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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

neptunium
<chemical> Neptunium. A radioactive element of the actinide metals family. It has the atomic symbol np, atomic number 93, and atomic weight 237. ... Chemical name: Neptunium ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nereid
Origin: L. Nereis, -idis, gr, a daughter of Nereus, a nymph of the sea, fr. Nereus, an ancient sea god; akin to wet, Skr. Nara water, cf. Gr. To flow. ... 1. A sea nymph, one of the daughters of Nereus, who were attendants upon Neptune, and were represented as riding on sea horses, sometimes with the human form entire, and sometimes with the tail of …

Neri's sign
<clinical sign> In hemiplegia, the knee bends spontaneously when the leg is passively extended. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neriine
Synonym for conessine ... Roquessine; 3b-(dimethylamino)con-5-enine; 3b-dimethylamino-18a:20a-methylimino-5-pregnene;a steroid alkaloid derived from Holarrhena antidysenterica (conessi); a yellow astringent, used in the treatment of amoebic dysentery and vaginal trichomoniasis. ... Synonym: neriine, wrightine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerite
<marine biology> Any mollusk of the genus Nerita. ... (19 Mar 1998) ...

Nernst equation
<physics> A basic equation of biophysics that describes the relationship between the equilibrium potential difference across a semipermeable membrane and the equilibrium distribution of the ionic permeant species. ... It is described by: E = (RT/zF).ln[C1/C2 ... Where E is the potential on side 2 relative to side 1 in volts), R is the gas const …

Nernst potential
See: Nernst equation and ion selective electrodes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Nernst, Walther
<person> German physicist and Nobel laureate, 1864-1941. ... See: Nernst's equation, Nernst's theory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nernst's equation
The equation relating the equilibrium potential of electrodes to ion concentrations; the equation relating the electrical potential and concentration gradient of an ion across a permeable membrane at equilibrium: E = [RT / nF ... Origin: Ln (C1/C 2)], where E = potential, R = absolute gas constant, T = absolute temperature, n = valence, F = the Fara …

Nernst's theory
That the passage of an electric current through the tissues causes a dissociation of the ions, with consequent concentration of salts in the solution bathing the cell membranes, the electric stimulus being thereby effected. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neroli
<chemistry> An essential oil obtained by distillation from the flowers of the orange. It has a strong odour, and is used in perfumery, etc. ... <chemistry> Neroli camphor, a white crystalline waxy substance, tasteless and odorless, obtained from beroli oil. ... Synonym: auradin. ... Origin: F. Neroli, said to be from the name of an Italian …

nerve
1. <anatomy> One of the whitish and elastic bundles of fibres, with the accompanying tissues, which transmit nervous impulses between nerve centers and various parts of the animal body. ... An ordinary nerve is made up of several bundles of nerve fibres, each bundle inclosed in a special sheath (the perineurium) and all bound together in a con …

nerve avulsion
The tearing away of a peripheral nerve at its point of origin from its parent nerve due to traction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve biopsy
Synonym for biopsy, nerve ... <investigation, procedure, surgery> A procedure which involves the removal of a small specimen of nerve tissue for microscopic analysis. ... The ankle or wrist are the most common sites used for nerve biopsy. Conditions such as amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, metabolic polyneuropathy, leprosy, demyelination, alcoholic ne …

nerve block
Interruption of the conduction of impulses in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anaesthetic solution. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nerve block anaesthesia
Conduction anaesthesia in which local anaesthetic solution is injected about nerves, nerve trunks, or nerve plexuses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve cell
Synonym for neuron ... An excitable cell specialised for the transmission of electrical signals over long distances. Neurons receive input from sensory cells or other neurons and send output to muscles or other neurons. Neurons with sensory input are called sensory neurons, neurons with muscle outputs are called motoneurons, neurons that connect onl …

nerve cell body
The part of the neuron that includes the nucleus but excludes the processes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve compression syndromes
Repeated or prolonged pressure on a nerve root or peripheral nerve leading to ischemia, the response to which is oedema above and below the source of pressure. If the pressure is not relieved, fibrosis tends to develop. Types of nerve compression syndromes are the neuropathy caused by intervertebral disk herniation, compression of the median nerve …

