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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


pro-oxidants
Compounds or agents capable of generating toxic oxygen species. ... Compare: antioxidant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proaccelerin
Synonym for factor v ... <chemical> Heat- and storage-labile plasma glycoprotein which accelerates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in blood coagulation. Factor v accomplishes this by forming a complex with factor xa, phospholipid, and calcium (prothrombinase complex). Deficiency of factor v leads to owren's disease. ... Chemical name: …

proacrosin
A precursor protein of acrosin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proacrosomal
Relating to an early stage in the development of the acrosome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proacrosomal granule
<cell biology> Small carbohydrate-rich granule's appearing in vesicles of the Golgi apparatus of spermatids. ... They coalesce into a single acrosomal granule contained within an acrosomal vesicle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proactinium
Synonym for protactinium ... <chemical> Protactinium. A radioactive element of the actinide group of metals. It has the atomic symbol pa, atomic number 91, and atomic weight 231. It decays by alpha-emission. ... Chemical name: Protactinium ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

proactivator
<biochemistry> A substance that, when chemically split, yields a fragment (activator) capable of rendering another substance enzymatically active. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proactive inhibition
The state or process hypothesised to account for poorer learning rate for elements later in a series as compared to the learning rate for elements coming earlier in a series. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

proadifen
<chemical> Alpha-phenyl-alpha-propylbenzeneacetic acid, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester. An inhibitor of drug metabolism and cytochrome p-450 activity. ... Pharmacological action: enzyme inhibitors. ... Chemical name: Benzeneacetic acid, alpha-phenyl-alpha-propyl-, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

proaemial
Synonym: prodromal. ... Origin: L. Prooemium, fr. G. Prooimion, prelude ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proal
Relating to a forward movement. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proalbumin endoproteinase
<enzyme> Calcium-dependent endopeptidase from golgi membrane fractions of rat liver; pH optimum 6.0; specific for carboxyl side of paired basic residues (arg-arg and lys-arg) in proalbumin and proparathyroid hormone ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

proamnion
An area of the extraembryonic membranes beneath, and in front of, the developing head of a young embryo which remains without mesoderm for some time. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

probabilist
1. One who maintains that certainty is impossible, and that probability alone is to govern our faith and actions. ... 2. One who maintains that a man may do that which has a probability of being right, or which is inculcated by teachers of authority, although other opinions may seem to him still more probable. ... Origin: Cf. F. Probabilists. ... Sour …

probability
Origin: L. Probabilitas: cf. F. Probabilite. ... 1. The quality or state of being probable; appearance of reality or truth; reasonable ground of presumption; likelihood. 'Probability is the appearance of the agreement or disagreement of two ideas, by the intervention of proofs whose connection is not constant, but appears for the most part to be so. …

probability curve
A graph of the gaussian (normal) distribution representing relative probabilities. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

probability learning
Usually refers to the use of mathematical models in the prediction of learning to perform tasks based on the theory of probability applied to responses; it may also refer to the frequency of occurrence of the responses observed in the particular study. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

probability sample
Each individual in the sample has a known, generally equal, chance of being selected. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

probability theory
The branch of mathematics dealing with the purely logical properties of probability. Its theorems underlie most statistical methods. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

probacteriophage
The stage of a temperate bacteriophage in which the genome is incorporated in the genetic apparatus of the bacterial host. ... Synonym: prophage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proband
The family member through whom a family medically comes to light. The proband might for example be a baby with down syndrome. The proband may also be called the index case, propositus (if male) or proposita (if female). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

probe
<molecular biology> General term for a piece of DNA or RNA corresponding to a gene or sequence of interest, that has been labelled either radioactively or with some other detectable molecule, such as biotin, digoxygenin or fluorescein. As stretches of DNA or RNA with complementary sequences will (hybridise), a probe will label viral plaques, …

probe patency
(of foramen ovale), a term introduced by B.M. Patten to cover incomplete fibrous adhesion of an adequate valvula foraminis ovalis in the postnatal closure of the foramen ovale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

probe syringe
A syringe with an olive-shaped tip, used in treatment of diseases of the lacrimal passages. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

probenecid
<chemical> The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy. ... Pharmacol …

probilifuscins
See: bilirubinoids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

probiosis
An association of two organisms that enhances the life processes of both. ... Compare: antibiosis, symbiosis, mutualism. ... Origin: pro-+ G. Biosis, life ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

probiotic
General term for a substance that promotes the growth of microorganisms. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

probiotics
Live microbial feed supplements which beneficially affect the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance. Antibiotics and other related compounds are not included in this definition. In humans, lactobacilli are commonly used as probiotics, either as single species or in mixed culture with other bacteria. Other genera that have been u …

