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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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proteinoidsArtificially synthesised heteropoly(amino acids). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proteinoplastForm of plastid adapted as a protein storage organelle, the protein may be crystalline. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
proteinosisA state characterised by disordered protein formation and distribution, particularly as manifested by the deposition of abnormal proteins in tissues. ... Origin: protein + G. -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proteinsNitrogenous organic compounds, containing more than about 100 amino acid residues, molecular weight 8,000-200,000, in vegetable and animal matter. Proteins yield amino acids on hydrolysis and are foods assimilated as amino acids and reconstructed in the protoplasm. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
proteinuriaToo much protein in the urine. This may be a sign of kidney damage. ... Origin: Gr. Ouron = urine ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
protensityThe time attribute of a mental process; the attribute of a mental process characterised by its temporality or movement forward in time. ... Origin: L. Protendo (-tensum), to extend ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proteo-Protein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proteochondroitin sulfatesProteoglycans found in cartilage. They consist of several chondroitin sulfate molecules linked to protein(s) by neutral sugar linkage regions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
proteoclasticSynonym: proteolytic. ... Origin: proteo-+ G. Klastos, broken ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proteogenicCapable of producing proteins. ... Synonym: proteinogenic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proteoglycan<protein> A high molecular weight complex of protein and polysaccharide, characteristic of structural tissues of vertebrates, such as bone and cartilage, but also present on cell surfaces. Important in determining viscoelastic properties of joints and other structures subject to mechanical deformation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), the polysacch …
proteoglycan ISynonym for biglycan ... A small proteoglycan, 150-240 kD, of the extracellular matrix. The core protein has a mass of _42 kD and is very similar to the core protein of decorin and fibromodulin. All three have highly conserved sequences containing 10 internal homologous repeats of _ 25 amino acids with leucine rich motifs. Biglycan has two glycosami …
proteoglycanase<enzyme> Metal-dependent; acts at neutral pH; degrades the protein core without acting on carbohydrate side chains ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
proteoglycansGlycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Proteoheparan sulphate<protein> Obsolete term for hydrophobic Integral membrane proteins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
proteohormoneAn obsolete term for a hormone possessing a protein structure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proteolipid protein<protein> Highly conserved membrane protein (30 kD) in myelin. Cellular function obscure but mutations lethal for example jimpy mouse and Pelizaeus Merzbacher disease of man. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
proteolipidsProtein-lipid combinations abundant in brain tissue, but also present in a wide variety of animal and plant tissues. In contrast to lipoproteins, they are insoluble in water, but soluble in a chloroform-methanol mixture. The protein moiety has a high content of hydrophobic amino acids. The associated lipids consist of a mixture of phosphoglycerides …
proteolysis<cell biology> Cleavage of proteins by proteases. Limited proteolysis occurs where proteins are functionally modified (activated in the case of zymogens) by highly specific proteases. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
proteolytic1. Pertaining to, characterised by or promoting proteolysis. ... 2. An enzyme that promotes proteolysis (= the splitting of proteins by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds with formation of smaller polypeptides). ... Origin: Gr. Lysis = dissolution ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
proteolytic enzyme<enzyme> See protease or peptidase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
proteometabolicRelating to the metabolism of proteins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proteometabolismSynonym for protein metabolism ... Decomposition and synthesis of protein in the tissues. ... Synonym: proteometabolism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ProteomyxidiaFormer name for Eumycetozoea. ... Origin: Proteus + G. Myxa, mucus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proteopecticProteopexic ... Relating to proteopexis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proteopepsisThe digestion of protein. ... Origin: proteo-+ G. Pepsis, digestion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proteopexisThe fixation of protein in the tissues. ... Origin: proteo-+ G. Pexis, fixation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proteoseA nondescript mixture of intermediate products of proteolysis between protein and peptone. ... Primary proteose, the first result of hydrolysis of metaprotein; two stages, protoproteose and heteroproteose, have been distinguished. ... Secondary proteose, proteose derived from primary proteose by further hydrolysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protestantOne who protests; originally applied to those who adhered to Luther, and protested against, or made a solemn declaration of dissent from, a decree of the Emperor Charles V. And the Diet of Spires, in 1529, against the Reformers, and appealed to a general council; now used in a popular sense to designate any Christian who does not belong to the Roma …
