anaesthesia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressure atrophy
The wasting of hard or soft tissue resulting from excessive pressure applied to tissue by a denture base. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressure collapse
Pulmonary collapse due to external compression of the lung, as by a pleural effusion or pneumothorax. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressure dressing
A dressing by which pressure is exerted on the area covered to prevent the collection of fluids in the underlying tissues; most commonly used after skin grafting and in the treatment of burns. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressure epiphysis
A secondary centre of ossification in the articular end of a long bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressure gangrene
Synonym for decubitus ulcer ... <dermatology> A chronic ulcer that appears in pressure areas in debilitated patients confined to bed or otherwise immobilised, due to a circulatory defect from the enhanced tissue pressure in high-contact areas, often occurring over a bony prominence (for example sacral decubitus). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

pressure palsy
Synonym for pressure paralysis ... Paralysis due to compression of a nerve, nerve trunk, or spinal cord. ... Synonym: pressure palsy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressure paralysis
Paralysis due to compression of a nerve, nerve trunk, or spinal cord. ... Synonym: pressure palsy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressure plethysmograph
A plethysmograph applied to part of the body, e.g., a limb segment, and arranged so that volume is measured during temporary application of sufficient pressure to the part to empty its blood vessels, a body plethysmograph in which changes of body volume are measured in terms of the consequent changes in air pressure in the body plethysmograph. ... V …

pressure pneumothorax
Synonym for tension pneumothorax ... A variety of spontaneous pneumothorax in which air enters the pleural cavity and is trapped during expiration; intrathoracic pressure builds to values higher than atmospheric pressure, compresses the lung, and may displace the mediastinum and its structures toward the opposite side, with consequent disadvantageou …

pressure point
A cutaneous locus having pressure-sensitive elements which when compressed, pressure is appreciated. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressure reversal
Cessation of anaesthesia by hyperbaric pressure; of major importance in understanding the mode of action of anaesthetics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressure sense
The faculty of discriminating various degrees of pressure on the surface. ... Synonym: baresthesia, piesesthesia, weight sense. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressure sore
Synonym for decubitus ulcer ... <dermatology> A chronic ulcer that appears in pressure areas in debilitated patients confined to bed or otherwise immobilised, due to a circulatory defect from the enhanced tissue pressure in high-contact areas, often occurring over a bony prominence (for example sacral decubitus). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

pressure stasis
Synonym for traumatic asphyxia ... Cyanotic asphyxia due to trauma; the extravasation of blood into the skin and conjunctivae, produced by a sudden mechanical increase in venous pressure, analogous to the Rumpel-Leede test; it is common in those who have been hanged, and is seen occasionally in crush injuries. ... Synonym: pressure stasis. ... (05 Mar …

pressure urticaria
Urticaria of unknown aetiology occurring after local pressure on the skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressure-controlled respirator
A respirator that provides a predetermined pressure to gases during inhalation, the volume of gas moved being variable, depending upon resistance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressure-volume index
Method of evaluating the cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pressure, intraocular
The pressure created by the continual renewal of fluids within the eye. The intraocular pressure is increased in glaucoma. In acute angle-closure glaucoma, the intraocular pressure rises because the canal into which the fluid in the front part of the eye normally drains is suddenly blocked. In chronic glaucoma, there is a gradual imbalance between …

prestalk cell
<plant biology> Cells at the front of the migrating grex of cellular slime moulds that will form the stalk upon which the sorocarp containing the spores is borne. ... See: prespore cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

presternal notch
Synonym for suprasternal notch ... The V shaped notch at the top of the breastbone (sternum). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

presternal region
The part of the chest over the sternum. ... Synonym: regio presternalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prestriate area
Synonym for visual cortex ... Area of the occipital lobe concerned with vision. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

presulcal part of tongue
See: dorsum of tongue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

presumptive region
In experimental embryology, an area of the blastula from which a specific tissue or organ may be expected to develop. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

presuppurative
Denoting an early stage in an inflammation prior to the formation of pus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

presynaptic
<anatomy, physiology> Situated proximal to a synapse or occurring before the synapse is crossed. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

presynaptic cell
<physiology> In a chemical synapse, the cell that releases neurotransmitter that will stimulate the postsynaptic cell. ... <neurology> In an electrically synapsed system, the cell that has the first action potential, but since synapses are rectifying, one of the two cells involved is always presynaptic. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

presynaptic membrane
That part of the plasma membrane of an axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fibre with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the ax …

presynaptic receptor
<physiology> Receptors located on presynaptic terminals at synapses. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

presynaptic terminals
The distal terminations of axons which are specialised for the release of neurotransmitters. Also included are varicosities along the course of axons which have similar specializations and also release transmitters. Presynaptic terminals in both the central and peripheral nervous systems are included. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

presystole
That part of diastole immediately preceding systole. ... Synonym: late diastole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

presystolic gallop
Gallop rhythm in which the gallop sound follows atrial systole in late diastole and is an audible fourth heart sound due to forceful ventricular filling. ... Synonym: atrial gallop. ... Protodiastolic gallop, gallop rhythm in which the gallop sound occurs in early diastole and is an abnormal third heart sound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

presystolic murmur
A murmur heard at the end of ventricular diastole (during atrial systole if in sinus rhythm), usually due to obstruction at one of the atrioventricular orifices. ... Synonym: atriosystolic murmur, late diastolic murmur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

presystolic thrill
A thrill immediately preceding the ventricular contraction, that is sometimes felt on palpation over the apex of the heart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pretarsal
Denoting the anterior, or inferior, portion of the tarsus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pretecta
Orad to the hidden part of the duodenum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pretectal area
A narrow, transversally oriented rostral zone of the mesencephalic tectum, bounded caudally by the superior colliculus, rostrally by the habenular trigone, and laterally by the pulvinar thalami; the area contains several nuclei that receive fibres from the optic tract; it has bilateral efferent connections with the Edinger-Westphal nucleus of the o …

