Copy of `mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.


 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


Nicol
William, Scottish physicist, 1768-1851. ... See: Nicol prism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nicol prism
<physics> A prism, used for polarizing or analysing light, made by cementing together, with Canada balsam, two pieces of calcite in such a way that the extraordinary ray from the first piece passes through the second piece while the ordinary ray is reflected to the side into an absorbing layer of black paint. When two Nicol prisms are crossed …

Nicolas
Joseph, French physician, *1868. ... See: Nicolas-Favre disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nicolas-Favre disease
Synonym for venereal lymphogranuloma ... A venereal infection usually caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, and characterised by a transient genital ulcer and inguinal adenopathy in the male; in the female, perirectal lymph nodes are involved and rectal stricture is a common occurrence. ... Synonym: climatic bubo, Favre-Durand-Nicholas disease, lymphogran …

Nicolle
J.H., French microbiologist and Nobel laureate, 1866-1936. ... See: Nicolle's white mycetoma, Nicolle's stain for capsules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nicolle's stain
<technique> For capsules, stain in a mixture of a saturated solution of gentian violet in alcohol-phenol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nicolle's white mycetoma
Mycetoma caused by a species of Aspergillus, and producing relatively large granules, about the size of a pea; infection occurs from barley grain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nicotinamidase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of nicotinamide to nicotinate and ammonia. ... Chemical name: Nicotinamide amidohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.19 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nicotinamide
<biochemistry> Member of the water soluble B vitamin group, used in the production of fatty acids, steroids and cholesterol, deficiency is known as pellagra. Has cholesterol-lowering and vasodilating properties. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Synonym for NAD ... <enzyme> Coenzymes that act as electron and hydrogen carriers in some oxidation-reduction reactions. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

nicotinamide methyltransferase
<enzyme> Catalyses reversibly the methylation of nicotinamide in the presence of s-adenosylmethionine to yield 1-methylnicotinamide and s-adenosylhomocysteine ... Registry number: EC 2.1.1.1 ... Synonym: nicotinamide methylase, nicotinamide-s-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

nicotinamide mononucleotide
<chemical> 3-carbamoyl-1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl pyridinium hydroxide-5'phosphate, inner salt. A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-n-glycosidic linkage with the c-1 position of d-ribose. ... Synonym: nicotinamide ribonucleotide; nmn. ... Chemical name: Pyridinium, 3-(aminocarbonyl)-1-(5-O-phosphono-beta-D-ribofuran …

nicotinamide riboside kinase
<enzyme> Phosphorylates 3-deazaguanosine and tiazofurin ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

nicotinate
Salt or ester of nicotinic acid; some nicotinate's are used in ointments as rubefacients. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nicotine
<drug> A plant alkaloid from tobacco, blocks transmission at nicotinic synapses. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nicotine dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Mo-pterin-fe-s cluster- and fad-dependent enzyme composed of 3 unequal polypeptides; catalyses the conversion of nicotine, acceptor, and water to (s)-6-hydroxynicotine and reduced acceptor ... Registry number: EC 1.5.99.4 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

nicotine oxidase
<enzyme> Cytochrome p-450 enzyme ... Registry number: EC 1.5.3.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

nicotine stomatitis
Heat stimulated lesions, usually on the palate, that begin with erythema and progress to multiple white papules with a red dot in the centre. The red dot represents a dilated, inflamed salivary duct orifice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nicotinehydroxamic acid methiodide
An effective cholinesterase reactivator, with actions that are most marked at the skeletal neuromuscular junction; antidotal effects are less striking at autonomic effector sites, and insignificant in the central nervous system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Integral membrane protein of the postsynaptic membrane to which acetylcholine binds. The receptor contains an integral ion channel, as a result of binding of acetylcholine, ion channels in the subsynaptic membrane are opened. at the neuromuscular junction, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor initiates muscle contraction. Currently the best charact …

nicotinic acid
A precursor of NAD, that is a product of the oxidation of nicotine. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nicotinic acid amide
Synonym for nicotinamide ... <biochemistry> Member of the water soluble B vitamin group, used in the production of fatty acids, steroids and cholesterol, deficiency is known as pellagra. Has cholesterol-lowering and vasodilating properties. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