nerve conduction
The transmission of an impulse along a nerve fibre. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve conduction velocity
The rate of impulse conduction in a peripheral nerve or its various component fibres, generally expressed in meters per second. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve deafness
Neural deafness, former terms for sensorineural deafness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve decompression
Release of pressure on a nerve trunk by the surgical excision of constricting bands or widening of a bony canal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical …

nerve ending
Synonym for synapse ... <physiology> A connection between excitable cells, by which an excitation is conveyed from one to the other. ... 1. Chemical synapse: one in which an action potential causes the exocytosis of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic cell, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to ligand gated ion channels on the …

nerve endings
Specialised terminations of peripheral neurons. Nerve endings include neuroeffector junction(s) by which neurons activate target organs and sensory receptors (see receptors, sensory) which transduce information from the various sensory modalities and send it centrally in the nervous system. Presynaptic nerve endings are presynaptic terminals. ... (1 …

nerve fascicle
A bundle of nerve fibres surrounded by perineurium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve fibre
The axon of a nerve cell, ensheathed by oligodendroglia cells in brain and spinal cord, and by Schwann cells in peripheral nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve fibres
Slender processes of neurons, especially the prolonged axons that conduct nerve impulses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nerve fibres, myelinated
Grayish white nerve fibres whose axons are encased in a myelin sheath which may in turn be enclosed by a neurilemma (a thin membrane spirally enwrapping the myelin layers). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nerve field
The regional distribution of nerve terminals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve force
An obsolete terms denoting the property of nerve tissue to conduct stimuli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve graft
A nerve, or part of a nerve, used as a graft. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve growth cone
Synonym for growth cone ... <cell biology> A specialised region at the tip of a growing neurite that is responsible for sensing the local environment and moving toward the neuron's target cell. Growth cones are hand shaped, with several long filopodia that differentially adhere to surfaces in the embryo. Growth cones can be sensitive to severa …

nerve growth factor
<growth factor> A peptide (13.26 kD) of 118 amino acids (usually dimeric) with both chemotropic and chemotrophic properties for sympathetic and sensory neurons. ... Found in a variety of peripheral tissues, nerve growth factor attracts neurites to the tissues by chemotropism, where they form synapses. The successful neurons are then protected …

nerve growth factor antiserum
An antiserum containing antibodies against nerve growth factor; when injected into newborn animals the majority of sympathetic ganglion cells are permanently destroyed, resulting in hypoinnervation of peripheral tissues. ... Synonym: NGF antiserum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve growth factors
Factors which enhance the growth potentialities of sensory and sympathetic nerve cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nerve implantation
Planting one nerve into the sheath of another nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve impulse
An action potential. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nerve net
A meshlike structure composed of interconnecting nerve cells that are separated at the synaptic junction or joined to one another by cytoplasmic processes. In invertebrates, for example, the nerve net allows nerve impulses to spread over a wide area of the net because synapses can pass information in any direction. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nerve of external acoustic meatus
A branch of the auriculotemporal nerve supplying the lining of the external acoustic meatus. ... Synonym: nervus meatus acustici externi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve of pterygoid canal
The nerve constituting the parasympathetic and sympathetic root of the pterygopalatine ganglion; it is formed in the region of the foramen lacerum by the union of the greater superficial petrosal and the deep petrosal nerves, and runs through the pterygoid canal to the pterygopalatine fossa. ... Synonym: nervus canalis pterygoidei, radix facialis, f …

nerve of smell
Synonym for olfactory nerves ... Collective term denoting the numerous olfactory filaments: slender fascicles each composed of the thin, unmyelinated axons of 8 to 12 of the bipolar olfactory receptor cells in the olfactory portion of the nasal mucosa; the olfactory filaments pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and enter the olfact …

