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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

promyelocyte
<haematology> Cell of the bone marrow that derive from myeloblasts and will give rise to myelocytes, precursors of myeloid cells and neutrophil granulocytes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

pronase
<enzyme> Mixture of proteolytic enzymes from Streptomyces griseus. at least four enzymes are present, including trypsin and chymotrypsin like proteases. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

pronasion
The point of the angle between the septum of the nose and the surface of the upper lip, found at the point where a tangent applied to the nasal septum meets the upper lip. ... Origin: pro-+ L. Nasus, nose ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pronation of foot
Eversion and abduction of the foot, raising the lateral edge. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pronation of forearm
Rotation of the forearm in such a way that the palm of the hand faces backward when the arm is in the anatomical position, or downward when the arm is extended at a right angle to the body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pronator quadratus
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, distal fourth of anterior surface of ulna; insertion, distal fourth of anterior surface of radius; action, pronates forearm; nerve supply, anterior interosseous. ... Synonym: musculus pronator quadratus, quadrate pronator muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pronator reflex
Synonym for ulnar reflex ... Pronation and adduction of the hand caused by tapping the styloid process of the ulna. ... Synonym: pronator reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pronator ridge
An oblique ridge on the anterior surface of the ulna, giving attachment to the pronator quadratus muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pronator teres
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, superficial (humeral) head (ulnar) from the common flexor origin on the medial epicondyle of the humerus, deep (ulnar) head from the medial side of the coronoid process of the ulna; insertion, middle of the lateral surface of the radius; action, pronates forearm; nerve supply, median. ... Synonym: musculus pronator te …

pronatus
A baby born prematurely. ... Origin: L. Pro, before, + nascor, pp. Natus, to be born ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prone
Lying face downward. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

prone position
The posture of an individual lying face down. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

proneness
1. The quality or state of being prone, or of bending downward; as, the proneness of beasts is opposed to the erectness of man. ... 2. The state of lying with the face down; opposed to supineness. ... 3. Descent; declivity; as, the proneness of a hill. ... 4. Inclination of mind, heart, or temper; propension; disposition; as, proneness to self-gratifi …

pronephric duct
The duct of the pronephros; serves as the mesonephric duct. ... Synonym: nephric duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pronephric tubule
An excretory unit of the pronephros, present only in vestigial form in human embryos. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pronephros
1. The definitive excretory organ of primitive fishes. ... Synonym: head kidney. ... 2. In the embryos of higher vertebrates, a vestigial structure consisting of a series of tortuous tubules emptying into the cloaca by way of the primary nephric duct; in the human embryo, the pronephros is a very rudimentary and temporary structure, followed by the m …

pronethalol hydrochloride
The hydrochloride of 2-isopropylamino-1-(2-naphthyl)ethanol; an early adrenergic beta-receptor blocking agent used as an antagonist of the cardiac action of epinephrine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prong
1. A sharp-pointed instrument. 'Prick it on a prong of iron.' (Sandys) ... 2. The tine of a fork, or of a similar instrument; as, a fork of two or three prongs. ... 3. <zoology> A sharp projection, as of an antler. The fang of a tooth. ... Origin: Cf. D. Prangen to pinch, press, LG. Prange a stick, or W. Procio to thrust, E. Prowl, pang. ... Sour …

pronghorn
<zoology> An American antelope (Antilocapra Americana), native of the plain near the Rocky Mountains. The upper parts are mostly yellowish brown; the under parts, the sides of the head and throat, and the buttocks, are white. The horny sheath of the horns is shed annually. ... Synonym: cabree, cabut, prongbuck, and pronghorned antelope. ... Sou …

pronograde
Walking or resting with the body horizontal, denoting the posture of quadrupeds; opposed to orthograde. ... Origin: L. Pronus, inclined forward, + gradior, to walk ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pronometer
Synonym for goniometer ... 1. An instrument for measuring angles. ... 2. An appliance for the static test of labyrinthine disease, which consists of a plank, one end of which may be raised to any desired height; as one end of the plank is gradually raised, the point at which a patient loses balance is noted. ... 3. A calibrated device designed to meas …

pronormoblast
The earliest of four stages in development of the normoblast. ... See: erythroblast. ... Synonym: lymphoid haemoblast of Pappenheim, proerythroblast, rubriblast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pronucleus
<molecular biology> Haploid nucleus resulting from meiosis. ... In animals the female pronucleus is the nucleus of the ovum before fusion with the male pronucleus. The male pronucleus is the sperm nucleus after it has entered the ovum at fertilization but before fusion with the female pronucleus. ... In plants the pronuclei are the two male nuc …

