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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

primary homonym
<zoology> Each of two or more identical species names, which, at the time of original publication, were proposed in combination with the same generic name i.e. The species were named for different, though homonymous genera. ... See: Homonym. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

primary hydrocephalus
Synonym for congenital hydrocephalus ... Hydrocephalus due to a developmental defect of the brain. ... Synonym: primary hydrocephalus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary hyperoxaluria and oxalosis
A metabolic disorder characterised by calcium oxalate nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis, extrarenal oxalosis, and increased urinary output of oxalic and glycolic acids; usually evident clinically in the first decade of life, with progressive renal failure and uraemia; autosomal recessive inheritance. Type I is due to an alteration in alanine:gly …

primary hyperparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism due to neoplasms or idiopathic hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary hypertension
Synonym for essential hypertension ... Hypertension without known cause. ... Synonym: idiopathic hypertension, primary hypertension. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism due to a disorder originating within the thyroid gland, in contrast to one of pituitary origin; may be due to generalised overactivity of the gland, to a localised hyperactive nodule, or to circulating antibody, which stimulates the gland (long-acting thyroid stimulator). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary hypogammaglobulinaemia
Hypogammaglobulinaemia due to a primary immunodeficiency of immunoglobulin-forming cells (B-lymphocytes). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary hypogonadism
Defective gonadal development or function, or both, due to abnormality or loss of the gonad itself. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary idiopathic macular atrophy
Synonym for anetoderma ... Atrophoderma in which the skin becomes bag like and wrinkled. ... Synonym: atrophia maculosa varioliformis cutis, atrophoderma maculatum, macular atrophy, primary idiopathic macular atrophy, primary macular atrophy of skin. ... Origin: G. Anetos, relaxed, + derma, skin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary immune response
<immunology> The immune response to the first challenge by a particular antigen. Usually less extensive than the secondary immune response, being slower and shorter lived with smaller amounts of lower affinity antibody being produced. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

primary interatrial foramen
Synonym for interatrial foramen primum ... In the embryonic heart, the temporary opening between right and left atria situated between the lower margin of the septum primum and the atrioventricular canal cushions, in an adult heart, the abnormal persistence of the so-named communication which is normal in young embryos. ... Synonym: foramen subseptal …

primary labial groove
Synonym for labial sulcus ... A furrow between the developing lip and gum. ... Synonym: labiodental sulcus, lip sulcus, primary labial groove. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary lateral sclerosis
Considered by many to be a subgroup of motor neuron disease; a slowly progressive degenerative disorder of the motor neurons of the cerebral cortex, resulting in widespread weakness on an upper motor neuron basis; spasticity, hyperreflexia, and Babinski signs are present, but not fasciculation potentials, nor any electrodiagnostic evidence of a low …

primary lymphedema
A form of lymphedema observed chiefly in young women and girls, characterised by diffuse swelling of the lower extremities. ... Synonym: lymphedema praecox. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary lymphoid tissue
Synonym for lymphoid tissue ... <anatomy> Tissue that is particularly rich in lymphocytes (and accessory cells such as macrophages and reticular cells), particularly the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, Peyer's patches, pharyngeal tonsils, adenoids and (in birds) the Bursa of Fabricius. ... Central lymphoid tissue: A term occasionally used as synon …

primary lysosome
<cell biology> A lysosome before it has fused with a vesicle or vacuole. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

primary lysosomes
Lysosome's produced at the Golgi apparatus where hydrolytic enzymes are incorporated; they fuse with phagosomes or pinosomes to become secondary lysosome's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary macular atrophy of skin
Synonym for anetoderma ... Atrophoderma in which the skin becomes bag like and wrinkled. ... Synonym: atrophia maculosa varioliformis cutis, atrophoderma maculatum, macular atrophy, primary idiopathic macular atrophy, primary macular atrophy of skin. ... Origin: G. Anetos, relaxed, + derma, skin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary medical care
Care of a patient by a member of the health care system who has initial contact with the patient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary megaureter
A peristaltic segment of distal ureter, that has no anatomical obstruction, but become dilated. ... It may be nonobstructive or related to congenital distal ureteral obstruction, UPJ obstruction or reflux. ... Occurs predominantly in males (80%), left more than right, 20% of cases are bilateral, and is really a diagnosis by exclusion. ... (21 Jun 200 …

