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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


nail biting
Common form of habitual body manipulation which is an expression of tension. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nail diseases
Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nail extension
An obsolete method of extension, by a weight on a nail or pin in the distal fragment of a fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nail fold
The fold of skin overlapping the lateral and proximal margins of the nail. ... Synonym: vallum unguis, wall of nail. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nail horn
An obsolete term for overgrown nail. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nail infection, fungal
The most common fungus infection of the nails is onychomycosis. Onychomycosis makes the nails look white and opaque, thickened, and brittle. Older women (perhaps because oestrogen deficiency may increase the risk of infection). And men and women with diabetes or disease of the small blood vessels (peripheral vacscular disease) are at increased risk …

nail matrix
Synonym for nail bed ... The area of the corium on which the nail rests; it is extremely sensitive and presents numerous longitudinal ridges on its surface. According to some anatomists, the nail bed is the portion covered by the body of the nail, the nail matrix being only the part on which the root of the nail rests. ... Synonym: matrix unguis, ker …

nail pits
Small punctate depressions on the surface of the nail plate due to defective nail formation; seen in psoriasis and other disorders. ... See: geographic stippling of nails. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nail plate
Synonym for nail ... 1. <anatomy> The horny scale of plate of epidermis at the end of the fingers and toes of man and many apes. 'His nayles like a briddes claws were.' (Chaucer) ... The nails are strictly homologous with hoofs and claws. When compressed, curved, and pointed, they are called talons or claws, and the animal bearing them is said …

nail pulse
A capillary pulse seen through the nail. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nail-headed
Having a head like that of a nail; formed so as to resemble the head of a nail. Nail-headed characters, arrowheaded or cuneiform characters. See Arrowheaded. Nail-headed molding, an ornament consisting of a series of low four-sided pyramids resembling the heads of large nails; called also nail-head molding, or nail-head. It is the same as the simpl …

nail-patella syndrome
<radiology> Fong syndrome, hereditary arthrodysplasia, J.W. Turner syndrome, autosomal dominant Features: abnormal fingernails, absent/hypoplastic patella, defects in radial head, iliac horns (bony processes along posterior surfaces of iliac bones), discoloration of iris ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nailing
Act of inserting or driving a nail into the ends of a fractured bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nails, ingrown
Excessive lateral nail growth into the nail fold. Because the lateral margin of the nail acts as a foreign body, inflammation and granulation may result. It is caused by improperly fitting shoes and by improper trimming of the nail. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nails, malformed
Deformities in nail structure or appearance, including hypertrophy, splitting, clubbing, furrowing, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nails, ringworm of the
See Nail infection, fungal. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nairobi sheep disease
An arbovirus infection of sheep and goats transmitted by ticks. It is characterised by high fever and haemorrhagic gastroenteritis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Nairobi sheep disease virus
An unclassified arbovirus of the family Bunyaviridae causing Nairobi sheep disease, transmitted by the tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus; it is a serologic group of virus's morphologically like Bunyavirus but antigenically unrelated to it. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nairobi sheep disease viruses
A group of viruses of the genus nairovirus, transmitted by the ixodid ticks and producing a lethal gastroenteritis in sheep and goats, especially in africa. Though major veterinary pathogens, their effect on humans has not been firmly established. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nairovirus
A genus of the family bunyaviridae named after nairobi sheep disease, an acute, haemorrhagic, tick-borne, gastroenteritis affecting sheep and goats. Some viruses in this genus are capable of causing severe and fatal disease in humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

naive T-cell
A T-cell arising from the immune system's production of fresh cells in the bone marrow. Naive T-cells respond to newly encountered pathogens containing antigens the immune system has not processed before. The naive T-cells' activation and proliferation create an acquired immune response to the newly encountered pathogenic agent. After the disease i …

Najjar, Victor
<person> U.S. Physician and biochemist, *1914. ... See: Crigler-Najjar syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nakanishi
K., Japanese physician. ... See: Nakanishi's stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nakanishi's stain
<technique> A method for vital staining of bacteria in which a slide is treated with hot methylene blue solution until it acquires a sky-blue colour, after which a drop of an emulsion of the bacteria is put on the cover glass and the latter laid on the slide; the bacteria are stained differentially, some parts more intensely than others. ... ( …

naked
1. Having no clothes on; uncovered; nude; bare; as, a naked body; a naked limb; a naked sword. ... 2. Having no means of defense or protection; open; unarmed; defenseless. 'Thy power is full naked.' (Chaucer) 'Behold my bosom naked to your swords.' (Addison) ... 3. Unprovided with needful or desirable accessories, means of sustenance, etc.; destitute …