proof
1. Any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial. 'For whatsoever mother wit or art Could work, he put in proof.' (Spenser) 'You shall have many proofs to show your skill.' (Ford) 'Formerly, a very rude mode of ascertaining the strength of spirits was practiced, called the pr …

proofreading
The property of certain polymerases e.g., DNA polymerase, to use their exonuclease activity to remove erroneously introduced bases and to replace them with the correct bases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prop
To support, or prevent from falling, by placing something under or against; as, to prop up a fence or an old building; to sustain; to maintain; as, to prop a declining state. 'Till the bright mountains prop the incumbent sky.' (Pope) 'For being not propp'd by ancestry.' (Shak) 'I prop myself upon those few supports that are left me.' (Pope) ... Orig …

propafenone
<chemical> 1-(2-(2-hydroxy-3-(propylamino)propoxy)phenyl)-3-phenyl-1-propanone. An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity. The drug is generally well tolerated. ... Pharmacological action: anti-arrhythmia agents. ... Chemical name: 1-Propanone, 1-(2-(2-hydroxy-3-(p …

propagate
<botany> To produce seedlings for revegetation work by germinating seeds, growing cuttings, or using some other method to encourage plant reproduction and growth. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

propagated thrombus
Synonym for creeping thrombosis ... A gradually increasing thrombosis involving one section of a vein after another in continuity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

propagation
1. The act of propagating; continuance or multiplication of the kind by generation or successive production; as, the propagation of animals or plants. 'There is not in nature any spontaneous generation, but all come by propagation.' (Ray) ... 2. The spreading abroad, or extension, of anything; diffusion; dissemination; as, the propagation of sound; …

propagative
Relating to or concerned in propagation; denoting the sexual part of an animal or plant as distinguished from the soma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

propagule
A structure with the capacity to give rise to a new plant, for example a seed, a spore, or a part of the vegetative body capable of independent growth if detached from the parent. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

propalinal
Back and forth; denoting a forward and backward movement. ... Origin: pro-+ G. Palin, backward ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

propamidine
4,4'-Diamidino-1,3-diphenoxypropane;active against Trypanosoma gambiense infections; also markedly bacteriostatic; used as a local anti-infective agent in 0.1% aqueous solution, and against systemic fungal infections such as blastomycosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

propanedioic acid
Synonym for malonic acid ... HOOC-CH2-COOH;a dicarboxylic acid of importance in intermediary metabolism; an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. ... Synonym: propanedioic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

propanediol dehydratase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the dehydration of 1,2-propanediol to propionaldehyde. ... Chemical name: Propane-1,2-diol hydro-lyase ... Registry number: EC 4.2.1.28 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

propanidid
<chemical> An intravenous anaesthetic that has been used for rapid induction of anaesthesia and for maintenance of anaesthesia of short duration. ... Pharmacological action: anaesthetics, intravenous. ... Chemical name: Benzeneacetic acid, 4-(2-(diethylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)-3-methoxy-, propyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

propanil
<chemical> A chlorinated anilide that is used as an herbicide. ... Pharmacological action: herbicides. ... Chemical name: Propanamide, N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

propanoic acid
Synonym for propionic acid ... CH3CH2COOH; methylacetic acid; ethylformic acid;found in sweat. ... Synonym: propanoic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

propanol
propyl alcohol ...

propanolamines
Amino alcohols containing the propanolamine (nh2ch2chohch2) group and its derivatives. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

propanols
Isomeric forms and derivatives of propanol (c3h7oh). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

propantheline
<chemical> A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. at high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking. ... Pharmacological action: anti-ulcer agents, muscarinic antagonists, parasympatholytics. ... Chemical name: 2-Propanaminium, N-methyl-N-( …

propantheline bromide
Beta-Diisopropylmethylaminoethyl-9-xanthine carboxylate bromide;the isopropyl analogue of methantheline bromide; an anticholinergic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proparacaine hydrochloride
2-diethylaminoethyl-3-amino-4-propoxybenzoate hydrochloride;a surface anaesthetic agent used in ophthalmology. ... Synonym: proxymetacaine hydrochloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proparathyroid hormone
The immediate precursor of parathyroid hormone; proparathyroid differs from parathyroid hormone by an N-terminal hexapeptide extension. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

propatyl nitrate
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol trinitrate;a coronary vasodilator. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

propentdyopents
See: bilirubinoids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proper
1. Belonging to one; one's own; individual. 'His proper good' [i. E, his own possessions] . 'My proper son.' 'Now learn the difference, at your proper cost, Betwixt true valor and an empty boast.' (Dryden) ... 2. Belonging to the natural or essential constitution; peculiar; not common; particular; as, every animal has his proper instincts and appeti …

