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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


nettle
<botany> A plant of the genus Urtica, covered with minute sharp hairs containing a poison that produces a stinging sensation. Urtica gracitis is common in the Northern, and U. Chamaedryoides in the Southern, United States. The common European species, U. Urens and U. Dioica, are also found in the Eastern united States. U. Pilulifera is the Ro …

nettle rash
An obsolete term for urticaria. ... Serum rash, a cutaneous manifestation of serum sickness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nettling hairs
Sharp-pointed barbed hair's of certain caterpillars which cause a dermatitis when brought in contact with the skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neu
<oncogene> An oncogene, identified in a neuroblastoma, encoding a tyrosine protein kinase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Neu-1 sialidase
<enzyme> Isolated from t-cells ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

NeuAc
<abbreviation> N-acetylneuraminic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neubauer, Johann
<person> German anatomist, 1742-1777. ... See: Neubauer's artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neubauer's artery
Synonym for thyroid ima artery ... <anatomy, artery> An inconstant artery; origin, arch of aorta or brachiocephalic artery; distribution, thyroid gland. ... Synonym: arteria thyroidea ima, lowest thyroid artery, Neubauer's artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neuberg ester
Synonym for fructose 6-phosphate ... <biochemistry> A phosphorylated six-carbon sugar formed in the second step of glycolysis by the action of phosphoglucose isomerase on glucose-6-phosphate. In the third step, fructose 6-phospate and ATP are used to create fructose 1,6-biphosphate, ADP and a free hydrogen with the aid of phosphofructokinase.< …

Neufeld capsular swelling
Increase in opacity and visibility of the capsule of capsulated organisms exposed to specific agglutinating anticapsular antibodies. ... Synonym: Neufeld reaction, quellung phenomenon, quellung reaction, quellung test. ... Scrotal swelling, the swelling formed after the embryonic genital swellings have fused together, become spherical, and migrated c …

Neufeld reaction
Synonym for Neufeld capsular swelling ... Increase in opacity and visibility of the capsule of capsulated organisms exposed to specific agglutinating anticapsular antibodies. ... Synonym: Neufeld reaction, quellung phenomenon, quellung reaction, quellung test. ... Scrotal swelling, the swelling formed after the embryonic genital swellings have fused t …

Neufeld, Fred
<person> German bacteriologist, 1869-1945. ... See: Neufeld reaction, Neufeld capsular swelling. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neumann, Ernst
<person> German histologist, anatomist, and pathologist, 1834-1918. ... See: Neumann's cells, Neumann's sheath, Rouget-Neumann sheath. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neumann, Franz
<person> German physicist, 1798-1895. ... See: Neumann's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neumann, Isidor Edler von Heilwart
<person> Austrian dermatologist, 1832-1906. ... See: Neumann's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neumann's cells
Nucleated cell's in the bone marrow developing into red blood cell's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neumann's disease
Synonym for pemphigus vegetans ... A form of pemphigus vulgaris in which vegetations develop on the eroded surfaces left by ruptured bullae; new bullae continue to form. ... Synonym: Neumann's disease. ... A chronic benign vegetating form of pemphigus, with lesions commonly in the axillae and perineum; spontaneous remissions and occasionally permanent …

Neumann's law
In compounds of analogous chemical constitution, the molecular heat, or the product of the specific heat by the atomic weight, is always the same. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neumann's sheath
Synonym for dentinal sheath ... A layer of tissue relatively resistant to the action of acids, which forms the walls of the dentinal tubules. ... Synonym: Neumann's sheath. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuragmia
Rupture or tearing asunder of a nerve. ... Origin: neur-+ G. Agmos, fracture ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neural
1. Pertaining to a nerve or to the nerves. ... 2. Situated in the region of the spinal axis, as the neutral arch. ... Origin: L. Neuralis, Gr. Neuron = nerve ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neural arch
Synonym for vertebral arch ... The posterior projection from the body of a vertebra that encloses the vertebral foramen; it consists of paired pedicles and laminae; the spinous, transverse, and articular processes arise from the arch. In aggregate, the venous arches-and the ligamenta flava that unite them-form the posterior wall of the vertebral (sp …