nicotinic acid maculopathy
Maculopathy observed in persons taking 3000 mg or more of nicotinic acid daily; normal vision returns after this medication is discontinued. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nicotinic acids
2-, 3-, or 4-pyridinecarboxylic acids. Pyridine derivatives substituted with a carboxy group at the 2-, 3-, or 4-position. The 3-carboxy derivative (niacin) is active as a vitamin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nicotinic agonists
Drugs that bind to and activate nicotinic cholinergic receptors (receptors, nicotinic). Nicotinic agonists act at postganglionic nicotinic receptors, at neuroeffector junctions in the peripheral nervous system, and at nicotinic receptors in the central nervous system. Agents that function as neuromuscular depolarising blocking agents are included h …

nicotinic alcohol
Synonym for nicotinyl alcohol ... <chemical> 3-pyridinemethanol. A direct-acting peripheral vasodilator that causes flushing and may decrease blood pressure. It is used in vasospasm and threatened gangrene. ... Pharmacological action: vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: 3-Pyridinemethanol ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nicotinic antagonists
Drugs that bind to nicotinic cholinergic receptors (receptors, nicotinic) and block the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists. Nicotinic antagonists block synaptic transmission at autonomic ganglia, the skeletal neuromuscular junction, and at central nervous system nicotinic synapses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nicotinic cholinergic receptor
A class of receptors responsive to acetylcholine that also are activated by nicotine; ganglionic (including the adrenal medulla) and neuromuscular receptors. Two classes exist: nicotinic-neuronal and nicotinic-muscular. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nicotinic receptors
A class of cholinergic receptors on skeletal muscle cells that are linked to ion channels in the cell membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nicotinomimetic
Mimicking the action of nicotine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nicotinyl alcohol
<chemical> 3-pyridinemethanol. A direct-acting peripheral vasodilator that causes flushing and may decrease blood pressure. It is used in vasospasm and threatened gangrene. ... Pharmacological action: vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: 3-Pyridinemethanol ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nicotinyl tartrate
3-Pyridinemethanol tartrate;a relatively weak peripheral vasodilator related to nicotinic acid; used in peripheral vascular disorders such as Raynaud's disease, acrocyanosis, and chilblains. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nicoumalone
Synonym for acenocoumarol ... <chemical> A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of warfarin. ... Pharmacological action: anticoagulant. ... Chemical name: 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 4-hydroxy-3-(1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-oxobutyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nictation
Synonym for nictitation ... Winking. ... Synonym: nictation. ... Origin: L. Nicto, pp. -atus, to wink, fr. Nico, to beckon ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nictitating membrane
A transparent fold of skin lying deep to the other eyelids at the mesial side, which may be drawn over the front of the eyeball. It is the so-called third eyelid, found in reptiles and birds generally and in many mammals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nictitating spasm
Involuntary spasmodic winking. ... Synonym: spasmus nictitans, winking spasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nictitation
Winking. ... Synonym: nictation. ... Origin: L. Nicto, pp. -atus, to wink, fr. Nico, to beckon ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nidal
Relating to a nidus, or nest. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nidation
Implantation of the conceptus in the endometrium. ... Origin: L. Nidus = nest ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

NIDDM
<abbreviation> Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nidogen
Synonym for entactin ... <protein> A dumbbell shaped 150 kD sulphated glycoprotein that is found in all basement membranes. It binds to laminin, forming a very stable 1:1 complex (KD = 10nM) and almost all laminin preparations contain entactin. The N terminal globular domain can self aggregate, whilst the C terminal globular domain binds to th …

nidus
<zoology> A nest: a repository for the eggs of birds, insects, etc.; a breeding place; especially, the place or substance where parasites or the germs of a disease effect lodgment or are developed. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

nidus avis
A deep depression on each side of the inferior surface of the cerebellum, between the uvula and the biventral lobe, in which the tonsil rests. ... Synonym: nidus hirundinis. ... Origin: L. Bird's nest ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nidus hirundinis
Synonym for nidus avis ... A deep depression on each side of the inferior surface of the cerebellum, between the uvula and the biventral lobe, in which the tonsil rests. ... Synonym: nidus hirundinis. ... Origin: L. Bird's nest ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nieden's syndrome
<syndrome> Multiple telangiectasis of the face, forearms, and hands, with cataract and aortic stenosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Niemann disease
Synonym for Niemann-Pick disease ... <disease> A family of severe lysosomal storage diseases resulting in an accumulation of sphingomyelin and other phospholipids in the reticuloendothelial system. ... The best studied forms are due to deficiency of sphingomyelinase and it is more common in Ashkenazi Jews than other groups. ... Clinical signs in …

