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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


prevertebral layer
Synonym for prevertebral fascia ... The part of the cervical fascia which covers the bodies of the cervical vertebrae and the muscles attaching to them and to the anterior parts of their transverse processes. ... Synonym: lamina prevertebralis, prevertebral layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prevertebral lymph nodes
Lymph nodes posterior to the thoracic aorta. ... Synonym: nodi lymphatici prevertebrales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prevesical
Anterior to the bladder; denoting especially the retropubic space. ... Origin: pre-+ L. Vesica, bladder ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

previllous chorion
Synonym for primitive chorion ... The chorion before its villi are well formed. ... Synonym: previllous chorion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

previllous embryo
The embryo of a placental mammal prior to the formation of chorionic villi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

previus
Obstructing; denoting anything blocking the passages in childbirth. ... Origin: L. Prae, before, + via, way ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prevotella
A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, nonsporeforming, nonmotile rods. Organisms of this genus had originally been classified as members of the bacteroides genus but overwhelming biochemical and chemical findings in 1990 indicated the need to separate them from other bacteroides species, and hence, this new genus was established. ... (12 Dec 1998) …

Prevotella disiens
Synonym for Bacteroides disiens ... A species isolated from abdominal and urogenital infections, and from the mouth. ... Synonym: Prevotella disiens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prevotella intermedia
A species of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria originally classified within the bacteroides genus. This bacterium is a common commensal in the gingival crevice and is often isolated from cases of gingivitis and other purulent lesions related to the mouth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

prevotella melaninogenica
A species of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria originally classified within the bacteroides genus. This bacterium has been isolated from the mouth, urine, feces, and infections of the mouth, soft tissue, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, and intestinal tract. It is pathogenic, but usually in association with other kinds of organisms. …

Prevotella oralis
Synonym for Bacteroides oralis ... A species found in the gingival crevice area of man and in infections of the oral cavity and upper respiratory and genital tracts. ... Synonym: Prevotella oralis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Prevotella oris
Synonym for Bacteroides oris ... A species isloated from the gingival crevice, systemic infections, face, neck, and chest abscesses, wound drainages, and blood and various bodily fluids. ... Synonym: Prevotella oris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prezone
Synonym for prozone ... <immunology> Prozone phenomena occur in immunological reactions when the concentrations of antibody or other active immune agent are so high that the optimum concentration for maximal reaction with antigen is exceeded. Immunological phenomena in the prozone region may show partial or total inhibition. ... (18 Nov 1997)
prezygapophysis
<anatomy> An anterior zygapophysis. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

prezygonema
<cell biology> Rarely used term to designate an extra stage in the prophase of meiosis I. Usually lumped in with zygotene. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

PRF
<abbreviation> Prolactin-releasing factor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

PRH
<abbreviation> Prolactin-releasing hormone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

priapism
<urology> Persistent abnormal erection of the penis, usually without sexual desire and accompanied by pain and tenderness. It is seen in diseases and injuries of the spinal cord and may be caused by vesical calculus and certain injuries to the penis. ... Origin: L. Priapismus, Gr. Priapismos ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

priapulacea
<zoology> A suborder of Gephyraea, having a cylindrical body with a terminal anal opening, and usually with one or two caudal gills. ... See: priapism. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

priapus
Synonym: penis. ... Origin: L. Fr. Priapus (G. Priapos), god of procreation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pribnow
David, 20th-century U.S. Molecular biologist. ... See: Pribnow box. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pribnow box
Synonym for promoter ... <molecular biology> A region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds before initiating the transcription of DNA into RNA. ... The nucleotide at which transcription starts is designated +1 and nucleotides are numbered from this with negative numbers indicating upstream nucleotides and positive downstream nucleotides. ... mos …

Price
Ernest Arthur, English biochemist, *1882. ... See: Carr-Price reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

price lists
Lists giving the prices of items for sale, including drugs, equipment, books, etc. Price lists are less detailed than catalogs and not as long. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Price-Jones
Cecil, English haematologist, 1863-1943. ... See: Price-Jones curve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Price-Jones curve
A distribution curve of the measured diameters of red blood cells; it is to the right of the normal curve (i.e., indicating larger diameters) in instances of pernicious anaemia and other forms in which macrocytes are present, and to the left (i.e., indicating smaller diameters) in iron deficiency and other forms of microcytic anaemia. ... (05 Mar 20 …

prick
1. To be punctured; to suffer or feel a sharp pain, as by puncture; as, a sore finger pricks. ... 2. To spur onward; to ride on horseback. 'A gentle knight was pricking on the plain.' (Spenser) ... 3. To become sharp or acid; to turn sour, as wine. ... 4. To aim at a point or mark. ... 1. That which pricks, penetrates, or punctures; a sharp and slender …

