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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

preictal
Occurring before a seizure or stroke. ... Origin: pre-+ L. Ictus, a stroke ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preimplantation diagnosis
Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the ovum, zygote, or blastocyst prior to implantation. Cytogenetic analysis is performed to determine the presence or absence of genetic disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

preimplantation phase
The time period between fertilization and implantation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

preinduction
A modification in the third generation resulting from the action of environment on the germ cells of one or both individuals of the grandparental generation. An effect from the action of environment on the germ cells of progenitors upon their grandchildren. ... Origin: L. Prae, before, + inductio, a bringing in, fr. Induco, to lead in ... (05 Mar 200 …

preinfarction angina
An obsolete term for unstable angina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preinfarction syndrome
<syndrome> Abrupt development of angina pectoris or worsening of existing angina by increases in its frequency or severity; sometimes heralds myocardial infarction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preinterparietal bone
A large sutural bone occasionally found detached from the anterior portion of the os interparietale. ... Synonym: Goethe's bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Preisz
Hugo von, Hungarian bacteriologist, 1860-1940. ... See: Preisz-Nocard bacillus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Preisz-Nocard bacillus
Synonym for corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ... <bacteria> A species of gram-positive, asporogenous bacteria that was originally isolated from necrotic areas in the kidney of a sheep. It may cause ulcerative lymphangitis, abscesses, and other chronic purulent infections in sheep, horses, and other warm-blooded animals. Human disease may for …

prejudice
A preconceived judgment made without adequate evidence and not easily alterable by presentation of contrary evidence. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

prekallikrein
<chemical> A plasma protein which is the precursor of kallikrein. Plasma that is deficient in prekallikrein has been found to be abnormal in thromboplastin formation, kinin generation, evolution of a permeability globulin, and plasmin formation. The absence of prekallikrein in plasma leads to fletcher factor deficiency, a congenital disease.< …

prelacrimal
Anterior to the lacrimal sac. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prelamin A endoprotease
<enzyme> Catalyses conversion of 74-kD lamin a precursor to 72-kD lamin a; dependent on farnesylation ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

prelaminar part of optic nerve
<anatomy, nerve> The portion of the optic nerve anterior to the lamina cribrosa of the sclera. ... Synonym: pars prelaminaris nervi optici. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prelaryngeal
Anterior to the larynx; denoting especially one or two small lymphatic nodes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prelaryngeal lymph nodes
Lymph nodes of the anterior deep cervical group that lie in front of the larynx; they drain into the lateral deep lateral cervical nodes. ... Synonym: nodi lymphatici prelaryngeales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preleptonema
<cell biology> Rarely used term that designates an extra stage in the prophase of meiosis I. Usually lumped in with leptotene. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

preleptotene
The earliest stage of prophase in meiosis, characterised by physiochemical changes in cytoplasm and karyoplasm and beginning contraction of chromosomes. ... Origin: pre-+ leptotene, fr. G. Leptos, slender, + tainia, band ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preleukaemia
<haematology> A general term referring to some noncancerous blood disorders, such as myelodysplasia which carry an increased risk of the patient developing acute leukaemia. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (31 Dec 1997) ...

prelimbic
Anterior to the limbus of the fossa ovalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preliminary
Lying before: leading to: being at the threshold of. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

preliminary impression
Primary impression, in dentistry, one made for the purpose of diagnosis or the construction of a tray. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prelingual deafness
Hearing impairment occurring before development of speech and language skills. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preload
<cardiology, physiology> The tension in the heart muscle or chamber at the end of diastole, before the contraction. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

prelogical mind
prelogical thinking ...

premalignant
Synonym for precancerous ... <pathology> In a very early stage of cancer development and abnormal changes occur in tissue as a pre-determinant for possible future malignancy. ... (31 Dec 1997) ...

