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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

nasogastric tube
<equipment> A flexible plastic tube that is introduced through the nostril to the nasopharynx and advanced to the stomach. ... This may be performed for diagnostic purposes (looking for bleeding), decontamination (overdose) or therapeutics (removing gastrointestinal material in the face of an intestinal blockage). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

nasojugal fold
A shallow groove in the skin that extends downward and laterally from the medial canthus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasolabial
Relating to the nose and upper lip. ... Origin: naso-+ L. Labium, lip ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasolabial cyst
Synonym for nasoalveolar cyst ... A soft tissue cyst located near the attachment of the ala over the maxilla; probably derived from the lower anterior part of the nasolacrimal duct. ... Synonym: Klestadt's cyst, nasolabial cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasolabial groove
A furrow between the wing of the nose and the lip. ... Synonym: sulcus nasolabialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasolabial lymph node
One of the facial lymph nodes located near the junction of the superior labial and facial arteries. ... Synonym: nodus nasolabialis, nasolabial node. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasolabial node
Synonym for nasolabial lymph node ... One of the facial lymph nodes located near the junction of the superior labial and facial arteries. ... Synonym: nodus nasolabialis, nasolabial node. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasolacrimal
<anatomy> Pertaining to the nose and lacrimal apparatus. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nasolacrimal canal
The bony canal formed by the maxilla, lacrimal bone, and inferior concha that transmits the nasolacrimal duct from the orbit to the inferior meatus of the nose. ... Synonym: canalis nasolacrimalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasolacrimal duct
The passage leading downward from the lacrimal sac on each side to the anterior portion of the inferior meatus of the nose, through which tears are conducted into the nasal cavity. ... Synonym: ductus nasolacrimalis, nasal duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasomandibular fixation
Mandibular immobilization, especially for edentulous jaws, with maxillomandibular splints, attached by connecting a circum-mandibular wire with an intraoral interosseous wire passed through a hole drilled into the anterior nasal spine of the maxillae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasomaxillary suture
Line of union of the lateral margin of the nasal bone with the frontal process of the maxilla. ... Synonym: sutura nasomaxillaris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasomental reflex
Contraction of the mentalis muscle following a tap on the side of the nose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasopalatine duct cyst
Synonym for incisive canal cyst ... A cyst in or near the incisive canal, arising from proliferation of epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct; the most common maxillary development cyst. ... Synonym: median anterior maxillary cyst, nasopalatine duct cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasopalatine groove
A groove on the vomer lodging the nasopalatine nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasopalatine nerve
<anatomy, nerve> A branch from the pterygopalatine ganglion, passing through the sphenopalatine foramen, crossing to and then down the nasal septum, and through the incisive foramen to supply the mucous membrane of the hard palate. ... Synonym: nervus nasopalatinus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasopharyngeal
<anatomy> Of the nasopharnynx or the upper part of the throat behind the nose. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

nasopharyngeal carcinoma
<oncology, tumour> This carcinoma, although rare in North America, is one of the commonest malignancies in men from Taiwan and southern China. ... Hearing loss from middle ear effusion (collection of fluid in the middle ear space), a lump in the neck and a raised lesion on the palate are among the most common findings. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

nasopharyngeal culture
<microbiology> A sample of nasopharyngeal secretions are obtained via a swab stick (Q-tip-like) and sent to the lab for bacterial or viral culture. ... This test is used to identify an organism or virus which is responsible for respiratory disease and can also guide the selection of an effective antibiotic agent. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

nasopharyngeal diseases
General or unspecified diseases of the nasopharynx. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nasopharyngeal groove
An indistinct line marking the boundary between the nasal cavities and the nasal part of the pharynx. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasopharyngeal leishmaniasis
Synonym for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis ... A grave disease caused by Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis, endemic in southern Mexico and Central and South America, except for the equatorial region of Chile; the organism does not invade the viscera, and the disease is limited to the skin and mucous membranes, the lesions resembling the sores of cut …

nasopharyngeal passage
The posterior part of the nasal cavity from the posterior limits of the conchae to the choanae. ... Synonym: meatus nasopharyngeus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasopharyngeal viral culture
<microbiology> A collection of nasopharyngeal secretions for the purpose of incubating a virus for identification. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