probity
Tried virtue or integrity; approved moral excellence; honesty; rectitude; uprightness. 'Probity of mind.' ... Synonym: Probity, Integrity. ... Probity denotes unimpeachable honesty and virtue, shown especially by the performance of those obligations, called imperfect, which the laws of the state do not reach, and can not enforce. Integrity denotes a …

problem
1. A question proposed for solution; a matter stated for examination or proof; hence, a matter difficult of solution or settlement; a doubtful case; a question involving doubt. ... 2. <mathematics> Anything which is required to be done; as, in geometry, to bisect a line, to draw a perpendicular; or, in algebra, to find an unknown quantity. ... …

problem area wetland
<ecology> A wetland that is difficult to identify because it may lack indicators of wetland hydrology and/or hydric soils, or its dominant plant species are more common of nonwetlands. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

problem solving
A learning situation involving more than one alternative from which a selection is made in order to attain a specific goal. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

problem-based learning
Instructional use of examples or cases to teach using problem-solving skills and critical thinking. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

problem-oriented record
A system of record keeping in which a list of the patient's problems is made and all history, physical findings, laboratory data, etc. Pertinent to each problem are placed under that heading; especially useful for out-patient records of patients with multiple problems who are followed for long periods. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proboscidifera
1. <zoology> An extensive division of pectinibranchiate gastropods, including those that have a long retractile proboscis, with the mouth at the end, as the cones, whelks, tritons, and cowries. ... 2. <zoology> A subdivision of the taenioglossate gastropods, including the fig-shells (Pyrula), the helmet shells (Cassis), the tritons, and …

proboscis
1. <zoology> A hollow organ or tube attached to the head, or connected with the mouth, of various animals, and generally used in taking food or drink; a snout; a trunk. ... The proboscis of an elephant is a flexible muscular elongation of the nose. The proboscis of insects is usually a chitinous tube formed by the modified maxillae, or by the …

probract
Small, leaf-like structure at the base of an inflorescence in members of the cucumber family (Curcurbitaceae), usually arising opposite a tendril. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Probstymayria vivipara
A nematode (family Atractidae) closely related to the true pinworms (family Oxyuridae) and still commonly considered the horse pinworm; it is distributed worldwide and is found often in tremendous numbers, because of internal autoreinfection, in the colon of horses and other equids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

probucol
<chemical> A drug used in the treatment of hypercholesteraemia. It lowers total plasma cholesterol concentrations, mainly by reducing low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations. It has little effect on serum-triglyceride or very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations. ... Pharmacolog …

PROC
Synonym for protein c ... A vitamin K-dependent protein in plasma that enters into the cascade of biochemical events leading to the formation of a clot. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

procainamide
<chemical> A derivative of procaine with less CNS action. It is used in cardiac arrhythmias. ... It differs chemically from procaine by containing the amide group (CONH) instead of the ester group (COO). It depresses the irritability of the cardiac muscle, having a quinidine-like action upon the heart, and is used in ventricular arrhythmias.
procainamide hydrochloride
(05 Mar 2000) ...

procaine
<drug> Organic base (234 D). Procaine butyrate, borate and hydrochloride are used as local anaesthetics. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

procaine esterase
<enzyme> Aspect of EC 3.1.1.1,carboxylesterase ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

procaine hydrochloride
2-Diethylaminoethyl p-aminobenzoate monohydrochloride;a local anaesthetic for infiltration and spinal anaesthesia; previously widely used but now infrequently employed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

procambium
<plant biology> Plant meristem that gives rise to the primary vascular system. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

procapsid
A protein shell lacking a virus genome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

procarbazine
<chemical> N-(1-methylethyl)-4-((2-methylhydrazino)methyl)benzamide. An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the mopp protocol) in the treatment of hodgkin's disease. It is unrelated to other antineoplastic agent and may therefore be effective when other agents have failed. ... P …

procarbazine hydrochloride
Ibenzmethyzin hydrochloride; N-isopropyl-alpha-(2-methylhydrazino)-p-toluamide monohydrochloride;an antineoplastic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

procarboxypeptidase
Inactive precursor of a carboxypeptidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

procarcinogens
Inactive xenobiotics that are converted to carcinogens in the organism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

procardia
Synonym for nifedipine ... <drug> A calcium channel blocker (346 D) used experimentally and as a coronary vasodilator. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Procaryotae
Synonym: Prokaryotae. ... Origin: pro-+ G. Karyon, kernel, nut ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

procaryote
Synonym for prokaryote ... Organisms, namely bacteria and cyanobacteria (formerly known as blue green algae), characterised by the possession of a simple naked DNA chromosome, occasionally two such chromosomes, usually of circular structure, without a nuclear membrane and possessing a very small range of organelles, generally only a plasma membrane …

procaryotic
Synonym for prokaryotic ... Pertaining to or characteristic of a prokaryote. ... Synonym: procaryotic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