premammary abscess
An abscess in the subcutaneous tissue covering the mammary gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premaniacal
Preceding a manic attack. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premature
1. Occurring before the proper time. ... 2. <paediatrics> A premature infant. ... Origin: L. Praematurus = early ripe ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

premature beat
Synonym for extrasystole ... A premature contraction of the heart that is independent of the normal rhythm and arises in response to an impulse in some part of the heart other than the sinoatrial node. ... Synonym: premature beat. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

premature contact
Synonym for deflective occlusal contact ... A condition of tooth contact's which diverts the mandible from a normal path of closure to centric jaw relation. ... Synonym: cuspal interference, interceptive occlusal contact, premature contact. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premature contraction
Synonym for extrasystole ... A premature contraction of the heart that is independent of the normal rhythm and arises in response to an impulse in some part of the heart other than the sinoatrial node. ... Synonym: premature beat. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

premature contraction of the heart
When a single heartbeat occurs earlier than normal. This phenomenon can be within normal limits or represent a medically significant arrhythmia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

premature delivery
Birth of a foetus before its proper time. ... See: premature birth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premature labour
Onset of labour before the 37th completed week of pregnancy dated from the last normal menstrual period. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premature senility syndrome
Synonym for progeria ... <syndrome> Accelerated aging syndrome in which most of the characteristic stages of human senescence are compressed into less than a decade. Defect probably in DNA repair. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

premature systole
Synonym for extrasystole ... A premature contraction of the heart that is independent of the normal rhythm and arises in response to an impulse in some part of the heart other than the sinoatrial node. ... Synonym: premature beat. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

premature ventricular contraction
<cardiology> A cardiac arrhythmia which originates from within the ventricles. Isolated ventricular contractions are referred to as premature ventricular contractions. ... Frequent premature ventricular contractions can be potentially unstable and can degrade to a more serious rhythm or cardiac arrest. ... Acronym: PVC ... (31 Dec 1997) ...

premature ventricular contractions
Contractions of the lower chambers of the heart, the ventricles, which occur earlier than usual, because of abnormal electrical activity of the ventricles. The premature contraction is followed by a pause, as the heart electrical system resets itself and the contraction following the pause is usually more forceful than normal. These more forceful c …

prematurity
Historically, the definition of prematurity was 2500 grams (about 5 1/2 pounds) or less at birth. The current world health organisation definition of prematurity is a baby born before 37 weeks of gestation, counting from the first day of the last menstrual period (lmp). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

premaxillary bone
Synonym for os incisivum ... The anterior and inner portion of the maxilla, which in the foetus and sometimes in the adult is a separate bone; the incisive suture runs from the incisive canal between the lateral incisor and the canine tooth; according to K. Albrecht, the os incisivum is further divided by a suture between the two incisor teeth on ea …

premaxillary suture
Synonym for incisive suture ... Line of union of the two portions of the maxilla (pre-and postmaxilla); it is present at birth but may persist into old age. ... Synonym: sutura incisiva, premaxillary suture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premedication
<pharmacology, surgery> Preliminary medication, particularly internal medication to produce narcosis prior to inhalation anaesthesia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

premeiotic phase
The stage of nuclear changes in the sexual cells before the reduction of the chromosomes, embracing the cell generations up to that of the spermatogonia and oogonia. ... Synonym: prereduction phase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premelanosome
A nonpigmented membrane-bound vesicle in a melanocyte that contains tyrosine and matures into the melanin-filled melanosome; prominent in melanocytes of albinos. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premenopause
The physiological period preceding the climacteric, during which occurs the regression of ovarian function, up to the menopause, the permanent cessation of the menstrual life. Since in the united states the age of the menopause ranges between 48 and 55 years, the premenopause refers in general to middle-aged women. (best & taylor's physiologica …

premenstrual
<gynaecology, physiology> Occurring before menstruation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

premenstrual oedema
Synonym for menstrual oedema ... Retention of water and increase in weight, which occurs during or preceding menstruation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premenstrual salivary syndrome
<syndrome> Glandular abnormalities occurring prior to the onset of menses, including swelling of the breast tissues and enlargement of the salivary glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premenstrual syndrome
<syndrome> A combination of emotional, physical, psychological, and mood disturbances that occur after ovulation and normally end with the onset of the menstrual flow. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