pretectal nucleus
Group of cells, constituting several subnuclei, located rostral to the superior colliculus in the 'pretectal' area; receive input from retinal ganglion cells (via the optic tract) and project bilaterally to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus; relay centre for pupillary light reflex pathway. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pretectal region
Synonym for pretectal area ... A narrow, transversally oriented rostral zone of the mesencephalic tectum, bounded caudally by the superior colliculus, rostrally by the habenular trigone, and laterally by the pulvinar thalami; the area contains several nuclei that receive fibres from the optic tract; it has bilateral efferent connections with the Edi …

pretectum
Synonym for pretectal area ... A narrow, transversally oriented rostral zone of the mesencephalic tectum, bounded caudally by the superior colliculus, rostrally by the habenular trigone, and laterally by the pulvinar thalami; the area contains several nuclei that receive fibres from the optic tract; it has bilateral efferent connections with the Edi …

preterm infant
An infant with gestational age of less than 37 completed weeks (259 completed days). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pretext
Ostensible reason or motive assigned or assumed as a colour or cover for the real reason or motive; pretense; disguise. 'They suck the blood of those they depend on, under a pretext of service and kindness.' (L'Estrange) 'With how much or how little pretext of reason.' (Dr. H. More) ... Synonym: Pretense, excuse, semblance, disguise, appearance. See …

prethyroid
Prethyroidealprethyroidean ... Anterior to or preceding the thyroid gland or cartilage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pretibial fever
A mild disease first observed among military personnel at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, characterised by fever, moderate prostration, splenomegaly, and a rash on the anterior aspects of the legs; due to the autumnalis serovar of Leptospira interrogans. ... Synonym: Fort Bragg fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pretibial myxoedema
circumscribed myxoedema ...

pretracheal
Anterior to the trachea; denoting especially the middle layer of deep cervical fascia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pretracheal fascia
The layer of fascia investing the infrahyoid muscles and contributing to the formation of the carotid sheath. ... Synonym: lamina pretrachealis, middle cervical fascia, Porter's fascia, pretracheal layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pretracheal layer
Synonym for pretracheal fascia ... The layer of fascia investing the infrahyoid muscles and contributing to the formation of the carotid sheath. ... Synonym: lamina pretrachealis, middle cervical fascia, Porter's fascia, pretracheal layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pretracheal lymph nodes
Lymph nodes of the anterior deep cervical group that lie in front of the trachea; they drain into the lateral deep cervical group or into the anterior mediastinal group. ... Synonym: nodi lymphatici pretracheales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pretrematic
Relating to the cranial surface of a branchial cleft. ... Origin: pre-+ G. Trema, perforation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pretympanic
Anterior to the drum of the ear. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pretyrosine dehydratase
<enzyme> Pretyrosine is converted to phenylalanine ... Registry number: EC 4.2.1.- ... Synonym: arogenate dehydratase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

prevalence
<statistics> The proportion of individuals in a population having a disease. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

prevalence index
<statistics> A weighted average measure of the sum of the frequency of occurrences of all species along a single transect or as calculated for a plant community by averaging the prevalence index of all sample transects through the community. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

prevalence models
<epidemiology> Prevalence models are compartmental models dividing the host population into, for example, susceptible, latent, infectious and immune individuals. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

prevalent
1. Gaining advantage or superiority; having superior force, influence, or efficacy; prevailing; predominant; successful; victorious. 'Brennus told the Roman embassadors, that prevalent arms were as good as any title.' (Sir W. Raleigh) ... 2. most generally received or current; most widely adopted or practiced; also, generally or extensively existing …

prevaricate
1. To shift or turn from one side to the other, from the direct course, or from truth; to speak with equivocation; to shuffle; to quibble; as, he prevaricates in his statement. 'He prevaricates with his own understanding.' (South) ... 2. To collude, as where an informer colludes with the defendant, and makes a sham prosecution. ... 3. To undertake a …

prevention
A going before: state of being before: precedence, anticipation, forestalment, preventive, precaution. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

preventive
1. Going before; preceding. 'Any previous counsel or preventive understanding.' (Cudworth) ... 2. Tending to defeat or hinder; obviating; preventing the access of; as, a medicine preventive of disease. 'Physic is either curative or preventive.' (Sir T. Browne) Preventive service, the duty performed by the armed police in guarding the coast against s …

preventive dentistry
The branch of dentistry concerned with the prevention of disease and the maintenance and promotion of oral health. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

preventive dose
The smallest amount of any substance that will prevent occurrence of symptoms of a disease or the consequences of a lack of a particular factor in the diet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preventive health services
Services designed for promotion of health and prevention of disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

preventive medicine
Medicine designed to avert and avoid disease. Screening for hypertension and treating it before it causes disease is good preventive medicine. Preventive medicine is a proactive approach. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

preventive psychiatry
A discipline concerned with the prevention of mental illness and the promotion of mental health. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

preventive treatment
Synonym for prophylactic treatment ... The institution of measures designed to protect a person from an attack of a disease to which he has been, or is liable to be exposed. ... Synonym: preventive treatment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prevertebral fascia
The part of the cervical fascia which covers the bodies of the cervical vertebrae and the muscles attaching to them and to the anterior parts of their transverse processes. ... Synonym: lamina prevertebralis, prevertebral layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prevertebral ganglia
The sympathetic ganglia (coeliac, aorticorenal, superior and inferior mesenteric) lying in front of the vertebral column, as distinguished from the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk (paravertebral ganglia); these ganglia occur mostly around the origin of the major branches of the abdominal aorta; all are in the abdomino-pelvic cavity, concerned with …