primary meristem
Synonym for apical meristem ... <plant biology> The meristem at the tips of stems and roots. Composed of undifferentiated cells, many of which divide to add to the plant body but the central mass (the quiescent centre) remains inert and only becomes active if the meristem is damaged. ... Synonym: eumeristem. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

primary mesoderm
Synonym for extraembryonic mesoderm ... Extraembryonic ectoderm cells or tissues which, though derived from the zygote, are not part of the embryo proper and along with the extraembryonic mesoderm form the foetal membranes (e.g., amnion). ... Synonym: primary mesoderm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary metabolism
Metabolic processes central to most cells; e.g., biosynthesis of macromolecules, energy production, turnover, etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary metabolite
A metabolite excreted during the growth phase. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

primary methemoglobinaemia
Synonym for congenital methemoglobinaemia ... Methemoglobinaemia due to formation of any one of a group of abnormal a chain or b chain haemoglobins collectively known as haemoglobin M. Slate-gray cyanosis occurs in early infancy, without pulmonary or cardiac disease, and is resistant to ascorbic acid or methylene blue therapy; autosomal dominant inh …

primary myeloid metaplasia
Myeloid metaplasia occurring as the primary condition, often in association with myelofibrosis. ... Synonym: agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary narcissism
In psychoanalysis, the original psychic energy embodied or invested in the ego. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary neurasthenia
Synonym for neurasthenia praecox ... A form of nervous exhaustion appearing in the adolescent period. ... Synonym: primary neurasthenia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary neuronal degeneration
Synonym for Alzheimer's disease ... <disease> A progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterised by loss of function and death of nerve cells in several areas of the brain leading to loss of cognitive function such as memory and language. ... The cause of nerve cell death is unknown but the cells are recognised by the appearance of unusual …

primary nodule
A lymphatic nodule having small lymphocytes and lacking a germinal centre. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary nondisjunction
Nondisjunction occurring in a previously normal cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary nursing care
The primary responsibility of one nurse for the planning, evaluation, and care of a patient throughout the course of illness, convalescence, and recovery. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

primary oocyte
<cell biology, gynaecology> The enlarging ovum before maturity is reached, as opposed to the secondary oocyte or polar body. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

primary organiser
The organiser situated on the dorsal lip of the blastopore. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary ovarian follicle
An ovarian follicle before the appearance of an antrum; marked by developmental changes in the oocyte and follicular cells so that the latter form one or more layers of cuboidal or columnar cells; the follicle becomes surrounded by a sheath of stroma, the theca. ... Synonym: folliculus ovaricus primarius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary palate
In the early embryo, the mesoderm-filled shelf, formed from the medial nasal process, that anteriorly separates the oral cavity below from the primitive nasal cavities above. ... Synonym: primitive palate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary pentosuria
essential pentosuria ...

primary point of ossification
Synonym for primary centre of ossification ... This is the first site where bone begins to form in the shaft of a long bone or in the body of an irregular bone. ... Synonym: punctum ossificationis primarium, primary point of ossification. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary prevention
Prevention of disease or mental disorders in susceptible individuals or populations through promotion of health, including mental health, and specific protection, as in immunization, as distinguished from the prevention of complications or after-effects of existing disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

primary process
In psychoanalysis, the mental process directly related to the functions of the primitive life forces associated with the id and characteristic of unconscious mental activity; marked by unorganised, illogical thinking and by the tendency to seek immediate discharge and gratification of instinctual demands. ... Compare: secondary process. ... (05 Mar 2 …

primary producer
An organism that uses light to synthesise new organic material from carbon dioxide. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

primary production
Production of organic substances by photosynthesis, the quantity of material so produced per unit time. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

primary pulmonary hypertension
A condition where there is increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries with otherwise normal heart and lungs. The cause is unknown, but there is diffuse narrowing of the pulmonary arteries resulting in increased arteriolar pressures. Secondary heart failure ensues without correction of this problem. There is an increased incidence of this di …