neural axis
Synonym for cerebrospinal axis ... The central nervous system; the brain and spinal cord. ... Synonym: encephalomyelonic axis, neural axis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neural canal
The canal within the embryonic neural tube; the primordium of the central canal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neural cell adhesion molecule
See: NCAM. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neural crest
A group of embryonic cells that separate from the neural plate during neurulation and migrate to give several different lineages of adult cells: the spinal and autonomic ganglia, the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system and nonneuronal cells, such as chromaffin cells, melanocytes and some haemopoietic cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neural crest syndrome
<syndrome> Syndrome consisting of loss of pain sensibility, autonomic dysfunction, pupillary abnormalities, neurogenic anhidrosis, vasomotor instability, aplasia of dental enamel, meningeal thickening, hyperflexion, and a degree of albinism; may reflect developmental abnormalities of the neural crest. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neural cyst
Synonym for ependymal cyst ... A circumscribed distention of some portion of the central canal of the spinal cord or of the cerebral ventricles. ... Synonym: neural cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neural factor
A protein that can induce the formation of notochord tissue in embryos. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neural fold
A crease that forms in the neural plate during neurulation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neural folds
The elevated margins of the neural groove. ... Synonym: medullary folds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neural ganglion
Synonym for ganglion ... 1. A knot or knotlike mass. ... 2. <anatomy> A general term for a group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system, occasionally applied to certain nuclear groups within the brain or spinal cord, for example basal ganglia. ... 3. <oncology, tumour> A benign cystic tumour occurring on a aponeuro …

neural groove
The gutter-like groove formed in the midline of the embryo's dorsal surface by the progressive elevation of the lateral margins of the neural plate; the ultimate dorsal fusion of the margins results in the formation of the neural tube. ... Synonym: medullary groove. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neural induction
In vertebrates the formation of the nervous system from the ectoderm of the early embryo as a result of a signal from the underlying mesoderm of the archenteron roof, also called primary neural induction. The mechanism of neural induction is not yet clear. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neural layer of optic retina
See: retina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neural layer of retina
Synonym for cerebral layer of retina ... The internal layer of the retina containing the neural elements, as distinguished from the outer leaf of the retina, or pigmented layer. ... Synonym: pars optica retinae, neural layer of retina, optic part of retina, stratum cerebrale retinae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neural networks
A computer architecture, implementable in either hardware or software, modeled after biological neural networks. ... Like the biological system in which the processing capability is a result of the interconnection strengths between arrays of nonlinear processing nodes, computerised neural networks, often called perceptrons or multilayer connectionis …

neural part of hypophysis
Synonym for neurohypophysis ... It is composed of the infundibulum and the nervous lobe of hypophysis. ... See: hypophysis. ... Synonym: lobus posterior hypophyseos, neural part of hypophysis, pars nervosa hypophyseos, posterior lobe of hypophysis. ... Origin: neuro-+ hypophysis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neural pathway
<anatomy> Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neural plate
<embryology> A region of embryonic ectodermal cells, called neuroectoderm, that lie directly above the notochord. ... During neurulation, they change shape, so as to produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube. ... (04 Jul 1999) ...

neural retina
<embryology> Layer of nerve cells in the retina, embryologically part of the brain. ... The incoming light passes through nerve fibres and intermediary nerve cells of the neural retina, before encountering the light sensitive rods and cones at the interface between neural retina and the pigmented retinal epithelium. ... (04 Jul 1999) ...

neural segment
Synonym for neuromere ... Alternate swellings and constrictions seen along the neuraxis at early stages of neural tube development, thought to be evidence of intrinsic segmentation in the CNS. Neuromeres or segments in the hindbrain region are called rhombomeres and have been shown to be lineage restriction units, each constructing a defined piece o …

neural spine
The middle point of the neural arch of the typical vertebra, represented by the spinous process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neural tube
<embryology> The progenitor of the central nervous system. ... See: neural plate, neurulation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neural tube defect
<neurology, paediatrics> Abnormal development during embryonic life of the neural tube producing congenital malformations of the nervous system due to closure failure of the neural tube. ... The structure gives rise to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), and failure to close results in anencephaly (absence of the cranial va …

neuralgia
<symptom> Paroxysmal pain which extends along the course of one or more nerves. ... Many varieties of neuralgia are distinguished according to the part affected or to the cause, as brachial, facial, occipital, supraorbital, etc. Or anaemic, diabetic, gouty, malarial, syphilitic, etc. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neuralgia facialis vera
Synonym for geniculate neuralgia ... A severe paroxysmal lancinating pain deep in the ear, on the anterior wall of the external meatus, and on a small area just in front of the pinna. ... Synonym: geniculate otalgia, Hunt's neuralgia, neuralgia facialis vera. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuralgic
Relating to, resembling, or of the character of, neuralgia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuralgic amyotrophy
A neurological disorder, of unknown cause, characterised by the sudden onset of severe pain, usually about the shoulder and often beginning at night, soon followed by weakness and wasting of various forequarter muscles, particularly shoulder girdle muscles; both sporadic and familial in occurrence with the former much more common; often preceded by …