Proteus1. <bacteria> Genus of highly motile gram-negative bacteria. They are found largely in soil but are also found in the intestine of humans. They are opportunistic pathogens, Proteus mirabilis is a major cause of urinary tract infections. ... 2. <zoology> An urodele amphibian. It is a cave dweller and is blind, has external gills and lacks …
Proteus inconstansA species found in urinary tract infections and in sporadic cases of diarrhoea in man; some strains cause gastroenteritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proteus infectionsInfections with bacteria of the genus proteus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
proteus mirabilisA species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that is frequently isolated from clinical specimens. Its most common site of infection is the urinary tract. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Proteus morganiiA species found in the intestinal canal and in normal and diarrhoeal stools. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Proteus rettgeriSynonym for Providencia rettgeri ... Species that is found in chicken cholera and human gastroenteritis. ... Synonym: Proteus rettgeri. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proteus syndrome<syndrome> A disturbance of cell growth including benign tumours under the skin, overgrowth of the body, often more on one side than the other (hemihypertrophy), and overgrowth of fingers (macrodactyly). The syndrome is named after the greek god proteus the polymorphous who could change his appearance. The elephant man (john merrick) of 19th …
proteus vulgarisA species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in soil, faecal matter, and sewage. It is an opportunistic pathogen and causes cystitis and pyelonephritis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
prothallusA gametophyte body, especially in ferns and related plants. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
prothionamide<chemical> 2-propylthioisonicotinamide. Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ethionamide. It is used mostly in combination with other agents. ... Pharmacological action: antitubercular agents. ... Chemical name: 4-Pyridinecarbothioamide, 2-propyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
prothipendyl10-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-10H-pyrido-[3,2-b][1,4]benzothiazine;an antipsychotic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prothoracic glandsSynonym for ecdysial gland ... <entomology> Insect structures that originate from the ectoderm of the ventrocaudal part of the head and serve as a source of ecdysone. ... Synonym: peritracheal glands, prothoracic glands, thoracic glands, ventral glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prothrobinA coagulation factor needed for the normal clotting of blood. In the cascade of events leading to the final clot, prothrombin precedes thrombin (and so is a precursor to thrombin). Also called thrombinogen. Prothrombin time: a clotting test, a test done to test the integrity of part of the clotting scheme. Familiarly called the pro time, the test i …
prothrombaseSee: factor X. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prothrombinClotting Factor II. ... Origin: Gr. Thrombos = cloth in ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
prothrombin acceleratorSynonym for factor v ... <chemical> Heat- and storage-labile plasma glycoprotein which accelerates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in blood coagulation. Factor v accomplishes this by forming a complex with factor xa, phospholipid, and calcium (prothrombinase complex). Deficiency of factor v leads to owren's disease. ... Chemical name: …
prothrombin and proconvertin testA test formerly used by some to control anticoagulant therapy with bishydroxycoumarin and indandione drugs. ... Synonym: P and P test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prothrombin deficiencyA congenital or acquired disorder of blood clotting where there is a deficiency of factor II (prothrombin), one of 20 necessary plasma proteins for normal blood coagulation. Acquired factor II deficiency may result from vitamin K deficiency, severe liver disease and anticoagulant drugs. ... Symptoms include abnormal bleeding, nosebleeds, abnormal me …
prothrombin testA quantitative test for prothrombin in the blood based on the clotting time of oxalated blood plasma in the presence of thromboplastin and calcium chloride; measures the integrity of the extrinsic and common pathways of coagulation. ... See: prothrombin time. ... Synonym: Quick's method, Quick's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
prothrombin timeMeasurement of clotting time of plasma recalcified in the presence of excess tissue thromboplastin. Factors measured are fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factors v, vii, and x. It is used for monitoring anticoagulant therapy with coumarins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
prothrombinaseSynonym for factor x ... <chemical> Storage-stable glycoprotein blood coagulation factor that can be activated to factor xa by both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. A deficiency of factor x, sometimes called stuart-prower factor deficiency, may lead to a systemic coagulation disorder. ... Chemical name: Blood-coagulation factor X ... (12 De …
prothrombinogenSynonym for factor vii ... <chemical> Heat- and storage-stable plasma protein that is activated by tissue thromboplastin to form factor viia in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. The activated form then catalyses the activation of factor x to factor xa. ... Chemical name: Blood-coagulation factor VII ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
prothrombinopeniaSynonym for hypoprothrombinaemia ... <haematology> A congenital or acquired disorder of blood clotting where there is a deficiency of factor II (prothrombin), one of 20 necessary plasma proteins for normal blood coagulation. Acquired factor II deficiency may result from vitamin K deficiency, severe liver disease and anticoagulant drugs. ... Sym …
prothrombokinasefactor V, factor VIII ...