nasopharyngitis
Inflammation of the nasopharynx. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nasopharyngolaryngoscope
<instrument> An instrument, often of fibreoptic type, used to visualise the upper airways and pharynx. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasopharyngoscope
<instrument> Telescopic instrument, electrically lighted, for examination of the nasal passages and the nasopharynx. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasopharyngoscopy
Examination of the nasopharynx by flexible or rigid optical instruments, or with a mirror. ... Origin: nasopharynx + G. Skopeo, to view ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasopharynx
<anatomy> The portion of the pharynx extending from the posterior nares to the level of the soft palate. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

nasorostral
Relating to the nasal cavity and the rostrum of the sphenoid bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasosinusitis
Inflammation of the nasal cavities and of the accessory sinuses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasotracheal intubation
Tracheal intubation through the nose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasotracheal tube
A tracheal tube inserted through the nasal passages. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nasse
Christian Friedrich, German physician, 1788-1851. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nasse's law
An early statement of the pattern of X-linked recessive inheritance: haemophilia affects only boys but is transmitted through mothers and sisters. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasturtium
1. <botany> A genus of cruciferous plants, having white or yellowish flowers, including several species of cress. They are found chiefly in wet or damp grounds, and have a pungent biting taste. ... 2. <botany> Any plant of the genus Tropaeolum, geraniaceous herbs, having mostly climbing stems, peltate leaves, and spurred flowers, and inc …

nasus
Synonym: external nose. ... Synonym: nose. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nasus externus
Synonym for external nose ... The visible portion of the nose which forms a prominent feature of the face; it consists of a root, dorsum and apex from above downward and is perforated inferiorly by two nostrils separated by a septum. ... Synonym: nasus externus, nasus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

natal
1. Relating to birth. ... Origin: L. Natalis, fr. Nascor, pp. Natus, to be born ... 2. Relating to the buttocks or nates. ... Origin: L. Nates, buttocks ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

natal cleft
The sulcus between the buttocks (nates). ... Synonym: crena ani, anal cleft, crena clunium, gluteal cleft. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

natal teeth
Predeciduous teeth present at birth. They may be well formed and normal or may represent hornified epithelial structures without roots. They are found on the gingivae over the crest of the ridge and arise from accessory buds of the dental lamina ahead of the deciduous buds or from buds of the accessory dental lamina. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

natal tooth
A predeciduous supernumerary tooth present at birth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Natal's sore
Lesion of cutaneous leishmaniasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

natality
The birth rate; the ratio of births to the general population. ... Origin: see natal ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

natamycin
<chemical> Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from streptomyces natalensis or s. Chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically. ... Pharmacological action: anti-infective agents, local, antibiotics, antifungal, antibiotics, macrolide. ... Chemical name: Pimaricin ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

natant
1. <botany> Floating in water, as the leaves of water lilies, or submersed, as those of many aquatic plants. ... 2. Placed horizontally across the field, as if swimmimg toward the dexter side; said of all sorts of fishes except the flying fish. ... Origin: L. Natans, -antis, from swim, v. Intens. Fr. Nare to swim: cf. F. Natant. ... Source: Webs …

natiform skull
Palpable bony nodules on the surface of the skull in infants with congenital syphilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

natimortality
The perinatal death rate; the proportion of foetal and neonatal deaths to the general natality. ... Origin: L. Natus, birth, + mortalitas, fr. Mors, death ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nation
1. <ethnology> A part, or division, of the people of the earth, distinguished from the rest by common descent, language, or institutions; a race; a stock. 'All nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues.' (Rev. Vii. 9) ... 2. The body of inhabitants of a country, united under an independent government of their own. 'A nation is the unity o …

national academy of sciences
A united states organization of distinguished scientists and engineers established for the purpose of investigating and reporting upon any subject of art or science as requested by any department of government. The national research council organised by nas serves as the principal operating agency to stimulate and support research. ... (12 Dec 1998) …

National Cancer Information Service
<address, organisation> National Cancer Institute, cancer Information Service, office of Cancer Communications, Building 31, Room 10A24, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

national environmental policy act
A federal law enacted in 1969 that requires all federal agencies to consider and analyse the environmental impacts of any proposed action. NEPA requires an environmental impact statement for major federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the environment. NEPA requires federal agencies to inform and involve the public in the agency's d …

