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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

protogonoplasm
A differentiated mass of cytoplasm in a protozoan, which forms the substance of later developing reproductive bodies. ... Origin: proto-+ G. Gonos, seed, + plasma, a thing formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protogynous
Having the female sex organs maturing before the male, of a flower, shedding the pollen after the stigma has ceased to be receptive. ... Compare: protandrous. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

protogyny
In plants, the development of the female organs before the appearance of the corresponding male products - thus inhibiting self-fertilization. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

protokylol hydrochloride
Alpha-[(alpha-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyphenethylamino)methyl]protocatechuyl alcohol hydrochloride;a derivative of isoproterenol with the selective beta-receptor-stimulating activity of the parent compound; it is effective orally and is more stable in the body than isoproterenol; used as a bronchodilator in the treatment of bronchial asthma and stat …

protoleukocyte
A primitive leukocyte; a leukocyte of the bone marrow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protolignin
<plant biology> An immature form of lignin that can be extracted from the plant cell wall with ethanol or dioxane. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

protolysate
Rarely used term for a protein hydrolysate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protolysosome
<cell biology> Primary lysosome that has not been involved in fusion with another vesicle or in digestive activity. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

protomer
<cell biology> Subunits from which a larger structure is built. Thus the tubulin heterodimer is the protomer for microtubule assembly, G actin the protomer for F actin. Because it avoids the difficulty that arises with, for example: dimers that serve as sub units for assembly, it is a useful term that deserves wider currency. ... (18 Nov 1997) …

protometrocyte
The ancestor cell of the protoleukocyte and protoerythrocyte, or of the cells of the leukocytic and erythrocytic series. ... Origin: proto-+ G. Meter, mother, + kytos, cell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

proton
<physics> An elementary atomic particle with a positive charge and a mass of about 1 amu. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

proton acceptor
<chemistry> A base, an anionic substance that acceptsa proton during an acid-basereaction. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

proton ATPase
<enzyme> An ion pump that actively transports hydrogen ions across lipid bilayers in exchange for ATP. ... Major groups are the F-type ATPases, that run in reverse to synthesise ATP in bacterial, mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes (ATP synthase) and the V-type ATPases found in intracellular vesicles with an acidic lumen and on certain epi …

proton donor
<chemistry> An acid, a susbstance that donates protons in an acid-base reduction reaction. ... (10 Jan 1998) ...

proton pump
Integral membrane proteins that transport protons across a membrane against a concentration gradient. This transport is driven by hydrolysis of ATP by hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

proton pump inhibitor
<pharmacology> A group of anti-ulcer medications which work by binding to H+/K+ ATPase, an enzyme which is found on the secretory surface of parietal cells. It thereby inhibits the final transport of hydrogen ions (via exchange with potasium) into the gastric lumen. ... Examples of proton pump inhibitors include omeprazole and lansoprazole. …

proton-motive force
Energy that is generated by the transfer of protons or electrons across an energy-transducing membrane and that can be used for chemical, osmotic, or mechanical work. Proton-motive force can be generated by a variety of phenomena including the operation of an electron transport chain, illumination of a purple membrane, and the hydrolysis of ATP by …

protoneuron
Hypothetical primitive neuron lacking polarization. ... Origin: proto-+ G. Neuron, nerve ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protonophore
<cell biology> Ionophore that carries protons. Many uncouplers are protonophores. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

protonotary
Pl> -ries . [LL. Protonotarius, fr. Gr. Prw^tos first + L. Notarius a shorthand writer, a scribe: cf. F. Protonotaire. ... 1. A chief notary or clerk. ' My private prothonotary.' ... 2. Formerly, a chief clerk in the Court of King's Bench and in the Court of Common Pleas, now superseded by the master. ... 3. A register or chief clerk of a court in …

protons
Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

protopathic
Denoting a supposedly primitive set or system of peripheral sensory nerve fibres conducting a low order of pain and temperature sensibility which is poorly localised. ... Compare: epicritic. ... Origin: proto-+ G. Pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protopathic sensibility
See: protopathic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protopectin
See: pectin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protopectinase
<enzyme> A group of enzymes which solubilise protopectin (pectic substances fixed in plant tissues) forming highly polymerised soluble pectin; act either by hydrolysis or trans-elimination; ppases-f, -l, -s, -c and -t have been sequenced ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... Synonym: protopectinase-f, ppase-f, protopectinase-l, ppase-l, protopect …