prothyalosoma<cell biology> The investing portion, or spherical envelope, surrounding the eccentric germinal spot of the germinal vesicle. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...
prothymiaRarely used term for mental alertness. ... Origin: G. Eagerness, fr. Pro, before, + thymos, mind ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protideAn obsolete term for protein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protirelin<chemical> A tripeptide hormone that originates in the hypothalamus and stimulates the secretion of thyrotropin from the pituitary gland. In humans, it also acts as a prolactin-releasing factor. It is also a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. ... Chemical name: L-Prolinamide, 5-oxo-L-prolyl-L-histidyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
protistA member of the Protista. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
Protista<biology> The kingdom of eukaryotic unicellular organisms. It includes the Protozoa, unicellular eukaryotic algae and some fungi (myxomycetes, acrasiales and oomycetes). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
protistologistAn obsolete term for microbiologist. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protistologyAn obsolete term for microbiology. ... Origin: G. Protistos, first, + logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protiumSynonym for hydrogen-1 ... The common hydrogen-1 isotope, making up 99.985% of the hydrogen-1 atoms occurring in nature. ... Synonym: protium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
proto-1. <prefix> A combining form prefix signifying first, primary, primordial; as, protomartyr, the first martyr; protomorphic, primitive in form; protoplast, a primordial organism; prototype, protozoan. ... 2. <chemistry> Denoting the first or lowest of a series, or the one having the smallest amount of the element to the name of which it i …
proto-oncogene<molecular biology> The normal, cellular equivalent of an oncogene, thus usually a gene involved in the signalling or regulation of cell growth. In general, cellular proto-oncogenes are prefixed with a c, rather than their abnormal viral counterparts, that are prefixed with a v, for example c myc and v myc. ... They are fragments of DNA, relat …
proto-oncogene protein p21(ras)Cellular protein encoded by the c-ras genes. The protein has GTPase activity and is involved in transmembrane signal transduction as a guanine nucleotide binding protein. Elevated levels of p21 c-ras have been associated with neoplasia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
proto-oncogene protein pp60(c-src)<enzyme> Membrane-associated tyrosine-specific kinase encoded by the c-src genes. It has an important role in cellular growth control. Truncation of carboxy-terminal residues in pp60(c-src) leads to pp60(v-src) which has the ability to transform cells. This kinase pp60 c-src should not be confused with csk, also known as c-src kinase. ... Regi …
proto-oncogene proteinsProducts of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
proto-oncogene proteins c-ablMembrane proteins encoded by the c-abl genes. They exhibit tyrosine kinase activity and play a role in normal haematopoiesis especially of the myeloid lineage. Oncogenic transformation of c-abl arises when specific n-terminal amino acids are deleted, releasing the kinase from negative regulation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
proto-oncogene proteins c-bcl-2Membrane proteins encoded by the bcl-2 genes and serving as a potent inhibitor of cell death by apoptosis. The proteins are found on mitochondrial, microsomal, and nuclear membrane sites within many cell types. Overexpression of bcl-2 proteins, due to a translocation of the gene, is associated with follicular lymphoma. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
proto-oncogene proteins c-erbb-2Cellular proteins in the epidermal growth factor receptor family encoded by the c-erbb genes. These proteins are overexpressed in a significant portion of adenocarcinomas found at various sites, especially in the breast. Gene amplification appears to be the predominant method leading to overexpression. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
proto-oncogene proteins c-fosCellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-fos genes (genes, fos). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. C-fos combines with c-jun (proto-oncogene proteins c-jun) to form a c-fos/c-jun heterodimer (transcription factor ap-1) that binds to the tre (tpa-responsive element) in promoters of certain genes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
proto-oncogene proteins c-junCellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-jun genes (genes, jun). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. There appear to be three distinct functions: dimerization (with c-fos), DNA-binding, and transcriptional activation. Oncogenic transformation can take place by constitutive expression of c-jun. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
proto-oncogene proteins c-kitTyrosine kinase membrane receptors which are the natural ligands for mast cell growth factor (steel factor). This interaction is crucial for the development of haematopoietic, gonadal, and pigment stem cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
proto-oncogene proteins c-met<enzyme> A transmembrane tyrosine kinase that is the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (scatter factor). It consists of an extracellular alpha chain which is disulfide linked to the transmembrane beta chain. The cytoplasmic portion contains the catalytic domain and critical sites for the regulation of kinase activity. ... Registry number: …
proto-oncogene proteins c-mosCellular proteins encoded by the c-mos genes (genes, mos). They function in the cell cycle to maintain maturation-promoting factor in the active state and have protein-serine/threonine kinase activity. Oncogenic transformation can take place when c-mos proteins are expressed at the wrong time. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