naked virus
A virus consisting only of a nucleocapsid; i.e., one that does not possess an enclosing envelope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nalbuphine
<chemical> A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at kappa opioid receptors and an antagonist or partial agonist at mu opioid receptors. ... Pharmacological action: analgesics, opioid, narcotic antagonists, narcotics. ... Chemical name: Morphinan-3,6,14-triol, 17-(cyclobutylmethyl)-4,5-epoxy-, (5alpha,6alpha)- ... (12 …

nalbuphine hydrochloride
17-(Cyclobutylmethyl)4,5a-epoxymorphinan-3,6a,14-triol hydrochloride;a synthetic opioid analgesic chemically related to oxymorphone, a narcotic, and to naloxone, a narcotic antagonist, with both agonist and antagonist narcotic properties. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

naled
<chemical> An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide. ... Pharmacological action: cholinesterase inhibitor, insecticide, organophosphate. ... Chemical name: Phosphoric acid, 1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethyl dimethyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nalidixic acid
<drug> Synthetic antibiotic that interferes with DNA gyrase and inhibits prokaryotic replication. Often used in selective media. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nalorphine
<chemical> (5 alpha,6 alpha)-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-(2-propenyl)morphinan-3,6-diol. A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete. ... Pharm …

naloxone
<drug> An alkaloid antagonist of morphine and of the opiate peptides. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

naloxone hydrochloride
1-N-Allyl-7,8-dihydro-14-hydroxymorphinone hydrochloride;a potent antagonist of endorphins and narcotics, including pentazocine; devoid of pharmacologic action when administered without narcotics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

naltrexone
<chemical> Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the n-cyclopropylmethyl congener of naloxone. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence. ... Pharmacologic …

Namalwa cell
<cell culture> Lymphoblastoid cell line grown in suspension and used to produce interferon (stimulated by Sendai virus infection). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

NAME
Acronym for nevi, atrial myxoma, myxoid neurofibromas, and ephilides. ... See: NAME syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

name bearing type
<zoology> The type genus, type species, holotype, lectotype, series of syntypes, neotype, type slide, or hapantotype, that provides the objective standard of reference whereby the application of the name of a taxon can be determined. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

NAME syndrome
<syndrome> The concurrence of nevi, atrial myxoma, myxoid neurofibromas, and ephilides. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

named reporting
In public health, named reporting is the reporting of infected persons by name to public health departments. This is standard practice for the surveillance of many infectious diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhoea, and tuberculosis that pose a public health threat. The opposite of named reporting is anonymous testing in which the individual remains …

names
Personal names, given or surname, as cultural characteristics, as ethnological or religious patterns, as indications of the geographic distribution of families and inbreeding, etc. Analysis of isonymy, the quality of having the same or similar names, is useful in the study of population genetics. Names is used also for the history of names or name …

namibia
A republic in southern africa, south of angola and west of botswana. Its capital is windhoek. It was a region not much visited before the middle of the 19th century although the portuguese landed at one of its harbors in 1486. Namibia was annexed by germany in 1885. As the former german colony of south west africa, it was mandated to south africa 1 …

nanaomycin B synthetase
<enzyme> Converts the epoxide of nanaomycin e to nanaomycin b; requires NADPH ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... Synonym: nnm-b synthetase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

nanaomycin D reductase
<enzyme> Reduces lactone of nanomycin d to free acid (nanaomycin a) and nad+ ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

NANB hepatitis
Synonym for non-A, non-B hepatitis ... Hepatitis caused by two or more infectious agents not detectable by methods that reveal the presence of hepatitis viruses A and B; one cause, now called type C hepatitis has been identified; may follow blood transfusion and is often seen in chronic renal dialysis patients. ... Synonym: NANB hepatitis. ... (05 Mar …

NANC neuron
<abbreviation> Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neuron. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

NANDA
Acronym for North American Nursing Diagnosis Association. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nandrolone
<chemical> A steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. ... Pharmacological action: anabolic steroids. ... Chemical name: Estr-4-en-3-one, 17-hydroxy-, (17beta)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nandrolone phenylpropionate
nandrolone phenpropionate ...

nanism
Once known as dwarfism, this condition is now correctly called short stature. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nankeen
1. A species of cloth, of a firm texture, originally brought from China, made of a species of cotton (Gossypium religiosum) that is naturally of a brownish yellow colour quite indestructible and permanent. ... 2. An imitation of this cloth by artificial colouring. ... 3. Trousers made of nankeen. ... <zoology> Nankeen bird, the Australian night …