pricker
1. One who, or that which, pricks; a pointed instrument; a sharp point; a prickle. ... 2. One who spurs forward; a light horseman. 'The prickers, who rode foremost, . . . Halted.' (Sir W. Scott) ... 3. A priming wire; a priming needle, used in blasting and gunnery. ... 4. A small marline spike having generally a wooden handle, used in sailmaking. ... S …

pricking
1. The act of piercing or puncturing with a sharp point. 'There is that speaketh like the prickings of a sword.' ... 2. <veterinary> The driving of a nail into a horse's foot so as to produce lameness. Same as Nicking. ... 3. A sensation of being pricked. ... 4. The mark or trace left by a hare's foot; a prick; also, the act of tracing a hare by …

prickle
<plant biology> A hard, pointed outgrowth from the surface of a plant, involving several layers of cells but not containing a vein. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

prickle cell
<cell biology> Large flattened polygonal cells of the stratum germinosum of the epidermis (just above the basal stem cells), that appear in the light microscope to have fine spines projecting from their surfaces, these terminate in desmosomes that link the cells together and have many tonofilaments of cytokeratin within them. ... (05 Mar 1998) …

prickle cell layer
Synonym for stratum spinosum epidermidis ... The layer of polyhedral cells in the epidermis; shrinkage artifacts and adhesion of these cells at their desmosomal junctions gives a spiny or prickly appearance. ... Synonym: prickle cell layer, spinous layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prickly
Full of sharp points or prickles; armed or covered with prickles; as, a prickly shrub. ... <botany> Prickly ash, any one of several species of South American burrowing rodents belonging to Ctenomys and allied genera. The hair is usually intermingled with sharp spines. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

prickly heat
Synonym for miliaria rubra ... An eruption of papules and vesicles at the orifices of sweat glands, accompanied by redness and inflammatory reaction of the skin. ... Synonym: heat rash, lichen infantum, lichen strophulosus, prickly heat, strophulus, summer rash, tropical lichen, lichen tropicus, wildfire rash. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prickmadam
<botany> A name given to several species of stonecrop, used as ingredients of vermifuge medicines. ... See: stonecrop. ... Origin: F. Trique-madame. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

pride
<zoology> A small European lamprey (Petromyzon branchialis). ... Synonym: prid, and sandpiper. ... Origin: Cf. AS. Lamprede, LL. Lampreda, E. Lamprey. ... 1. The quality or state of being proud; inordinate self-esteem; an unreasonable conceit of one's own superiority in talents, beauty, wealth, rank, etc, which manifests itself in lofty airs, di …

priest
1. A presbyter; one who belongs to the intermediate order between bishop and deacon. He is authorised to perform all ministerial services except those of ordination and confirmation. ... 2. One who officiates at the altar, or performs the rites of sacrifice; one who acts as a mediator between men and the divinity or the gods in any form of religion; …

Priestley
John Gillies, British physiologist, 1880-1941. ... See: Haldane-Priestley sample. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prilocaine
<chemical> A local anaesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to lidocaine. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anaesthesia in dentistry. ... Pharmacological action: anaesthetics, local. ... Chemical name: Propanamide, N-(2-methylphenyl)-2-(propylamino)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

prilocaine hydrochloride
2-(propylamino)-o-propionotoluidide hydrochloride;a local anaesthetic of the amide type, related chemically and pharmacologically to lidocaine hydrochloride; used for peridural, caudal, and nerve blocks, and for regional and infiltration anaesthesia. ... Synonym: propitocaine hydrochloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primacy
The state of being primary, or foremost in rank or importance. ... Origin: see primary ... Genital primacy, in psychoanalysis, the primary characteristic of the genital phase of psychosexual development, i.e., the libido becomes preponderantly concentrated in the penis. ... Oral primacy, in psychoanalysis, the primary characteristic of the oral phase …

primal
1. First or primary. ... Synonym: primordial. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primal repression
Repression of material never in conscious thought. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primal scene
In psychoanalysis, the actual or fantasied observation by a child of sexual intercourse, particularly between the parents. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primaquine
<drug> An 8 aminoquinoline drug used to treat malaria. Affects the mitochondria of the exo erythrocytic stages (see Plasmodium), but the mechanism is not understood. The most effective drug at preventing spread of all four speciesof human malaria. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

primaquine phosphate
8-[(4-Amino-1-methylbutyl)amino]-6-methoxyquinoline phosphate (1:2);an antimalarial agent especially effective against Plasmodium vivax, terminating relapsing vivax malaria; usually administered with chloroquine. ... Primaquine phosphate sensitivity, a sensitivity to primaquine phosphate observed in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase …

primaquine sensitivity
Nonimmunological inborn sensitivity to primaquine, causing haemolysis on exposure to the drug, due to deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in red cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary
Principal, primus, the first, first in order or in time of development, principal. ... Origin: L. Primarius ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

primary adhesion
Synonym for healing by first intention ... Healing by fibrous adhesion, without suppuration or granulation tissue formation. ... Synonym: primary adhesion, primary union. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary aerodontalgia
Dental pain associated with expansion of trapped gases within a tooth, as under a filling or in an infected pulp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary alcohol
An alcohol characterised by the univalent radical, -CH2OH. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary aldosteronism
An adrenocortical disorder caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone and characterised by headaches, nocturia, polyuria, fatigue, hypertension, potassium depletion, hypokalaemic alkalosis, hypervolaemia, and decreased plasma renin activity; may be associated with small benign adrenocortical adenomas. ... Synonym: Conn's syndrome, idiopathic aldos …

primary amenorrhoea
Amenorrhoea in which the menses have never occurred. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
An invasive, rapidly fatal cerebral infection by soil amoebae, chiefly Naegleria fowleri, found in man and other primates and experimentally in rodents; the disease is characterised by a high fever, neck rigidity, and symptoms associated with upper respiratory infection such as cough and nausea; although organisms have been cultured from various or …

primary amputation
Synonym for intermediate amputation ... An amputation formerly performed during the period between trauma or incipient gangrene and suppuration. ... Synonym: intrapyretic amputation, primary amputation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary amyloidosis
<immunology, nephrology> A disease which is characterised by the deposition of the fibrous protein amyloid in one or more locations within the body. ... Amyloid deposition may occur in the kidney, brain, liver, heart, skin and lungs. A recognised complication is a restrictive cardiomyopathy. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

primary anaesthetic
The compound that contributes most to loss of sensation when a mixture of anaesthetics is administered. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary antibody response
<immunology> Antibodies made upon first exposure to an antigen, mostly of the class IgM. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

primary atelectasis
<chest medicine, paediatrics> A nonexpansion of the lungs after birth is known as primary atelectasis. ... Secondary atelectasis can occur at any age but is common in infants due to hyaline membrane disease. This form may also be seen in patients after surgery (general anaesthesia). ... See: atelectasis. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

primary atypical pneumonia
An acute systemic disease with involvement of the lungs, caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and marked by high fever, cough, relatively few physical signs, and scattered densities on X-rays; usually associated with development of cold agglutinins and antibodies to the bacteria. ... Synonym: atypical pneumonia, Eaton agent pneumonia, mycoplasmal pneumon …

primary biliary cirrhosis
<gastroenterology> A rare form of liver disease which results in the irreversible destruction of the liver and bile ducts. The cause is unknown, but is thought to be an autoimmune mechanism. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

primary brain tumour
<neurology, oncology> May be subdivided into primary brain tumours and the more common, secondary brain tumours. ... Primary brain tumours (for example astrocytoma, craniopharyngioma, glioma, ependymoma, neuroglioma, oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma multiforme, meningioma, medulloblastoma) arise from the uncontrolled proliferation of cells with …

primary brain vesicle
Synonym for cerebral vesicle ... Each of the three divisions of the early embryonic brain (prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon). ... Synonym: encephalic vesicle, primary brain vesicle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary bronchus
The main bronchus arising at the tracheal bifurcation and extending into the developing lung of the embryo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary butyl alcohol
Propylcarbinol, CH3CH2CH2CH2OH, the butyl alcohol of fermentation; isobutyl alcohol, isopropylcarbinol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, (CH3)2CHCH2OH; narcotic in high concentrations, secondary butyl alcohol, ethylmethylcarbinol, 2-butanol, CH3CH2CH(CH3)OH; and ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary carcinoma
<tumour> Carcinoma at the site of origin, with local invasion in that organ. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy of unknown or obscure cause. ... A disease that affects mainly the heart muscle, sparing other cardiac structures and usually resulting in fibrosis, hypertrophy, or both. ... Synonym: idiopathic cardiomyopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary care
The medical home for a patient, ideally providing continuity and integration of health care. All family physicians and most paediatricians and internists are in primary care. The aims of primary care are to provide the patient with a broad spectrum of care, both preventive and curative, over a period of time and to coordinate all of the care the pa …

primary caries
Initial lesions produced by direct extension from an external surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary cell
<cell biology> A cell or cell line taken directly from a living organism, which is not immortalised. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

primary cell culture
<cell culture> Of animal cells, the cells taken from a tissue source and their progeny grown in culture before subdivision and transfer to a sub culture. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