nerve of tensor tympani muscle
<anatomy> A branch of the mandibular nerve conveying fibres from the motor root of the trigeminal nerve which pass through the otic ganglion without synapse to supply the tensor tympani muscle. ... Synonym: nervus tensoris tympani. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve of tympanic membrane
Synonym for branch of auriculotemporal nerve to tympanic membrane ... Sensory branch of the auriculotemporal nerve supplying the external surface of the tympanic membrane. ... Synonym: ramus membranae tympani nervi auriculotemporalis, nerve of tympanic membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve pain
An obsolete term for neuralgia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve plexus
A plexus formed by the interlacing of nerves by means of numerous communicating branches. ... Synonym: plexus nervosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve regeneration
Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nerve root
One of the two bundles of nerve fibres (dorsal and ventral roots) emerging from the spinal cord that join to form a single segmental (mixed) spinal nerve; some of the cranial nerves are similarly formed by the union of two roots, in particular the fifth or trigeminal nerve; in the case of the eighth cranial (vestibulocochlear) nerve, each of its tw …

nerve root sleeve
In myelography, the funnel-shaped extension of the opacified subarachnoid space that surrounds each nerve root as it enters its neural foramen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve sheath tumours
Tumours arising in the sheath surrounding the axon of some nerve cells and formed by the plasma membrane of schwann cells in the peripheral nervous sytem and by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Neurofibromas and neurilemmomas are the most commonly occurring tumours of this type. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nerve stroma
The connective tissue supporting structures of peripheral nerve fibres, consisting of endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve suture
Synonym for neurorrhaphy ... Joining together, usually by suture, of the two parts of a divided nerve. ... Synonym: nerve suture, neurosuture. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Rhaphe, suture ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve tissue protein s 100
Highly acidic calcium-binding protein found in large concentration in the brain and believed to be glial in origin; also found in other organs in the body. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nerve to carotid sinus
Synonym for carotid sinus nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve that innervates the baroreceptors in the wall of the carotid sinus and the chemoreceptors in the carotid body. ... Synonym: ramus sinus carotici, carotid sinus branch, Hering's sinus nerve, intercarotid nerve, nerve to carotid sinus, sinus nerve of Herin …

nerve to mylohyoid
Synonym for mylohyoid nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A small branch of the inferior alveolar nerve given off posteriorly just before the nerve enters the mandibular foramen, distributed to the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and to the mylohyoid muscle. ... Synonym: nervus mylohyoideus, nerve to mylohyoid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve to rhomboid
Synonym for dorsal scapular nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> Arises from ventral primary rami of the fifth to seventh cervical nerves and passes downward to supply the levator scapulae and the rhomboideus major and minor muscles. ... Synonym: nervus dorsalis scapulae, dorsal nerve of scapula, nerve to rhomboid, posterior scapular nerve. ... (05 Mar 20 …

nerve to stapedius muscle
<anatomy> A branch of the facial arising in the facial canal and innervating the stapedius muscle. ... Synonym: nervus stapedius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve to thyrohyoid muscle
<anatomy> The thyrohyoid branch, contains fibres of the first and second cervical nerves that have accompanied the hypoglossal nerve to the suprahyoid region, then branch from it to reach the thyrohyoid muscle. ... Synonym: ramus thyrohyoideus ansae cervicalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve tract
A bundle or group of nerve fibres in the brain or spinal cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve transfer
Surgical reinnervation of a denervated peripheral target using a healthy donor nerve and/or its proximal stump. The direct connection is usually made to a healthy postlesional distal portion of a non-functioning nerve or implanted directly into denervated muscle or insensitive skin. Nerve sprouts will grow from the transferred nerve into the denerv …

nerve trunk
A collection of funiculi or bundles of nerve fibres enclosed in a connective tissue sheath, the epineurium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nerve, afferent
A nerve that carries impulses toward the central nervous system. The word afferent hails from the latin ad , toward + ferre , to bear = to carry toward. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nerve, efferent
A nerve that carries impulses away from the central nervous system. The word efferent comes from the latin ex', away or out + ferre , to bear = to bear out or carry away. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nervi
Plural of nervus. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi alveolares superiores
Synonym for superior alveolar nerves ... Three branches (posterior, middle, and anterior) of the maxillary nerve (or its continuation as the infraorbital nerve) that enter the maxilla to supply the mucosa of the maxillary sinus, upper teeth and gingiva. ... Synonym: nervi alveolares superiores, superior dental nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi anococcygei
Synonym for anococcygeal nerves ... Several small nerves arising from the coccygeal plexus, supplying the skin over the coccyx. ... Synonym: nervi anococcygei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi auriculares anteriores
Synonym for anterior auricular nerves ... Branches of the auriculotemporal nerve that supply the tragus and upper part of the auricle. ... Synonym: nervi auriculares anteriores. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi cardiaci thoracici
Synonym for thoracic cardiac nerves ... Part of the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves from the second to fifth segments of the thoracic sympathetic trunk that pass medially and anteriorly to enter the cardiac plexus; they convey postsynaptic sympathetic fibres to, and visceral afferent (pain) fibres from, the heart. ... Synonym: nervi cardiaci thorac …