neuralgiform
Resembling or of the character of neuralgia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuraminic acid
<chemical> Sometimes known as sialic acid, but strictly one of a family of sialic acids (which includes also N glycolyl neuraminic acid and O substituted derivatives). ... It is a 9 carbon sugar formed by adding to mannose three carbons from pyruvate. Occurs in the subset of glycolipids known as gangliosides and in glycoproteins. ... The presen …

neuraminidase
<enzyme> Enzyme catalysing cleavage of neuraminic acid residues from oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids. ... Since these residues are usually terminal, neuraminidases are generally exo enzymes, although an endoneuraminidase is known. ... For use as a laboratory reagent, common sources are from bacteria such as Vibrio or Clo …

neuramoebimeter
An instrument for measuring the rapidity of response of a nerve to any stimulus. ... Origin: neur-+ G. Amoibe, exchange, return, answer, + metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuranagenesis
Regeneration of a nerve. ... Origin: neur-+ G. Ana, up, again, + genesis, origin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurapraxia
The mildest type of focal nerve lesion that produces clinical deficits; localised loss of conduction along a nerve without axon degeneration; caused by a focal lesion, usually demyelinating, and followed by a complete recovery. Term often misspelled (neuropraxia), and often used, incorrectly, as a synonym for nerve lesion. ... See: axonotmesis. ... O …

neurarchy
The dominant action of the nervous system over the physical processes of the body. ... Origin: neur-+ G. Arche, dominion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurasthenia gravis
A condition of extreme and lasting neurasthenia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurasthenia praecox
A form of nervous exhaustion appearing in the adolescent period. ... Synonym: primary neurasthenia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurasthenic
Relating to, or suffering from, neurasthenia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurasthenic helmet
A feeling of pressure over the entire cranium in certain cases of neurasthenia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurasthenic personality
An obsolete term for a condition characterised by some of the following features: poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, and feelings of hopelessness. In its most severe form it may become a chronic disturbance of mood called dysthymia (depress …

neuraxin
<protein> Protein associated with neuronal microtubules. Structurally related to MAP 1B. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neuraxis
The neural axis of the body, the brain and spinal cord. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neuraxon
An obsolete term for axon. ... Origin: neur-+ G. Axon, axis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurectasis
The operation of stretching a nerve or nerve trunk. ... Synonym: neurotension. ... Origin: neur-+ G. Ektasis, extension ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurectomy
<procedure> Excision of a segment of a nerve. ... Synonym: neuroectomy. ... Origin: neur-+ G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurectopia
1. Dislocation of a nerve trunk. ... 2. A condition in which a nerve follows an anomalous course. ... Origin: neur-+ G. Ektopos, fr. Ek, out of, + topos, place ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuregulin
<protein> Growth factor of the EGF family that induces growth and differentiation of epithelial, glial and muscle cells in culture. Receptor is a tyrosine kinase: will bind erbB3 which will heterodimerise with erbB2. Gene disruption is lethal during embryogenesis with heart malformation and defects in Schwann cells and neural ganglia. Nature, …

neurenteric canal
A transitory communication between the neural tube, notochordal canal, and gut endoderm in vertebrate embryos, including humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurenteric cysts
Paravertebral cysts commonly connected to the meninges or a portion of the gastrointestinal tract that develop due to incomplete separation of endoderm from the notochord during early foetal life; often symptomatic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurepithelium
Synonym for neuroepithelium ... neuroectoderm ...