proper fasciculi
Synonym for fasciculi proprii ... Flechsig's fasciculi or ground bundles (f. Anterior proprius and fasciculus lateralis proprius or lateral ground bundle); intersegmental fasciculi; ascending and descending association fibre systems of the spinal cord which lie deep in the anterior, lateral, and posterior funiculi adjacent to the gray matter. ... Syn …

proper hepatic artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, common hepatic; branches, right and left hepatic. ... Synonym: arteria hepatica propria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proper ligament of ovary
Synonym for ovarian ligament ... <anatomy> A cordlike bundle of fibres passing to the side of the uterus from the lower end of the ovary, between the folds of the broad ligament (mesovarium). ... Synonym: ligamentum ovarii proprium, proper ligament of ovary. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proper occlusion
<dentistry> A beautiful smile where all of your teeth are straight and your top teeth line up with your bottom teeth. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

proper palmar digital artery
<anatomy, artery> Terminal branches of the common palmar digital artery that pass to the side of each finger. ... Synonym: arteria digitalis palmaris propria, collateral digital artery, digital collateral artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proper palmar digital nerves
The palmar nerves of the digits of the hand derived from common palmar digital nerves; each nerve supplies a palmar quadrant of a digit and a part of the dorsal surface of the distal phalanx. ... Synonym: nervi digitales palmares proprii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proper plantar digital artery
<anatomy, artery> One of the digital branches of the plantar metatarsal arteries. ... Synonym: arteria digitalis plantaris propria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proper plantar digital nerves
The ten nerves derived from the common plantar digital nerves; each nerve supplies a plantar quadrant of a toe and part of the dorsal surface of the distal phalanx. ... Synonym: nervi digitales plantares proprii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proper substance
See: substantia propria of cornea, substantia propria membranae tympani, substantia propria sclerae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

properdin
<protein> Component of the alternative pathway for complement activation: complexes with C3b and stabilises the alternative pathway C3 convertase (C3bBbP) that cleaves C3. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

properdin factor A
A component of the properdin system; a hydrazine-sensitive b1-globulin (mw about 180,000), now known to be C3 (third component of complement). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

properdin factor b
<enzyme> A glycine-rich, heat-labile beta-glycoprotein found in blood. It is a proactivator of complement 3 in the alternate pathway of complement activation. Factor b is converted by factor d to c3 convertase. ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.47 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

properdin factor d
<enzyme> A serum protein which during the alternate pathway of complement activation converts the inactive properdin factor b to c3 convertase. ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.46 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

properdin factor E
A serum protein (mw 160,000) required for activation of C3 (third component of complement) by cobra venom factor. ... See: properdin system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

properdin system
An immunological system that is the alternative pathway for complement, composed of several distinct proteins that react in a serial manner and activate C3 (third component of complement), seemingly without utilizing components C1, C4, and C2; in addition to properdin, the system includes properdin factors A (native C3), B (C3 proactivator), D (C3 …

properitoneal
In front of the peritoneum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

properitoneal inguinal hernia
A complicated hernia having a double sac, one part in the inguinal canal, the other projecting from the internal inguinal ring in the subperitoneal tissues. ... Synonym: hernia en bissac, Kronlein's hernia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

property
<chemistry> Any measurable aspect of the system. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

prophage
The genome of a lysogenic bacteriophage when it is integrated into the chromosome of the host bacterium. The prophage is replicated as part of the host chromosome. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

prophase
Classical term for the first phase of mitosis or of one of the divisions of meiosis. During this phase the chromosomes condense and become visible. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

prophase i
The first stage in the first meiotic division of meiosis. The individual chromosomes of the cell become clearly visible within the nucleus with a light microscope as they condense from long, thin, wispy structures to thick structures, and they appear as a tangled jumble of paired, identical chromatids. Prophase ends with the disappearance of the nu …

prophase II
The first stage in the second meiotic division of meiosis, following telophase I. In each of the two cells which were produced by the first meiotic division, the chromosomes migrate towards the cells centre. The stage ends when the chromosomes are aligned along a single plane in the centre of each cell. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

prophecy
Origin: OE. Prophecie, OF. Profecie, F. Prophetie, L. Prophetia, fr. Gr, fr. To be an interpreter of the gods, to prophesy, fr. Prophet. See Prophet. ... 1. A declaration of something to come; a foretelling; a prediction; especially, an inspired foretelling. 'He hearkens after prophecies and dreams.' (Shak) 'Prophecy came not in old time by the will …