primary pulmonary lobule
Synonym for pulmonary acinus ... The part of the airway consisting of a respiratory bronchiole and all of its branches. ... Synonym: primary pulmonary lobule, respiratory lobule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary pyoderma
A pyoderma, such as impetigo, in which pus formation is an essential part of the disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary radiation
An incident X-ray beam. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary rays
Cosmic ray's in the form in which they first strike the atmosphere, X-ray's generated at the focal spot of the tube. ... Synonym: direct rays. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary reaction
Synonym for vaccinia ... <dermatology> The cutaneous and sometimes systemic reactions associated with vaccination with smallpox vaccine. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

primary refractory anaemia
Any of a group of anaemic conditions in which there is persistent, frequently advanced anaemia that is not successfully treated by any means except blood transfusions, and that is not associated with another primary disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary reinforcement
Satisfaction of physiological needs or drives, such as that supplied by food or sleep. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary rejection
A rejection occurring more than seven days after transplantation, mainly from a cellular immune response. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary renal calculus
A calculus formed in an apparently healthy urinary tract, usually composed of oxalates, urates, or cystine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary renal tubular acidosis
A metabolic defect in the mechanism of urinary acidification that may be either the transient type, with onset in infancy, or the persistent type, with onset in childhood or adult years; both types are familial. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary reninism
Overproduction of renin by juxtaglomerular cells in the absence of a stimulus (such as decreased renal perfusion); leads to hyperaldosteronism, hypertension, hypokalaemia, and oedema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary sclerosing cholangitis
<radiology> Idiopathic, associated with IBD (50%), usually UC, M more than F, peak age 20-30 years of age, chronic inflammation and fibrosis of all bile ducts, stricture, obstruction, abscess (string of beads), intramural pseudo-diverticula, cholangiocarcinoma (10%!!), dilatation proximal to stricture may signal carcinoma Differential diagnos …

primary screw-worm
An obligatory screw-worm that can penetrate normal tissues and feed as a primary invader. The important myiasis flies of man that serve as p. Screw-worm's are Cochliomyia hominivorax, Chrysomyia bezziana, and Wohlfahrtia magnifica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary senile dementia
Synonym for Alzheimer's disease ... <disease> A progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterised by loss of function and death of nerve cells in several areas of the brain leading to loss of cognitive function such as memory and language. ... The cause of nerve cell death is unknown but the cells are recognised by the appearance of unusual …

primary sequestrum
A completely detached sequestrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary sex characters
The sex glands, testes or ovaries, and the accessory sex organs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary shock
Shock mainly nervous in nature, from pain, anxiety, etc., which ensues almost immediately upon the receipt of a severe injury. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary skin graft
A skin graft transferred immediately after the creation of a raw area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary sodium phosphate
Synonym for sodium biphosphate ... NaH2PO4-H2O;used to increase urinary acidity. ... Synonym: primary sodium phosphate, sodium acid phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary spermatocyte
<cell biology> A stage in the differentiation of the male germ cells. Spermatogonia differentiate into primary spermatocytes, showing a considerable increase in size in doing so, primary spermatocytes divide into secondary spermatocytes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

primary structure
The covalent backbone of a macromolecule. The order of subunits in a biological polymer, such as amino acids in a polypeptide or nucleotides in a molecule of DNA or RNA. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

primary syphilis
The first stage of syphilis ... See: syphilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary teeth
<dentistry> The first set of teeth that develop in childhood. ... Synonym: deciduous teeth. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

primary telangiectasia
angioma serpiginosum ...

primary tooth
Synonym for deciduous tooth ... A tooth of the first set of teeth, comprising 20 in all, that erupts between the mean ages of 6 and 28 months of life. ... Synonym: dens deciduus, baby tooth, deciduous dentition, dens lacteus, first dentition, milk tooth, primary dentition, primary tooth, temporary tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary transcript
<molecular biology> RNA transcript immediately after transcription in the nucleus, before RNA splicing or polyadenylation to form the mature mRNA. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

primary tuberculosis
First infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, typically seen in children but also occurs in adults, characterised in the lungs by the formation of a primary complex consisting of small peripheral pulmonary focus with spread to hilar or paratracheal lymph nodes; may cavitate or heal with scarring or may progress. ... Synonym: childhood type tubercul …