procatarctic
<medicine> Beginning; predisposing; exciting; initial. ... The words procatarctic causes have been used with different significations. Thus they have been employed synonymously with prime causes, exciting causes, and predisposing or remote causes. 'The physician inquires into the procatarctic causes.' (Harvey) ... Origin: Gr. Beginning beforeha …

procaterol
<chemical> A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist. It is a potent bronchodilator that may be administered orally or by aerosol inhalation. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic beta-agonists, bronchodilator agents, sympathomimetic. ... Chemical name: 2(1H)-Quinolinone, 8-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-((1-methylethyl)amino)butyl)-, (R*,S*)-( …

procedure
A series of steps by which a desired result is accomplished. ... Origin: L. Procedere, from pro = forward, cedere = move ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

procelia
A lateral ventricle of the brain; the hollow of the prosencephalon. ... Origin: pro-+ G. Koilia, a hollow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

procelous
Concave anteriorly. ... Origin: pro-+ G. Koilos, hollow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

procentriole
<cell biology> The forming centriole composed of microtubules. Multiple procentrioles are present in some cells as a structure called the blepharoplast. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

procentriole organiser
Synonym for deuterosome ... Dense spherical fibrous granules that occur in the centrosphere and act in the development of centrioles or basal bodies. ... Synonym: procentriole organiser. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

procercoid
The first stage in the aquatic life cycle of certain tapeworms, such as the pseudophyllideans (family Diphyllobothriidae), following ingestion of the newly hatched larva (coracidium) by a copepod (water flea). The procercoid develops into a tailed larva in the body cavity of the crustacean first intermediate host; when the procercoid and its host a …

procerus
Synonym: procerus muscle. ... Origin: L. Long, stretched out ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

procerus muscle
<anatomy> Insertion, into frontalis; action, assists frontalis; origin, from membrane covering bridge of nose; nerve supply, branch of facial. ... Synonym: musculus procerus, musculus pyramidalis nasi, procerus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

process
<chemistry> A change from one state to another. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

process assessment
An evaluation procedure that focuses on how care is delivered, based on the premise that there are standards of performance for activities undertaken in delivering patient care, in which the specific actions taken, events occurring, and human interactions are compared with accepted standards. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

process heat
Heat used in an industrial process rather than for space heating or other housekeeping purposes. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

process schizophrenia
An obsolete term for those forms of severe schizophrenic disorders in which chronic and progressive biologic conditions in the brain are considered to be the primary cause and in which prognosis is poor as well, with insidious onset at a young age, as contrasted with reactive schizophrenia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processing
1. Posttranslational modification of proteins, particularly secretory proteins and proteins targeted for membranes or specific cellular locations. ... Synonym: trafficking. ... 2. Posttranscriptional modification of polynucleic acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

procession
1. The act of proceeding, moving on, advancing, or issuing; regular, orderly, or ceremonious progress; continuous course. 'That the procession of their life might be' 'More equable, majestic, pure, and free.' (Trench) ... 2. That which is moving onward in an orderly, stately, or solemn manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a ceremonious tra …

processionary
Pertaining to a procession; consisting in processions; as, processionary service. ... <zoology> Processionary moth, any moth of the genus Cnethocampa, especially C. Processionea of Europe, whose larvae make large webs on oak trees, and go out to feed in regular order. They are covered with stinging hairs. ... Origin: Cf. LL. Processionarius, F. …

processus
Synonym: process. ... Origin: L. See process ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus accessorius
Synonym for accessory process ... A small apophysis at the posterior part of the base of the transverse process of each of the lumbar vertebrae. ... Synonym: processus accessorius, accessory tubercle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus alveolaris
Synonym for alveolar process ... That portion of bone in either the maxilla or the mandible which surrounds and supports the teeth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

processus anterior mallei
Synonym for anterior process of malleus ... A slender spur running anteriorward from the neck of the malleus toward the petrotympanic fissure. ... Synonym: processus anterior mallei, Folli's process, follian process, long process of malleus, processus gracilis, processus ravii, Rau's process, Ravius' process, slender process of malleus. ... (05 Mar 20 …

processus articularis
Synonym for articular process ... One of the small flat projections on the surfaces of the arches of the vertebrae on either side, at the point where the pedicles and laminae join, forming the zygapophysial joint surfaces; superior articular process, diapophysis; one of the anticular processes on the superior surface of the vertebral arch; inferior …