National Formulary
An official compendium formerly issued by the American Pharmaceutical Association but now published by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention for the purpose of providing standards and specifications which can be used to evaluate the quality of pharmaceuticals and therapeutic agents. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

national health programs
Components of a national health care system which administer specific services, e.g., national health insurance. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

national institute of mental health
A component of the national institutes of health concerned with research, overall planning, promoting, and administering mental health programs and research. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

National Institutes of Health
<organisation> A nonregulatory U.S. Federal agency which has oversight of research activities that the agency funds. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

national library of medicine
An agency of the national institutes of health concerned with overall planning, promoting, and administering programs pertaining to various aspects of documentation and library services in the field of medicine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

national practitioner data bank
A databank established by the health care quality improvement act of 1986 authorizing the department of health and human services to collect and release information on the professional competence and conduct of physicians, dentists, nurses, and other health care practitioners. The data include adverse actions on physicians' malpractice, licensure, …

National Science Foundation
<organisation> A nonregulatory U.S. Federal agency which has oversight of biotechnology research activities that the agency funds. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

nationality
Origin: Cf. F. Nationalite. ... 1. The quality of being national, or strongly attached to one's own nation; patriotism. ... 2. The sum of the qualities which distinguish a nation; national character. ... 3. A race or people, as determined by common language and character, and not by political bias or divisions; a nation. 'the fulfillment of his missio …

native albumin
Albumin existing in its natural state, the two principal forms being serum albumin and egg albumin; it is soluble in water and not precipitated by diluted acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

native conformation
<chemistry> The conformation in which a molecule is biologically active. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

native protein
The concept of a protein in its natural state, in the cell, unaltered by heat, chemicals, enzyme action, or the exigencies of extraction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nativity
Origin: F. Nativite, L. Nativitas. See Native, and cf. Naivete. ... 1. The coming into life or into the world; birth; also, the circumstances attending birth, as time, place, manner, etc. 'I have served him from the hour of my nativity.' (Shak) 'Thou hast left . The land of thy nativity.' (Ruth II. 11) 'These in their dark nativity the deep Shall yi …

natraemia
Natriaemia ... The presence of sodium in the blood. ... Origin: natrium, sodium, + G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

natrexone hydrochloride
17-(Cyclopropylmethyl)4,5a-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one hydrochloride;an orally active narcotic antagonist used in maintenance therapy of detoxified, formerly opioid-dependent, patients. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

natriferic
Tending to increase sodium transport. ... Origin: natrium + L. Fero, to carry ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

natriuresis
<physiology> The excretion of abnormal amounts of sodium in the urine. ... Origin: L. Natrium = sodium, Gr. Ouresis = a making water ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

natriuretic
<endocrinology> Of a substance or hormone, causing natriuresis (elimination of extra sodium in the urine). ... See: atrial natriuretic peptide. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

natriuretic hormone
<chemical> A low-molecular weight substance, possibly from the hypothalamus, which is released due to plasma volume expansion. It causes natriuresis in part by inhibiting sodium potassium atpase. The development of hypertension may be the consequence of an abnormality in volume regulation induced by a defect in the renal response to the natri …

natronobacterium
A genus of rod-shaped, extremely halophilic halobacteriaceae which grows in alkaline conditions. They are strictly aerobic and some strains are motile. Natronobacterium is found in soda lakes, alkaline salterns, and soda soils. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

natronococcus
A genus of coccoid, extremely halophilic halobacteriaceae which grows in alkaline conditions. They are nonmotile and strictly aerobic and are found in soda lakes, alkaline salterns, and soda soils. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nattokinase
<enzyme> Isolated from the japanese soybean cheese natto; mw: 20,000; pi=8.6 ... Pharmacological action: fibrinolytic agents ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

natural
1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential; characteristic; not artifical, foreign, assumed, put on, or acquired; as, the natural growth of animals or plants; the natural motion of a gravitating body; natural strength or disposition; the natural heat of …

natural antibody
Synonym for normal antibody ... Antibody demonstrable in the serum or plasma of various persons or animals not known to have been stimulated by specific antigen, either artificially or as the result of naturally occurring contact. ... Synonym: natural antibody. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

natural childbirth
Psychophysical relaxation techniques that are used to facilitate childbirth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

natural classification
<zoology> Classification based on inferences concerning the phylogenetic relationships of animals. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