primary tumour
<oncology> The mass of tumour cells at the original site of the neoplastic event from the primary tumour metastasis will lead to the establishment of secondary tumours. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

primary union
Synonym for healing by first intention ... Healing by fibrous adhesion, without suppuration or granulation tissue formation. ... Synonym: primary adhesion, primary union. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary uterine inertia
True uterine inertia, uterine inertia that occurs when the uterus fails to contract with sufficient force to effect continuous dilation or effacement of the cervix or descent or rotation of the foetal head, and when the uterus is easily indentable at the acme of contraction, secondary uterine inertia, uterine inertia that occurs when the uterine co …

primary vaccination
<virology> First or principal vaccination with the introduction of a vaccine into the body for the purpose of inducing immunity. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

primary villus
The first stage of chorionic villus development, with columns of cytotrophoblastic cells covered by syncytiotrophoblast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary visual area
Synonym for visual cortex ... Area of the occipital lobe concerned with vision. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

primary visual cortex
See: visual cortex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary vitreous
The vitreous first formed in the embryo between the optic cup and the lens vesicle, and later vascularised by the hyaloid artery and its branches. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primase
<enzyme> The enzyme that polymerises nucleotide triphosphates to form oligoribonucleotides in a 5' to 3' direction. The enzyme synthesises the RNA for RNA DNA sequences that later become Okazaki fragments and also RNA primers for some types of phage using an sDNA template. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

primate diseases
Diseases of animals within the order primates. This term includes diseases of haplorhini and strepsirhini. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Primates
The highest order of mammals, including man, monkeys, and lemurs. ... Origin: L. Primus, first ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prime
1. First in order of time; original; primeval; primitive; primary. 'Prime forests.' 'She was not the prime cause, but I myself.' (Milton) ... In this sense the word is nearly superseded by primitive, except in the phrase prime cost. ... 2. First in rank, degree, dignity, authority, or importance; as, prime minister. 'Prime virtues.' ... 3. First in ex …

primer
Short pre-existing polynucleotide chain towhich new deoxyribonucleotides can be added by DNA polymerase. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

primer extension
A technique for determining the 5'-untranslated region of a specific mRNA molecule. Uses an oligonucleotide complementary to the known RNA sequence as a primer for cDNA synthesis via reverse transcriptase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primerite
Synonym: protomerite. ... Origin: L. Primus, first, + G. Meros, part ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primidone
This prescription drug is used to treat convulsions and seizures. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

primigravida
See: gravida. ... Origin: L. Fr. Primus, first, + gravida, a pregnant woman ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

priming
Treatment that does not in itself elicit a response from a system but that induces a greater capacity to respond to a second stimulus. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

primiparity
Condition of being a primipara. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primiparous
Denoting a primipara. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primite
The anterior member of a pair of gregarine gamonts in syzygy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primitive
Undeveloped or in early stages of development, undifferentiated. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

primitive aorta
The paired aortic primordia in young embryos. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primitive chorion
The chorion before its villi are well formed. ... Synonym: previllous chorion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primitive costal arches
Arch's formed in the thoracic region of the vertebral column in the embryo from the costal processes or costal elements which give rise to the ribs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primitive furrow
Synonym for primitive groove ... The median depression in the primitive streak flanked by the primitive ridges. ... Synonym: primitive furrow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primitive groove
The median depression in the primitive streak flanked by the primitive ridges. ... Synonym: primitive furrow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primitive gut
A flat sheet of intraembryonic endoderm that will change into a tubular gut due to the folding of embryonic body-head, tail and lateral body folds. ... Synonym: archenteron, celenteron, endodermal canal, subgerminal cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primitive knot
Synonym for primitive node ... A local thickening of the blastoderm at the cephalic end of the primitive streak of the embryo. ... Synonym: Hensen's knot, Hensen's node, Hubrecht's protochordal knot, primitive knot, protochordal knot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primitive meninx
The embryonic loose mesenchymatous tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord; from it the three definite meninges (arachnoidea, dura mater, and pia mater) are derived. ... Synonym: meninx primitiva. ... Meninx serosa, obsolete term for arachnoidea; the arachnoid is actually not a serous membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...