primary cell wall
<plant biology> A plant cell wall that is still able to expand, permitting cell growth. ... Growth is normally prevented when a secondary wall has formed. Primary cell walls contain more pectin than secondary walls and no lignin is present until a secondary wall has formed on top of them. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

primary cementum
Cementum that has no cementocytes; may cover the entire root of the tooth, but often is missing on the apical third of the root. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary centre of ossification
This is the first site where bone begins to form in the shaft of a long bone or in the body of an irregular bone. ... Synonym: punctum ossificationis primarium, primary point of ossification. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary choana
Primitive choana, initial opening of the nasal pits and olfactory sac of the embryo into the rostral part of the primordial oronasal cavity, before the formation of the secondary palate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary coccidioidomycosis
A disease common in the San Joaquin Valley of California and certain additional areas in the southwestern U.S. As well as the Chaco region of Argentina, caused by inhalation of the arthroconidia of Coccidioides immitis; acute onset of symptoms resemble pneumonia or pulmonary tuberculosis, productive of sputum usually containing spores of the fungus …

primary colour
The three colour's of the retinal cone pigments (red, green, blue) that may be combined to match any hue. ... Synonym: simple colour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary complex
The typical lesions of primary pulmonary tuberculosis, consisting of a small peripheral focus of infection, with hilar or paratracheal lymph node involvement. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary constriction
The narrowing between the two arms of the chromosome represented by the centromere. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary dental lamina
dental ledge ...

primary dentin
Dentin which forms until the root is completed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary dentition
The set of 20 first (deciduous) teeth. The primary dentition is as opposed to the secondary (permanent) dentition. at birth, both sets of dentition are evident by X-ray. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

primary deviation
The ocular deviation seen in paralysis of an ocular muscle when the nonparalysed eye is used for fixation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary digestion
Digestion in the alimentary tract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary disease
A disease that arises spontaneously and is not associated with or caused by a previous disease, injury, or event, but which may lead to a secondary disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary dried yeast
A source of dried yeast; obtained from suitable strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in media other than those required for the production of beer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary drives
Synonym for physiological drives ... Those drives such as hunger and thirst which stem from the biological needs of an organism. ... Synonym: primary drives. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary dysmenorrhoea
<gynaecology> Painful menses due to a functional disturbance and not due to organic factors such as growths, inflammation or anatomy. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

primary egg membrane
See: egg membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary embryonic cell
In a very young embryo, a cell still capable of differentiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary energy
<radiobiology> Energy before conversion. For instance, the United States uses about 30,000 megajoules of electricity per capita per year, but electricity is generally obtained by converting other forms of energy (primarily chemical/heat) at an efficiency of around 30%, so the U.S. Consumes 90,000 megajoules of primary energy per capita for el …

primary erythroblastic anaemia
Synonym for thalassaemia major ... The dire disease also known as beta thalassaemia. The clinical picture of this form of anaemia was first described in 1925 by the paediatrician thomas benton cooley. Other names for the disease are cooley's anaemia and mediterranean anaemia. The term thalassaemia was coined by the nobel prise winning pathologist ge …

primary fissure of cerebellum
The deepest fissure of the cerebellum; demarcates the division of anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum; second to appear embryologically. ... Synonym: fissura prima cerebelli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary gain
Interpersonal, social, or financial advantages from the conversion of emotional stress directly into demonstrably organic illnesses (e.g., hysterical blindness or paralysis). ... Compare: secondary gain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary generalised epilepsy
Epilepsy without evidence of focal or multifocal central nervous system disease. Seizures are generalised from onset, both by EEG and clinical criteria. Often a pure genetic form of epilepsy. ... See: generalised tonic-clonic seizure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary gout
Synonym for idiopathic gout ... Acute episodes of crystal-induced synovitis due to abnormality of purine metabolism; lower than normal urinary excretion of urate leading to hyperuricaemia and acute episodes of joint inflammation. ... Synonym: primary gout. ... Interval gout, an asymptomatic phase between acute attacks of gout. ... Latent gout, hyperuri …

primary haemorrhage
Haemorrhage immediately after an injury or operation, as distinguished from intermediate or secondary haemorrhage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary health care
Care which provides integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. (jama 1995;273(3):192) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

primary herpetic stomatitis
First infection of oral tissues with herpes simplex virus; characterised by gingival inflammation, vesicles, and ulcers. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

primary HIV infection
<infectious disease> The flu-like syndrome that oc immediately after a person contracts HIV. This mini infection precedes seroconversion and is characterised fever, sore throat, headache, skin rash and swollen glands. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...