premenstrual tension
Synonym for premenstrual syndrome ... <syndrome> A combination of emotional, physical, psychological, and mood disturbances that occur after ovulation and normally end with the onset of the menstrual flow. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

premenstrual tension syndrome
Synonym for premenstrual syndrome ... <syndrome> A combination of emotional, physical, psychological, and mood disturbances that occur after ovulation and normally end with the onset of the menstrual flow. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

premenstruum
The few days preceding menstruation. ... Origin: pre-+ L. Menstruum, ntr. Of menstruus, monthly, pertaining to menstruation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premise
Alternative forms:, less properly, premiss] [F. Premisse, fr. L. Praemissus, p. P. Of praemittere to send before; prae = before + mittere to send. See Mission. ... 1. A proposition antecedently supposed or proved; something previously stated or assumed as the basis of further argument; a condition; a supposition. 'The premises observed, Thy will by …

premitochondria
Synonym for promitochondria ... Mitochondrial precursors with little internal structure (e.g., no cristae) and no proteins of electron transport. ... Synonym: premitochondria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premitotic phase
Synonym for Gap2 period ... The period in the cell cycle when synthesis of DNA is completed but before mitosis begins. ... Synonym: Gap2 phase, premitotic phase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premolar tooth
A tooth usually having two tubercles or cusps on the grinding surface and a flattened root, single in the lower jaw and upper second premolar, and furrowed in the upper first premolar. There are four premolars in each jaw, two on either side between the canine and the molars; there are no premolars in the deciduous dentition. ... Synonym: dens premo …

premonocyte
An immature monocyte not normally seen in the circulating blood. ... Synonym: promonocyte. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premorbid
Preceding the occurrence of disease. ... Origin: pre-+ L. Morbidus, ill, fr. Morbus, disease ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premotor area
Synonym for premotor cortex ... A somewhat ill-defined term usually referring to the agranular cortex of Brodmann's area 6. ... Synonym: premotor area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premotor cortex
A somewhat ill-defined term usually referring to the agranular cortex of Brodmann's area 6. ... Synonym: premotor area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premotor syndrome
<syndrome> Hemiplegia with spasticity, Rossolimo's reflex, but not the Babinski sign, together with forced grasping and vasomotor disturbances. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premunition
A state of existing resistance of a host to infection or reinfection with a parasite; used especially in malaria epidemiology. ... Origin: L. Praemunitio, fortification in advance, fr. Prae-, + munio, to fortify ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premunitive
Relating to premunition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premyeloblast
The earliest recognizable precursor of the myeloblast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

premyelocyte
Synonym for promyelocyte ... <haematology> Cell of the bone marrow that derive from myeloblasts and will give rise to myelocytes, precursors of myeloid cells and neutrophil granulocytes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

prenalterol
<chemical> A partial adrenergic agonist with functional beta 1-receptor specificity and inotropic effect. It is effective in the treatment of acute cardiac failure, postmyocardial infarction low-output syndrome, shock, and reducing orthostatic hypotension in the shy-drager syndrome. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic beta-agonists, cardiot …

prenaris
Synonym for nostril ... 1. <anatomy> One of the external openings of the nose, which give passage to the air breathed and to secretions from the nose and eyes; one of the anterior nares. ... In sperm whales, porpoises, and allied animals, there is only one nostril, which is situated on the top of the head and called a spiracle. ... 2. Perception …

prenatal
<obstetrics> Existing or occurring before birth, with reference to the foetus. ... Origin: L. Natalis = natal ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

prenatal care
Care provided the pregnant woman in order to prevent complications, and decrease the incidence of maternal and prenatal mortality. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

prenatal diagnosis
Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the postimplantation embryo, foetus, or pregnant female before birth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