prophenpyridamine maleate
Synonym for pheniramine maleate ... 1-phenyl-1-(2-pyridyl)-3-dimethylaminopropane maleate;an antihistaminic. ... Synonym: prophenpyridamine maleate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prophet
1. One who prophesies, or foretells events; a predicter; a foreteller. ... 2. One inspired or instructed by God to speak in his name, or announce future events, as, Moses, Elijah, etc. ... 3. An interpreter; a spokesman. ... 4. <zoology> A mantis. School of the prophets, a school or college in which young men were educated and trained for public …

prophlogistic
Causing or producing tissue inflammation. ... Origin: pro-+ G. Phlogosis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prophylactic
Preventive measure or medication. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

prophylactic cranial irradiation
Radiation therapy to the head to prevent cancer from spreading to the brain. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

prophylactic mastectomy
<procedure, surgery> Surgery to remove a breast before it has cancer. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

prophylactic membrane
Synonym for pyogenic membrane ... A layer of pus cells lining an abscess cavity which have not yet autolyzed. ... Synonym: prophylactic membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prophylactic treatment
The institution of measures designed to protect a person from an attack of a disease to which he has been, or is liable to be exposed. ... Synonym: preventive treatment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prophylaxis
The prevention of disease, preventive treatment. ... Origin: Gr. Prophylassein = to keep guard before ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

prophyll
A leaf formed at the base of a shoot, usually smaller than those formed subsequently. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

propicillin
A semisynthetic acid-stable penicillin that may be more effective than penicillin G. ... Synonym: alpha-phenoxypropylpenicillin potassium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

propidium
<chemical> 3,8-diamino-5-(3-(diethymethyammonio) propyl)-6-phenylphenanthridium. Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits. ... Pharmacological …

propiocortin
An endogenous polypeptide that might be a precursor to the enkephalins. ... Compare: proenkephalin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

propiolactone
<chemical> 2-oxetanone. Disinfectant used in vapor form to sterilise vaccines, grafts, etc. The vapor is very irritating and the liquid form is carcinogenic. ... Pharmacological action: anti-infective agents, local, carcinogens, disinfectants. ... Chemical name: 2-Oxetanone ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

propionate-3-nitronate oxidase
<enzyme> From penicillium atrovenetum; flavoprotein; catalyses the oxidation of propionate 3-nitronate in the presence of oxygen to yield malonate semialdehyde, no2, no3 and h2o2 ... Registry number: EC 1.7.3.- ... Synonym: 3-nitropropionate oxidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

propionibacteriaceae
A family of gram-positive bacteria found in dairy products or in the intestinal tracts of animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

propionibacterium
A genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria whose cells occur singly, in pairs or short chains, in v or y configurations, or in clumps resembling letters of the chinese alphabet. Its organisms are found in cheese and dairy products as well as on human skin and can occasionally cause soft tissue infections. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

propionibacterium acnes
A bacteria isolated from normal skin, intestinal contents, wounds, blood, pus, and soft tissue abscesses. It is a common contaminant of clinical specimens, presumably from the skin of patients or attendants. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Propionibacterium propionicus
arachnia propionica ...

propionic acid
CH3CH2COOH; methylacetic acid; ethylformic acid;found in sweat. ... Synonym: propanoic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

propionic acidemia
ketotic hyperglycinaemia ...

propionic acids
3-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

propionyl CoA hydrolase
<enzyme> Nadh sensitive; found in brown adipose tissue mitochondria of rat; prevents a deterimental increase of propionyl-CoA in mitochondria; mw at least 240 kD ... Registry number: EC 3.1.2.- ... Synonym: propionyl coenzyme a hydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

propionyl-CoA
The coenzyme A thioester derivative of propionic acid; an intermediate in the degradation of l-valine, l-isoleucine, l-threonine, l-methionine, and odd-chain fatty acids; a precursor for the synthesis of odd-chain fatty acids; it accumulates in individuals with a deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase. ... Propionyl-CoA carboxylase, an enzyme that …

propionyl-CoA carboxylase
<enzyme> See also propionyl CoA carboxylase (ATP-hydrolyzing) (EC 6.4.1.4) ... Registry number: EC 4.1.1.41 ... Synonym: methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase, propionyl-coenzyme a carboxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

propionylcholinesterase
<enzyme> Aspect of cholinesterase EC 3.1.1.8 ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

propionylglycine
CH3CH2CONHCH2COOH;a minor metabolite that accumulates in individuals with propionic acidemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

propitiation
1. The act of appeasing the wrath and conciliating the favor of an offended person; the act of making propitious. ... 2. That which propitiates; atonement or atoning sacrifice; specifically, the influence or effects of the death of Christ in appeasing the divine justice, and conciliating the divine favor. 'He [Jesus Christ] is the propitiation for o …