protophyte
<botany> Any unicellular plant, or plant forming only a plasmodium, having reproduction only by fission, gemmation, or cell division. ... The protophytes (Protophyta) are by some botanists considered an independent branch or class of the vegetable kingdom, and made to include the lowest forms of both fungi and algae, as slime molds, Bacteria, …

protopianoma
Synonym for mother yaw ... A large granulomatous lesion, considered to be the initial lesion in yaws, most commonly present on the hand, leg, or foot. ... Synonym: buba madre, frambesioma, mamanpian, protopianoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protoplasm
<cell biology> The entire contents of a live cell. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

protoplasmic astrocyte
One form of astrocyte, found mainly in gray matter, having few fibrils and numerous branching processes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protoplasmic astrocytoma
<tumour> A neoplasm composed primarily of protoplasmic-type astrocytes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protoplasmic movement
Movement produced by the inherent power of contraction and relaxation of protoplasm; such movement's are of three kinds: muscular, streaming, and ciliary. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protoplasmolysis
Synonym for plasmolysis ... <plant biology> Process by which the plant cell protoplast shrinks, so that the plasma membrane becomes partly detached from the wall. ... Occurs in solutions of high osmotic potential, due to water moving out of the protoplast by osmosis. ... (31 Dec 1997) ...

protoplast
<biology> A bacterial cell deprived of its cell wall, for example by growth in an isotonic medium in the presence of antibiotics that block synthesis of the wall peptidoglycan. Alternatively, a plant cell similarly deprived by enzymic treatment. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

protoporphyria
Enhanced faecal excretion of protoporphyrin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protoporphyrin
<biochemistry> Porphyrin ring structure lacking metal ions. The most abundant is protoporphyrin IX, the immediate precursor of hem. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

protoporphyrin type III
2,7,12,18-Tetramethyl-3,8-divinylporphin-13,17dipropionic acid;the principal protoporphyrin found in nature (one of 15 possible isomers), characterised by the presence of 4 methyl groups, 2 vinyl groups, and 2 propionic acid side chains; a porphyrin derivative that, with iron, forms the haem of haemoglobin and the prosthetic groups of myoglobin, ca …

protoporphyrinogen type III
The immediate precursor of protoporphyrin III in haem biosynthesis; elevated in cases of variegate porphyria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protoporphyrinogen type III oxidase
A mitochondrial enzyme that uses O2 to convert protoporphyrinogen type III to protoporphyrin type III in haem biosynthesis; a deficiency of this enzyme is associated with variegate porphyria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protoporphyrins
Porphyrins with four methyl, two vinyl, and two propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Protoporphyrin ix occurs in haemoglobin, myoglobin, and most of the cytochromes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

protoproteose
See: primary proteose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protospore
The initial product of progressive cleavage, in which a multinucleate spore is produced. ... Origin: proto-+ G. Sporos, seed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protostoma
Synonym for blastopore ... During gastrulation cells on the surface of the embryo move into the interior to form the mesoderm and endoderm. The opening formed by this invagination of cells is the blastopore. It is an opening from the archenteron, the primitive gut, to the exterior. In some animals this opening becomes the anus, whilst in others it c …

protostome
Synonym: blastopore. ... Origin: proto-+ G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Protostrongylus rufescens
The small lungworm of sheep, goats, and deer that occurs in the smaller bronchioles, where it causes plugging of the air passages by its presence and the formation of multiple areas of bronchopneumonia; symptoms produced generally are milder than those induced by the large lungworm, Dictyocaulus filaria. ... Origin: proto-+ G. Strongylos, round ... ( …

protosulfate
A compound of sulfuric acid with a protoxide of the metal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prototaxic
In interpersonal psychiatry, a term referring to the earliest form of experience characteristic of the infant which is undifferentiated, global, and unorganised. ... Origin: proto-+ G. Taxis, order, arrangement ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prototheca
An achlorophyllous mutant of the green alga chlorella. It is found in decayed matter, water, sewage and soil and produces cutaneous and disseminated infections in various vertebrates including man. It infects the skin, lymph nodes, eye, myocardium, kidney, muscle, and bovine mammary gland. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