prenatal exposure delayed effects
Delayed effects on offspring of maternal or foetal prenatal exposure to drugs, radiation and other physical agents, manipulation, nutrition, stress, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

prenatal life
That interval of life between conception and birth; in humans, usually divided into embryonic and foetal periods. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prenatal screening
Screening for the detection of foetal disease, usually by ultrasound examination or by testing amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis. Other screening techniques include testing maternal serum and placental biopsy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prenazone
<chemical> 4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,2-diphenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione. A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. ... Pharmacological action: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. ... Chemic …

preneoplastic
Preceding the formation of any neoplasm, benign or malignant; a preneoplastic condition is not always precancerous, although the term is frequently used erroneously in that sense. ... Origin: pre-+ G. Neos, new, + plastikos, formative ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prenodular fissure
Synonym for posterolateral fissure ... The earliest fissure to appear in the development of the cerebellum; it separates the flocculus and nodulus from the uvula and tonsil. ... Synonym: fissura posterolateralis, prenodular fissure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Prentice
Charles F., U.S. Optician, 1854-1946. ... See: Prentice's rule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Prentice's rule
Each centimeter of decentration of a lens results in 1 prism diopter of deviation of light for each diopter of lens power. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prenyl
(CH3)2C==CH-CH2-; 3-Methyl-2-buten-1-yl;poly-or multiprenyl residues or derivatives thereof, apparently formed by end-to-end polymerization of isoprene molecules; found in the isoprenoids in nature. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prenylamine
<chemical> A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic agents, calcium channel blockers, vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: Benzenepropanamine, N-(1- …

prenylation
The covalent addition of prenyl and multiprenyl residues to a macromolecule. ... Synonym: isoprenylation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prenylcysteine lyase
<enzyme> A specific enzyme involved in prenylcysteine metabolism in mammalian cells; mw 63 kD ... Registry number: EC 4.4.1.- ... Synonym: pclase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

preoblongata
<anatomy> The anterior part of the medulla oblongata. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

preoccipital notch
An indentation in the ventrolateral border of the temporal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere. ... Synonym: incisura preoccipitalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preocular
<zoology> Placed just in front of the eyes, as the antennae of certain insects. Also one of the scales just in front of the eye of a reptile or fish. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

preoperative
<surgery> Preceding an operation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

preoperative care
Care given during the period prior to undergoing surgery when psychological and physical preparations are made according to the special needs of the individual patient. This period spans the time between admission to the hospital to the time the surgery begins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

preoperative record
In dentistry, any record made for the purpose of study or treatment planning. ... See: diagnostic cast. ... Synonym: preextraction record. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preopercular
<anatomy> Situated in front of the operculum; pertaining to the preoperculum. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

preoptic
Referring to the preoptic region. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preoptic area
Region of hypothalamus between the anterior commissure and optic chiasm. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

preoptic region
The most anterior part of the hypothalamus surrounding the anterior or preoptic part of the third ventricle and including the lamina terminalis; containing the lateral and medial preoptic nucleus continuous caudally with, respectively, the lateral and anterior hypothalamic nucleus; rostrally the preoptic region is continuous with the precommissural …

preoral gut
Synonym for Seessel's pocket ... The part of the embryonic foregut extending cephalad to the level of the oral plate and caudal to the pituitary diverticulum (Rathke's pouch). ... Synonym: preoral gut. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preosteoblast
Synonym for osteoprogenitor cell ... A mesenchymal cell that differentiates into an osteoblast. ... Synonym: preosteoblast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preoxygenation
Denitrogenation with 100% oxygen prior to induction of general anaesthesia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prepaid health plans
Contracts between an insurer and a subscriber or a group of subscribers whereby a specified set of health benefits is provided in return for a periodic premium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

prepalatal
Relating to the anterior part of the palate, or anterior to the palate bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prepapillary sphincter
A sphincter of duodenum described in the location oral to the major duodenal papilla. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

preparalytic
Before the appearance of paralysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...