Nannizzia
A genus of ascomycetous fungi comprised of Microsporum species in their perfect state. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nano-
1. Combining form relating to dwarfism (nanism). ... 2 (n). Prefix used in the SI and metric systems to signify one-billionth (10-9). ... Origin: G. Nanos, dwarf ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nanocephalia
Synonym for microcephaly ... An abnormally small head of a newborn, a congenitally small brain. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

nanocephalous
Synonym for microcephalic ... microcephalous ...

nanocephaly
Synonym: microcephaly. ... Origin: nano-+ G. Kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nanocormia
Synonym: microsomia. ... Origin: nano-+ G. Kormos, trunk ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nanogram
One-billionth of a gram (10-9 g). ... Abbreviation: ng ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nanokatal
One-billionth of a katal (10-9 kat). ... Abbreviation: nkat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nanomelia
Synonym: micromelia. ... Origin: nano-+ G. Melos, limb ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nanometer
One-billionth of a meter (10-9 m). ... Abbreviation: nm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nanometre
<unit> A metric unit of length measurement. ... 1x10 exp-9 metres or 0.000000001 metres, 4x10 exp-8 inches or 0.00000004 inches about 10 average atoms in a lattice. ... Abbreviation: nm ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

nanophthalmos
Synonym: microphthalmos. ... Origin: nano-+ G. Ophthalmos, eye ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nanophyetus salmincola
A digenetic fish-borne fluke (family Nanophyetidae) of dogs and other fish-eating mammals; the vector of Neorickettsia helmintheca, the agent of salmon poisoning. ... Synonym: Troglotrema salmincola. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nanovid microscopy
<procedure> Technique of bright field light microscopy using electronic contrast enhancement and maximum numerical aperture. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Nanta
Synonym for Gandy-Nanta disease ... <disease> Siderotic splenomegaly, probably the same as Gamna's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nanukayami
Synonym for nanukayami fever ... A form of leptospirosis known in Japan and caused by a leptospira normally found in the field mouse or vole. ... Synonym: nanukayami. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nanukayami fever
A form of leptospirosis known in Japan and caused by a leptospira normally found in the field mouse or vole. ... Synonym: nanukayami. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nap
1. Woolly or villous surface of felt, cloth, plants, etc.; an external covering of down, of short fine hairs or fibres forming part of the substance of anything, and lying smoothly in one direction; the pile; as, the nap of cotton flannel or of broadcloth. ... 2. The loops which are cut to make the pile, in velvet. ... Origin: OE. Noppe, AS. Hnoppa; …

NapA phosphatase
<enzyme> A minor phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase from m. Morganiii; a class b bacterial acid phosphatase, active on several organic phosphate monoesters but not on diesters, also has phosphotransferase activity; do not confuse plant napa protein ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- ... Synonym: napa acid phosphatase-phosphotransferase, napa …

nape nevus
A pale vascular birthmark found on the nape of the neck in 25 to 50% of normal persons. ... Synonym: Unna's mark. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

napex
The area of the scalp just below the occipital protuberance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

naphazoline
<chemical> 4,5-dihydro-2-(1-naphthalenylmethyl)-1h-imidazole. An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic alpha-agonists, nasal decongestants. ... Chemical name: 1H-Imidazole, 4,5-dihydro-2-(1-naphthalenylmethyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

naphazoline hydrochloride
2-(1-naphthylmethyl)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride;a sympathomimetic amine, used as a topical vasoconstrictor; available as naphazoline hydrochloride nitrate, with the same uses. ... Synonym: naphthazoline hydrochloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

naphtha
1. <chemistry> The complex mixture of volatile, liquid, inflammable hydrocarbons, occurring naturally, and usually called crude petroleum, mineral oil, or rock oil. Specifically: That portion of the distillate obtained in the refinement of petroleum which is intermediate between the lighter gasoline and the heavier benzine, and has a specific …

naphthacenes
Polycyclic four-ring hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar and found as contaminants in commercial anthracene preparations. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

naphthalene
<chemistry> A white crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon, C10H8, analogous to benzene, and obtained by the distillation of certain bituminous materials, such as the heavy oil of coal tar. It is the type and basis of a large number of derivatives among organic compounds. Formerly called also naphthaline. ... <chemistry> Naphthalene red, a yel …

naphthalene acetic acid
<chemical> A synthetic auxin, often used in plant physiology and in plant tissue culture media because it is more stable than IAA. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