natural dentition
See: dentition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

natural disasters
Sudden calamitous events producing great material damage, loss, and distress. They are the result of natural phenomena such as earthquakes, floods, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

natural dyes
Dye's obtained from animals or plants; examples include carmine, obtained from cochineal in the dried female insect Dactylopius cacti of Central America, and haematoxylin, extracted from the bark of the logwood tree Haematoxylon campechianum in the Caribbean area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

natural focus of infection
An ecosystem in which an infectious agent normally persists in nature; e.g., yellow fever virus in a jungle monkey-Haemagogus mosquito ecosystem. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

natural haemolysin
Haemolysin occurring in the plasma of an animal of one species, e.g., a dog, which fixes complement with the red blood cells of some other species, e.g., a rabbit, thereby causing haemolysis of the cells of the rabbit, although the dog was not previously exposed to antigenic stimulation with such cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

natural history
A former branch of knowledge embracing the study, description, and classification of natural objects (as animals, plants, and minerals) and thus including the modern sciences of zoology, botany, and mineralogy insofar as they existed at that time. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries it was much used for the generalised pursuit of certain areas of …

natural immunity
Synonym for innate immunity ... This includes local barriers to infection such as skin, stomach acid, mucous, the cough reflex, enzymes in tears and saliva and skin oils. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

natural killer cell
<haematology, immunology> A certain type of white blood cell that attacks tumour cells and infected body cells by binding to a tumour cell and releasing lethal chemicals. Natural killer cells are thought to play a key role in cancer prevention by killing abnormal cells before they multiply and grow. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

natural killer cells
Large granular lymphocytes which do not express markers of either T or B-cell lineage. These cells do possess Fc receptors for IgG and can kill target cells using antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. NK cells can also use perforin to kill cells in the absence of antibody. Killing may occur without previous sensitization. ... Synonym: NK ce …

natural language processing
Computer processing of a language with rules that reflect and describe current usage rather than prescribed usage. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

natural mutation
Synonym for spontaneous mutation ... A mutation which occurs by itself without first being affected by a mutagen, for example during the process of DNA replication. Spontaneous mutations arise at a remarkably constant rate. The rate that spontaneous mutations arise has been used as an evolutionary clock to estimate how closely related two (or more) …

natural passive immunity
Immunity conferred by the mother on the foetus or newborn. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

natural pigment
A naturally occurring coloured compound; absorbs light in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. ... Compare: structural colour. ... Synonym: biochrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

natural products
Naturally occurring compounds that are end products of secondary metabolism; often, they are unique compounds for particular organisms or classes of organisms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

natural selection
The hypothesis that genotype environment interactions occurring at the phenotypic level lead to differential reproductive success of individuals and hence to modification of the gene pool of a population. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

naturalism
1. A state of nature; conformity to nature. ... 2. <psychology> The doctrine of those who deny a supernatural agency in the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in spiritual influences; also, any system of philosophy which refers the phenomena of nature to a blind force or forces acting necessarily or according to fixed laws, ex …

nature
1. The existing system of things; the world of matter, or of matter and mind; the creation; the universe. 'But looks through nature up to nature's God.' (Pope) 'Nature has caprices which art can not imitate.' (Macaulay) ... 2. The personified sum and order of causes and effects; the powers which produce existing phenomena, whether in the total or in …

nature-nurture issue
A controversy concerning the relative importance of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture) in various aspects of individual development, such as intelligence, personality, or mental illness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

naturopath
A person who practices naturopathy, a drugless system of therapy based on the use of physical forces such as heat, water, light, air and massage. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

naturopathic
Relating to or by means of naturopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

naturopathy
A drugless system of therapy, making use of physical forces such as air, light, water, heat, massage, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Nauheim bath
Synonym for Nauheim treatment ... Treatment of certain cardiac affections by baths in water through which carbonic acid gas is bubbling, followed by resisting exercises. ... Synonym: Nauheim bath, Schott treatment. ... Origin: Bad Nauheim, W. Germany ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nauheim treatment
Treatment of certain cardiac affections by baths in water through which carbonic acid gas is bubbling, followed by resisting exercises. ... Synonym: Nauheim bath, Schott treatment. ... Origin: Bad Nauheim, W. Germany ... (05 Mar 2000) ...