proto-oncogene proteins c-mycCellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-myc genes. They are normally involved in nucleic acid metabolism and in mediating the cellular response to growth factors. Elevated and deregulated (constitutive) expression of c-myc proteins can cause tumourigenesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
proto-oncogene proteins c-raf<enzyme> A class of serine-threonine kinases involved in cellular signal transduction. Included in this class are the proto-oncogene proteins mil and raf. Raf is a component of a signal transduction pathway leading to increased gene expression through the c-jun DNA binding site, ap1. ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
proto-oncogenesNormal cellular genes homologous to viral oncogenes. The products of proto-oncogenes are important regulators of biological processes and appear to be involved in the events that serve to maintain the ordered procession through the cell cycle. Proto-oncogenes have names of the form c-onc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
protoactiniumSynonym for protactinium ... <chemical> Protactinium. A radioactive element of the actinide group of metals. It has the atomic symbol pa, atomic number 91, and atomic weight 231. It decays by alpha-emission. ... Chemical name: Protactinium ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
protoalbumoseSynonym for protalbumose ... Intermediate products of protein digestion, derived from hemialbumose; soluble in water and not coagulable by heat, but precipitated by ammonium sulfate, cupric sulfate, and sodium chloride. ... Synonym: protoalbumose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protoalkaloidA biogenic amine serving as a precursor of an alkaloid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protobeF. D'Herelle's term for bacteriophage. ... Origin: proto-+ G. Bios, life ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protobiologySynonym for bacteriophagology ... The study of bacteriophages. ... Synonym: protobiology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase<enzyme> From bacillus macerans; catalyses the conversion of protocatechuate to alpha-hydroxy-delta-carboxymuconic semialdehyde in the presence of oxygen ... Registry number: EC 1.13.11.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
protocatechuate-3,4-dioxygenase<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of protocatechuate to 3-carboxy-cis-cis-muconate in the presence of molecular oxygen. It contains ferric ion. ... Chemical name: Protocatechuate:oxygen 3,4-oxidoreductase (decyclizing) ... Registry number: EC 1.13.11.3 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
protocatechuic acid3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid; 4-carboxycatechol;oxidation product of epinephrine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protochlorophyllide<plant biology> Precursor of chlorophyll, found in proplastids and etioplasts. Lacks the phytol side chain of chlorophyll. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
protochordal knotSynonym for primitive node ... A local thickening of the blastoderm at the cephalic end of the primitive streak of the embryo. ... Synonym: Hensen's knot, Hensen's node, Hubrecht's protochordal knot, primitive knot, protochordal knot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protocolA formula, a treatment recipe. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...
protoconeThe mesiolingual cusp of an upper molar tooth in a mammal. ... Origin: proto-+ G. Konos, cone ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protoconidThe mesiolingual cusp of a lower molar tooth in a mammal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protocoproporphyriaEnhanced faecal excretion of proto-and coproporphyrins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protocoproporphyria hereditariaSynonym for variegate porphyria ... Porphyria characterised by abdominal pain and neuropsychiatric abnormalities, by dermal sensitivity to light and mechanical trauma, by increased faecal excretion of proto-and coproporphyrin, and by increased urinary excretion of d-aminolevulinic acid, porphobilinogen, and porphyrins; due to a deficiency of protopo …
ProtoctistaA kingdom of eukaryotes incorporating the algae and the protozoans that comprise the presumed ancestral stocks of the fungi, plant, and animal kingdoms; they lack the developmental pattern stemming from a blastula, typical of animals, the pattern of embryo development typical of plants, and development from spores as in the fungi. Included in Proto …
protodermThe undifferentiated cells of very young embryos, from which the primary germ layers will evolve. ... Origin: proto-+ G. Derma, skin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protodiastolicEarly diastolic, relating to the beginning of cardiac diastole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protoduodenumThe first part of the duodenum which extends from the gastroduodenal pylorus as far as the major duodenal papilla and develops from the caudal foregut of the embryo; it has no plicae circulares and is the seat of the duodenal glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protoerythrocyteA primitive erythroblast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
protofilament<cell biology> One way of viewing microtubule structure is to consider it to be built of (usually) 13 protofilaments arranged in parallel. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
protogenSynonym for lipoic acid ... <biochemistry> 1,2 dithiolane 3 valeric acid. Regarded as a coenzyme in the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex of the citric acid cycle. Involved generally in oxidative decarboxylations of _ keto acids. A growth factor for some organisms. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