naphthalene dioxygenase
<enzyme> Forms cis-(1r,2s)-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene; requires NADH ... Registry number: EC 1.14.12.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

naphthaleneacetic acids
Naphthalene derivatives containing the -ch2cco2h radical at the 1-position, the 2-position, or both. Compounds are used as plant growth regulators to delay sprouting, exert weed control, thin fruit, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

naphthalenes
Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

naphthalenesulfonates
A class of organic compounds that contains a naphthalene moiety linked to a sulfonic acid salt or ester. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

naphthalenol
Synonym for naphthol ... <chemistry> Any one of a series of hydroxyl derivatives of naphthalene, analogous to phenol. In general they are crystalline substances with a phenol (carbolic) odour. ... <chemistry> Naphthol blue, Naphthol orange, Naphthol yellow, brilliant dyestuffs produced from certain complex nitrogenous derivatives of napht …

naphthalin
Synonym for naphthalene ... <chemistry> A white crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon, C10H8, analogous to benzene, and obtained by the distillation of certain bituminous materials, such as the heavy oil of coal tar. It is the type and basis of a large number of derivatives among organic compounds. Formerly called also naphthaline. ... <chemistry …

naphthazoline hydrochloride
Synonym for naphazoline hydrochloride ... 2-(1-naphthylmethyl)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride;a sympathomimetic amine, used as a topical vasoconstrictor; available as naphazoline hydrochloride nitrate, with the same uses. ... Synonym: naphthazoline hydrochloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

naphthoate synthetase
<enzyme> Intermediate in bacterial conversion of o-succinylbenzoic acid to menaquinones requires CoA and ATP ... Chemical name: 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate synthetase ... Registry number: EC 4.2.1.- ... Synonym: 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate synthase, dhna synthase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

naphthol
<chemistry> Any one of a series of hydroxyl derivatives of naphthalene, analogous to phenol. In general they are crystalline substances with a phenol (carbolic) odour. ... <chemistry> Naphthol blue, Naphthol orange, Naphthol yellow, brilliant dyestuffs produced from certain complex nitrogenous derivatives of naphthol or naphthoquinone.
naphthol as d esterase
<enzyme> Hydrolytic enzyme activity used as a histocytochemical test for the presence of esterases in tissue. Substrate used is 3-hydroxy-4'-nitro-2-naphthanilide chloroacetate (naphthol as-d). ... Registry number: EC 3.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

naphthol yellow S
8-Hydroxy-5,7-dinitro-2-naphthalene sulfonic acid;an acid dye used as a stain for basic proteins in microspectro-photometry. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

naphtholate
A compound of naphthol in which the hydrogen in the hydroxyl radical is substituted by a base. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

naphthols
Naphthalene derivatives carrying one or more hydroxyl (-oh) groups at any ring position. They are often used in dyes and pigments, as antioxidants for rubber, fats, and oils, as insecticide, in pharmaceuticals, and in numerous other applications. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

naphthoquinones
Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

naphthylvinylpyridine
<chemical> 4(1-naphthylvinyl)pyridine hydrochloride. Cholinesterase inhibitor. Synonym: yub 25. ... Chemical name: Pyridine, 4-(2-(1-naphthalenyl)ethenyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

napier
Synonym: neper. ... Origin: John Napier, Scottish mathematician, 1550-1617 ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

napkin rash
Synonym for diaper dermatitis ... Colloquially referred to as diaper, ammonia, or napkin rash; dermatitis of thighs and buttocks resulting from exposure to urine and faeces in infants' diapers. Formerly attributed to ammonia formation; moisture, bacterial growth, and alkalinity may all induce lesions. ... Synonym: ammonia rash, diaper rash, Jacquet's …

nappe
<geometry> Sheet; surface; all that portion of a surface that is continuous in such a way that it is possible to pass from any one point of the portion to any other point of the portion without leaving the surface. Thus, some hyperboloids have one nappe, and some have two. ... Origin: F. Nappe cloth, sheet. See Napery. ... Source: Websters Dict …

naprapathy
A system of therapeutic manipulation based on the theory that morbid symptoms are dependent upon strained or contracted ligaments in the spine, thorax, or pelvis. ... Origin: Bohemian napravit, to correct, + G. Pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

naproxen
<chemical> 2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)propionic acid. An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhoea, and acute gout. ... Pharmacological action: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory …

napsylate
USAN-approved contraction for 2-naphthalenesulfonate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

napthoquinone
<plant biology> Plant pigments derived from napthoquinone. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

narcissism
A psychoanalytic term meaning self-love. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...