processus ascendens
An upward extension of the embryonic pterygoquadrate cartilage; it develops into the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. ... Synonym: ascending process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus brevis
Synonym for lateral process of malleus ... A short projection from the base of the manubrium of the malleus, attached firmly to the drum membrane. ... Synonym: processus lateralis mallei, processus brevis, short process of malleus, tuberculum mallei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus calcaneus ossis cuboidei
Synonym for calcaneal process of cuboid bone ... The process projecting posteriorly from the plantar surface of the cuboid; it supports the anterior end of the calcaneus. ... Synonym: processus calcaneus ossis cuboidei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus caudatus
Synonym for caudate process ... A narrow band of hepatic tissue connecting the caudate and right lobes of the liver posterior to the porta hepatis. ... Synonym: processus caudatus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus ciliaris
Synonym for ciliary process ... One of the radiating pigmented ridges, usually seventy in number, on the inner surface of the ciliary body, increasing in thickness as they advance from the orbiculus ciliaris to the external border of the iris; these, together with the folds (plicae) in the furrows between them, constitute the corona ciliaris. ... Syn …

processus clinoideus
Synonym for clinoid process ... One of three pairs of bony projections from the sphenoid bone: anterior clinoid process, the recurved posterior angle of the lesser wing; middle clinoid process, a little spur of bone on the body of the sphenoid, posterolateral to the tuberculum sellae; posterior clinoid process, a spur of bone at each superior angle …

processus cochleariformis
A bony angular process (the termination of the septum of the auditory tube) above the anterior end of the vestibular window, forming a pulley over which the tendon of the tensor tympani muscle plays. ... Synonym: cochleariform process, processus trochleariformis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus condylaris
Synonym for condylar process ... The articular process of the ramus of the mandible; it includes the head of the mandible, the neck of the mandible and pterygoid fovea. ... Synonym: processus condylaris, condyloid process, mandibular condyle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus coracoideus
Synonym for coracoid process ... A long curved projection from the neck of the scapula overhanging the glenoid cavity; it gives attachment to the short head of the biceps, the coracobrachialis, and the pectoralis minor muscles, and the conoid and coracoacromial ligaments. ... Synonym: processus coracoideus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus coronoideus
Synonym for coronoid process ... A sharp triangular projection from a bone; coronoid process of the mandible, the triangular anterior process of the mandibular ramus, giving attachment to the temporal muscle; coronoid process of the ulna, a bracket-like projection from the anterior portion of the proximal extremity of the ulna; its anterior surface …

processus costalis
Synonym for costal process ... An apophysis extending laterally from the transverse process of a lumbar vertebra; it is the homologue of the rib. ... Synonym: processus costalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus ethmoidalis
Synonym for ethmoidal process ... A projection of the inferior concha, situated behind the lacrimal process and articulating with the uncinate process of the ethmoid. ... Synonym: processus ethmoidalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus falciformis
Synonym for falciform process ... A continuation of the inner border of the sacrotuberous ligament upward and forward on the inner aspect of the ramus of the ischium. ... Synonym: processus falciformis, falciform ligament, ligamentum falciforme. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus ferreini
Synonym for medullary ray ... The centre of the renal lobule, which has the shape of a small, steep pyramid, consisting of straight tubular parts; these may be either ascending or descending limbs of the nephronic loop or collecting tubules. ... Synonym: pars radiata lobuli corticalis renis, Ferrein's pyramid, processus ferreini. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus frontalis maxillae
Synonym for frontal process of maxilla ... The upward extension from the body of the maxilla, which articulates with the frontal bone. ... Synonym: nasal process, processus frontalis maxillae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus gracilis
Synonym for anterior process of malleus ... A slender spur running anteriorward from the neck of the malleus toward the petrotympanic fissure. ... Synonym: processus anterior mallei, Folli's process, follian process, long process of malleus, processus gracilis, processus ravii, Rau's process, Ravius' process, slender process of malleus. ... (05 Mar 20 …

processus intrajugularis
Synonym for intrajugular process ... A small pointed process of bone extending from the middle of the jugular notch in both the occipital and the temporal bones, the two being joined by a ligament and dividing the jugular foramen into two portions. ... Synonym: processus intrajugularis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus jugularis
Synonym for jugular process ... A short process jutting out from the posterior part of the condyle of the occipital bone, its anterior border forming the posterior boundary of the jugular foramen. ... Synonym: processus jugularis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus lacrimalis
Synonym for lacrimal process ... A projection from the anterior edge of the inferior concha which articulates with the lower border of the lacrimal bone. ... Synonym: processus lacrimalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus lateralis mallei
Synonym for lateral process of malleus ... A short projection from the base of the manubrium of the malleus, attached firmly to the drum membrane. ... Synonym: processus lateralis mallei, processus brevis, short process of malleus, tuberculum mallei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus lateralis tali
Synonym for lateral process of talus ... A projection on the lateral side of the talus below the malleolar articular surface. ... Synonym: processus lateralis tali. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

processus lenticularis incudis
Synonym for lenticular process of incus ... A knob at the tip of the long limb of the incus which articulates with the stapes. ... Synonym: processus lenticularis incudis, lenticular apophysis, lenticular bone, orbicular bone, orbicular process, orbiculare, os orbiculare, os sylvii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...