nervi carotici externi
Synonym for external carotid nerves ... A number of sympathetic nerve fibres conveyed via the cephalic arterial ramus of the sympathetic trunk which extends from the superior cervical ganglion to the external carotid artery, forming the external carotid plexus. ... Synonym: nervi carotici externi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi cavernosi clitoridis
Synonym for cavernous nerves of clitoris ... Nerves corresponding to the cavernous nerves of penis in the male, arising from the vesicular portion of the pelvic plexus. ... Synonym: nervi cavernosi clitoridis, cavernous plexus of clitoris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi cavernosi penis
Synonym for cavernous nerves of penis ... Two nerves, major and minor, derived from the prostatic portion of the pelvic plexus supplying sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres to the helicine arteries and arteriorvenous anastomoses of the corpus cavernosum stimulating erection. ... Synonym: nervi cavernosi penis, cavernous plexus of penis. ... (05 Mar …

nervi cervicales
Synonym for cervical nerves ... Nerves arising from the cervical segments of the spinal cord. ... Synonym: nervi cervicales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi clunium inferiores
Synonym for inferior cluneal nerves ... Branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve emerging from beneath the inferior border of the gluteus maximus to supply the skin of the lower half of the gluteal region. ... Synonym: nervi clunium inferiores. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi clunium medii
Synonym for middle cluneal nerves ... Terminal branches of the dorsal primary rami of the sacral nerves, supplying the skin of the mid-gluteal region. ... Synonym: nervi clunium medii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi clunium superiores
Synonym for superior cluneal nerves ... Terminal branches of the dorsal primary rami of the lumbar nerves, supplying the skin of the upper half of the gluteal region. ... Synonym: nervi clunium superiores. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi craniales
Synonym for cranial nerves ... <anatomy> There are 12 cranial nerves. ... The olfactory nerve, optic nerve, occulomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, trigeminal nerve, abducent nerve, facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve and the hypoglossal nerve. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nervi digitales dorsales
Synonym for dorsal digital nerves of hand ... Terminal branches of the radial and ulnar nerves in the hand supplying the skin of the dorsal surface of the proximal and middle phalanges of the fingers. ... Synonym: nervi digitales dorsales, dorsal digital nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi digitales dorsales pedis
Synonym for dorsal digital nerves of foot ... Nerves supplying the skin of the dorsal aspect of the proximal and middle phalanges of the toes. ... Synonym: nervi digitales dorsales pedis, dorsal nerves of toes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi digitales palmares communes
Synonym for common palmar digital nerves ... Four nerves in the palm that send branches (proper palmar digital nerves) to adjacent sides of two digits; three are branches of the median, one is from the ulnar. ... Synonym: nervi digitales palmares communes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi digitales palmares proprii
Synonym for proper palmar digital nerves ... The palmar nerves of the digits of the hand derived from common palmar digital nerves; each nerve supplies a palmar quadrant of a digit and a part of the dorsal surface of the distal phalanx. ... Synonym: nervi digitales palmares proprii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi digitales plantares communes
Synonym for common plantar digital nerves ... Three nerves derived from the medial plantar and one from the lateral plantar that supply the skin overlying the metatarsals and terminate as proper plantar digital nerves to the side of each toe. ... Synonym: nervi digitales plantares communes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi digitales plantares proprii
Synonym for proper plantar digital nerves ... The ten nerves derived from the common plantar digital nerves; each nerve supplies a plantar quadrant of a toe and part of the dorsal surface of the distal phalanx. ... Synonym: nervi digitales plantares proprii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi erigentes
An alternate term for pelvic splanchnic nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi intercostales
Synonym for intercostal nerves ... The ventral rami of the thoracic nerves from segments t1 through t11. The intercostal nerves supply motor and sensory innervation to the thorax and abdomen. The skin and muscles supplied by a given pair are called, respectively, a dermatome and a myotome. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nervi intercostobrachiales
Synonym for intercostobrachial nerves ... Lateral cutaneous branches of the second and third intercostal nerves which pass to the skin of the medial side of the arm. ... Synonym: nervi intercostobrachiales, intercostohumeral nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi labiales anteriores
Synonym for anterior labial nerves ... Branches of the ilioinguinal nerve distributed to the labia majora, mons pubis and adjacent thigh. ... Synonym: nervi labiales anteriores. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi labiales posteriores
Synonym for posterior labial nerves ... Terminal branches of the superficial perineal nerve, supplying the skin of the posterior portion of the labia and the vestibule of the vagina, corresponding to the posterior scrotal nerves in the male. ... Synonym: nervi labiales posteriores. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi lumbales
Synonym for lumbar nerves ... Five bilaterally-paired nerves emerging from the lumbar portion of the spinal cord; the first four nerves enter into the formation of the lumbar plexus, the fourth and fifth into that of the sacral plexus. ... Synonym: nervi lumbales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi nervorum
Nerves distributed to the sheaths of nerve trunks. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi olfactorii
Synonym for olfactory nerves ... Collective term denoting the numerous olfactory filaments: slender fascicles each composed of the thin, unmyelinated axons of 8 to 12 of the bipolar olfactory receptor cells in the olfactory portion of the nasal mucosa; the olfactory filaments pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and enter the olfact …