neurergic
Relating to the activity of a nerve. ... Origin: neur-+ G. Ergon, work ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurexeresis
Tearing out or evulsion of a nerve. ... Origin: neur-+ G. Exairesis, a taking out, fr. Haireo, to grasp, take ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurexin
<protein> Synaptic cell surface proteins related to _ latrotoxin receptor, laminin and agrin. at least 180 transcripts from at least two genes. Cell recognition molecules at nerve terminal. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neuridin
<chemical> A nontoxic base, found in the putrescent matters of flesh, fish, decaying cheese, etc. ... Structure: C5H14N2 ... Origin: From Neurine. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

neuridine
Synonym for spermine ... <biochemistry> Polybasic amine. Found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses. Involved in nucleic acid packaging. Synthesis is regulated by ornithine decarboxylase which plays a key role in control of DNA replication. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurilemma cells
Synonym for schwann cells ... Neuroglial cells of the peripheral nervous system which form the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neurilemmoma
An encapsulated neoplasm in which the fundamental component is structurally identical to a syncytium of schwann cells. It is thought to arise from the neural crest. By convention the 'benign' schwannoma is preferably known as neurilemmoma and the 'true' or malignant schwannoma is designated simply as schwannoma. Although it is the most common malig …

neurilemoma
Synonym for schwannoma ... <tumour> A benign, encapsulated neoplasm in which the fundamental component is structurally identical to a syncytium of Schwann cells; the neoplastic cells proliferate within the endoneurium, and the perineurium forms the capsule. The neoplasm may originate from a peripheral or sympathetic nerve, or from various cran …

neurimotility
Synonym for nervimotility ... Capability of movement in response to a nervous stimulus. ... Synonym: neurimotility. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurine
<physiology> A poisonous organic base (a ptomaine) formed in the decomposition of protagon with boiling baryta water, and in the putrefraction of proteid matter. ... It was for a long time considered identical with choline, a crystalline body originally obtained from bile. Chemically, however, choline is oxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide, …

neurinoma
<tumour> Obsolete term for schwannoma. ... Acoustic neurinoma, obsolete term for acoustic schwannoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurit
Neurite ... An obsolete term for axon. ... Origin: G. Neurites, of a nerve ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurite
<cell biology> A process growing out of a neuron. As it is hard to distinguish a dendrite from an axon in culture, the term neurite is is used for both. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

neurites
In tissue culture, hairlike projections of neurons stimulated by growth factors and other molecules. These projections may go on to form a branched tree of dendrites or a single axon or they may be reabsorbed at a later stage of development. 'neurite' may refer to any filamentous or pointed outgrowth of an embryonal or tissue-culture neural cell.
neuritic
Relating to neuritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuritic atrophy
Synonym for trophoneurotic atrophy ... Abnormalities of the skin, hair, nails, subcutaneous tissues and bone, caused by peripheral nerve lesions. ... Synonym: neuritic atrophy, neurogenic atrophy, neurotrophic atrophy, trophic changes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuritic plaque
<cell biology> Abnormal cluster of dead and dying nerve cells, other brain cells and protein. ... Neuritic plaques are one of the characteristic structural abnormalities found in the brains of alzheimer patients. Upon autopsy, the presence of neuritic plaques andneurofibrillary tangles is used to positively diagnose Alzheimer's disease. ... (22 …

neuritis
<clinical sign> Inflammation of a nerve, a condition attended by pain and tenderness over the nerves, anaesthesia and paraesthesias, paralysis, wasting and disappearance of the reflexes. In practice, the term is also used to denote noninflammatory lesions of the peripheral nervous system. ... If the involvement is in one nerve it is called mon …

neuritis, experimental allergic
An autoimmune demyelinating disorder of peripheral nerves produced by injection of peripheral nerve tissue protein. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neuro
<anatomy, prefix> A combining denoting a nerve, of or pertaining to a nerve, nerve tissue or the nervous system. ... Origin: Gr. neuron. ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

neuro-oncologist
<specialist> An physician who specialises in treating patients with brain tumours, and/or the consequences of cancer upon the nervous system. The physician may be a trained neurologist, oncologist or neurosurgeon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuro-oncology
The branch of medicine concerned with the direct and indirect effects of neoplasms on the nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. ... Origin: neuro-+ onco-+ G. Logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuro-ophthalmology
That branch of medicine concerned with the neurological aspects of the visual apparatus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuro-otology
The branch of medicine concerned with the neurological aspects of the auditory and vestibular apparatus. ... Synonym: neurotology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroallergy
<immunology> An allergic reaction in nervous tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroanastomosis
<procedure, surgery> Surgical formation of a junction between nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroanatomy
<anatomy> Study of the anatomy of the nervous system as a specialty or discipline. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neuroarthropathy
<rheumatology> A joint disorder caused by loss of joint sensation. ... See: Charcot's joint. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Arthron, joint, + pathos, suffering, disease ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroaugmentation
<physiology> Use of electrical stimulation to supplement activity of the nervous system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...