protothecosis
A rare verrucous cutaneous or disseminated disease caused by Prototheca zopfii and Prototheca wickerhamii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prototroph
The parent from which an auxotrophic mutant has been derived. Contrast with auxotroph. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

prototrophic
1. Pertaining to a prototroph. ... 2. Denoting the ability to undertake anabolism or to obtain nourishment from a single source, as with iron, sulfur, or nitrifying bacteria or photosynthesizing plants. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prototrophic strains
Strain's that have the same nutritional requirements as the wild-type strain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prototrophism
The property of being phototrophic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prototype
The primitive form; the first form to which subsequent individuals of the class or species conform. ... Origin: proto-+ G. Typos, type ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protoveratrine A and B
A mixture of two alkaloids isolated from Veratrum album; they exert their main effect upon the cardiovascular system through the carotid sinus receptors and vagal sensory endings in the heart; they cause vasodilation and are thought to bring about a redistribution to all vascular beds and thus to induce a fall in blood pressure; used in certain for …

protoveratrines
<chemical> Mixtures of closely related hypotensive alkaloids from veratrum album (liliaceae). They have been used in the treatment of hypertension but have largely been replaced by drugs with fewer adverse effects. ... Pharmacological action: antihypertensive agents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

protovertebra
Origin: Proto- + vertebra. ... <anatomy> One of the primitive masses, or segments, into which the mesoblast of the vertebrate embryo breaks up on either side of the anterior part of the notochord; a mesoblastic, or protovertebral, somite. ... The protovertebrae were long regarded as rudiments of the permanent vertebrae, but they are now known t …

Protozoa
<organism> A very diverse group comprising some 50,000 eukaryotic organisms that consist of one cell. Because most of them are motile and heterotrophic, the Protozoa were originally regarded as a phylum of the animal kingdom. ... However it is now clear that they have only one common characteristic, they are not multi cellular and Protozoa are …

protozoal
Synonym for protozoan ... 1. Any individual of the protozoa, protozoon. ... 2. Of or pertaining to the protozoa, protozoal. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

protozoan
1. Any individual of the protozoa, protozoon. ... 2. Of or pertaining to the protozoa, protozoal. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

protozoan cyst
Infectious form of many protozoan parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Balantidium coli, etc., usually passed in the faeces and provided with a highly condensed cytoplasm and resistant cell wall. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protozoan infections
Infections with unicellular organisms of the subkingdom protozoa. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

protozoan infections, animal
Infections with unicellular organisms of the subkingdom protozoa. The infections may be experimental or veterinary. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

protozoan proteins
Proteins found in any species of protozoan. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

protozoan vaccines
Suspensions of attenuated or killed protozoa administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious protozoan disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

protozoiasis
Infection with protozoans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protozoicide
An agent used to kill protozoa. ... Origin: protozoa + L. Caedo, to kill ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protozoologist
A biologist who specialises in protozoology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protozoology
The science concerned with all aspects of the biology and human interest in protozoa. ... Origin: protozoa + G. Logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protozoophage
A phagocyte that ingests protozoa. ... Origin: protozoa + G. Phago, to eat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protract
1. To draw out or lengthen in time or (rarely) in space; to continue; to prolong; as, to protract an argument; to protract a war. ... 2. To put off to a distant time; to delay; to defer; as, to protract a decision or duty. ... 3. To draw to a scale; to lay down the lines and angles of, with scale and protractor; to plot. ... 4. <zoology> To exte …

protraction
In dentistry, the extension of teeth or other maxillary or mandibular structures into a position anterior to normal. ... Origin: see protractor ... Mandibular protraction, a type of facial anomaly in which the gnathion lies anterior to the orbital plane. ... Maxillary protraction, a type of facial anomaly in which the subnasion lies anterior to the or …

protractor
1. One who, or that which, protracts, or causes protraction. ... 2. A mathematical instrument for laying down and measuring angles on paper, used in drawing or in plotting. It is of various forms, semicircular, rectangular, or circular. ... 3. <surgery> An instrument formerly used in extracting foreign or offensive matter from a wound. ... 4. &l …

protriptyline
<chemical> Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to imipramine. It may produce excitation. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic uptake inhibitors, antidepressive agents, tricyclic. ... Chemical name: 5H-Dibenzo(a,d)cycloheptene-5-propanamine, N-methyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