nervi palatini minores
Synonym for lesser palatine nerves ... Usually two, these nerves emerge through the lesser palatine foramina and supply the mucosa and glands of the soft palate and uvula; they are branches of the pterygopalatine ganglion and contain postsynaptic parasympathetic and sensory fibres of the maxillary nerve. ... Synonym: nervi palatini minores. ... (05 Ma …

nervi pelvici splanchnici
Synonym for pelvic splanchnic nerves ... Visceral branches from the ventral primary rami of the second, third, and fourth sacral spinal nerves that join the inferior hypogastric plexus, to form the pelvic plexuses to and from which they convey presynaptic parasympathetic and sensory fibres, respectively. ... Synonym: nervi pelvici splanchnici, nervi …

nervi perineales
Synonym for perineal nerves ... The superficial terminal branches of the pudendal nerve, supplying most of the muscles of the perineum (deep branch) as well as the skin of that region (superficial branch). ... Synonym: nervi perineales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi phrenici accessorii
Synonym for accessory phrenic nerves ... Accessory nerve strands that arise from the fifth cervical nerve, often as branches of the nerve to the subclavius, passing downward to join the phrenic nerve. ... Synonym: nervi phrenici accessorii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi pterygopalatini
Synonym for ganglionic branches of maxillary nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The ganglionic branches, two short sensory branches of the maxillary nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa, the fibres of which pass through the pterygopalatine ganglion without synapse. ... Synonym: radix sensoria ganglii pterygopalatini, rami ganglionici nervi maxillaris, ra …

nervi rectales inferiores
Synonym for inferior rectal nerves ... Several branches of the pudendal nerve that pass to the external and sphincter anoderm and skin of the anal region. ... Synonym: nervi rectales inferiores, inferior haemorrhoidal nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi sacrales
Synonym for sacral nerves ... Five nerves issuing from the sacral foramina on either side; the ventral branches of the first three enter into the formation of the sacral plexus, and the last two into the coccygeal plexus. ... Synonym: nervi sacrales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi scrotales anteriores
Synonym for anterior scrotal nerves ... The branches of the ilioinguinal nerve, distributed to the skin of the root of the penis, mons pubis, adjacent thigh and the anterior surface of the scrotum. ... Synonym: nervi scrotales anteriores. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nervi scrotales posteriores
Synonym for posterior scrotal nerves ... Several terminal branches of the superficial perineal nerve supplying the skin of the posterior portion of the scrotum, corresponding to the posterior labial nerves in the female. ... Synonym: nervi scrotales posteriores. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...