protriptyline hydrochloride
N-Methyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-5-propylamine hydrochloride;an antidepressant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protruded disk
Synonym for herniated disk ... <orthopaedics> A condition that results in the abnormal protrusion (bulging), herniation or prolapse of a vertebral disc from its normal position in the vertebral column. The displaced disc may exert force on a nearby nerve root causing the typical neurologic symptoms of radiating pain (to an extremity), numbness …

protruding teeth
Teeth extending beyond the normal contour of the dental arches; usually in an anterior direction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protrusio acetabuli
Synonym for Otto's disease ... A disease characterised by an inward bulging of the acetabulum into the pelvic cavity, resulting from arthritis of the hip joints, usually due to rheumatoid arthritis. ... Synonym: arthrokatadysis, Otto pelvis, protrusio acetabuli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protrusion
The state of being trust forward or laterally, as in masticatory movements of the mandible. ... Origin: L. Protrudere = to push forward ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

protrusive excursion
Movement of the mandible to a position forward of the centric position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protrusive interocclusal record
A record of a protruded eccentric jaw position. ... Synonym: checkbite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protrusive jaw relation
A jaw relation resulting from a protrusion of the mandible. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protrusive occlusion
Occlusion which results when the mandible is protruded forward from centric position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protrusive position
A forward position of the mandible produced by muscular effort. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protrusive record
A registration of a forward position of the mandible with reference to the maxillae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protrusive relation
The relation of the mandible to the maxillae when the lower jaw is thrust forward. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protuberance
That which is protuberant swelled or pushed beyond the surrounding or adjacent surface; a swelling or tumour on the body; a prominence; a bunch or knob; an elevation. ... <astronomy> Solar protuberances, certain rose-coloured masses on the limb of the sun which are seen to extend beyond the edge of the moon at the time of a solar eclipse. They …

protuberant abdomen
An unusual or prominent convexity of the abdomen, due to excessive subcutaneous fat, poor muscle tone, or an increase in intra-abdominal content. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protuberantia
Synonym: protuberance. ... See: protuberance, prominence, eminence. ... Origin: Mod. L. Fr. Protubero, to swell out, fr. Tuber, a swelling ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protuberantia laryngea
Synonym for laryngeal prominence ... The projection on the anterior portion of the neck formed by the thyroid cartilage of the larynx; serves as an external indication of the level of the fifth cervical vertebra. ... Synonym: prominentia laryngea, Adam's apple, protuberantia laryngea, thyroid eminence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protuberantia mentalis
Synonym for mental protuberance ... The prominence of the chin at the anterior part of the mandible. ... Synonym: protuberantia mentalis, mental process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protuberantia occipitalis externa
Synonym for external occipital protuberance ... A prominence about the centre of the outer surface of the squamous portion of the occipital bone, giving attachment to the ligamentum nuchae. ... Synonym: protuberantia occipitalis externa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protuberantia occipitalis interna
Synonym for internal occipital protuberance ... A projection from about the centre of the cruciform eminence on the inner surface of the occipital bone. ... Synonym: protuberantia occipitalis interna. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

protyrosinase
<chemical> From aspergillus oryzae; genbank d37929 ... Synonym: melo gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

proud
1. Feeling or manifesting pride, in a good or bad sense; as: Possessing or showing too great self-esteem; overrating one's excellences; hence, arrogant; haughty; lordly; presumptuous. 'Nor much expect A foe so proud will first the weaker seek.' (Milton) 'O death, made proud with pure and princely beauty !' (Shak) 'And shades impervious to the proud …

proud flesh
Exuberant granulations in the granulation tissue on the surface of a wound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

prourokinase
The precursor of an activator of plasminogen, urokinase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Proust, Louis
<person> French chemist, 1755-1826. ... See: Proust's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Proust, T
<person> 19th century French physician. ... See: Proust's space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Proust's law
Synonym for law of definite proportions ... The relative weights of the several elements forming a chemical compound are invariable. ... Synonym: Proust's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Proust's space
Synonym for rectovesical pouch ... A pocket formed by the deflection of the peritoneum from the rectum to the bladder in the male. ... Synonym: excavatio rectovesicalis, Proust's space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...