Niemann-Pick cell
Synonym for Pick cell ... A relatively large, rounded or polygonal, mononuclear cell, with indistinctly or palely staining, foamlike cytoplasm that contains numerous droplets of a phosphatide, sphingomyelin; such cell's are widely distributed in the spleen and other tissues, especially those rich in reticuloendothelial components, in patients with N …

Niemann-Pick disease
<disease> A family of severe lysosomal storage diseases resulting in an accumulation of sphingomyelin and other phospholipids in the reticuloendothelial system. ... The best studied forms are due to deficiency of sphingomyelinase and it is more common in Ashkenazi Jews than other groups. ... Clinical signs include foam cells in the blood and ma …

Niemann, Albert
<person> German physician, 1880-1921. ... See: Niemann-Pick cell, Niemann-Pick disease, Niemann disease, Niemann's splenomegaly. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Niemann's splenomegaly
Enlargement of spleen occurring in Niemann-Pick disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Niewenglowski rays
Radiation emitted from a phosphorescent body after exposure to sunlight. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Niewenglowski, Gaston
<person> 19th century French scientist. ... See: Niewenglowski rays. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nif gene
<molecular biology> The complex of genes in nitrogen fixing bacteria that code for the proteins required for nitrogen fixation, particularly the nitrogenase. ... Present as an operon in Klebsiella and carried on plasmid in Rhizobium which inhabit the roots of leguminous plants. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

nifedipine
<drug> A calcium channel blocker (346 D) used experimentally and as a coronary vasodilator. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nifedipine oxidase
<enzyme> Cytochrome p-450 isozyme induced by pregnenolone 16alpha-carbonitrile ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... Synonym: cytochrome p-450(pcn1), cytochrome p-450 hpcn3, cytochrome p450p, cytochrome IIIa1, cytochrome p-450 (pcna), cytochrome p-450 3a4, cyt p450 3a4, cytochrome p450 3a1, cyp3a1, cyp3a4, p450 3a4, cytochrome p-450(pcn) ... (26 …

nifenazone
N-Antipyrinylnicotinamide;an analgesic and antipyretic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

niflumic acid
<chemical> 2-(3-trifluoromethylanilino)nicotinic acid. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. ... Pharmacological action: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, cyclooxygenase inhibitors. ... Chemical name: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 2-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nifuraldezone
5-Nitro-2-furaldehyde semioxamazone;an antibacterial agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nifuratel
<chemical> Local antiprotozoal and antifungal agent that may also be given orally. It is used for vaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis. ... Pharmacological action: antifungal agents, antitrichomonal agents. ... Chemical name: 2-Oxazolidinone, 5-((methylthio)methyl)-3-(((5-nitro-2-furanyl)methylene)amino)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nifuroxime
Anti-5-nitro-2-furaldoxime;a furan derivative, principally effective against Candida albicans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nifurtimox
<chemical> 4-(5-nitrofurfurylidenamino)-3-methylthiomorpholine-1,1-dioxide. Possibly effective against parasites. ... Synonym: lampit; bayer 2502. ... Chemical name: 4-Thiomorpholinamine, 3-methyl-N-((5-nitro-2-furanyl)methylene)-, 1,1-dioxide ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nigedase
<chemical> Lipolytic cpd from the seeds of love-in-a-mist nigella damascena ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

niger
A republic in western africa, north of nigeria and west of chad. Its capital is niamey. It was first explored by the europeans in the late 18th century. It became part of the french sphere of influence in the latter part of the 19th century and was formally constituted as part of french west africa in 1904. Nigeria gained independence in 1960. The …

nigeria
A republic in western africa, south of niger between benin and cameroon. Its capital is lagos. From the time it was visited in the 18th and 19th centuries by many european explorers, figuring in its administrative history were great britain, the native king, sierra leone, and the gold coast colony. Nigeria gained independence in 1960, becoming a re …

nigericin
<chemical> An ionophore capable of acting as a carrier for K or Rb or as an exchange carrier for H with K. Originally used as an antibiotic. Has been used in investigating chemiosmosis and other transport systems. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nigerose
3-O-alpha-d-Glucopyranosyl-d-glucose;a disaccharide obtained by the hydrolysis of amylopectins, consisting of two d-glucose residues bound in an a1-3 linkage. ... Origin: fr. Nigeran, a polysaccharide synthesised by Aspergillus niger ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nigh
1. Not distant or remote in place or time; near. 'The loud tumult shows the battle nigh.' (Prior) ... 2. Not remote in degree, kindred, circumstances, etc.; closely allied; intimate. 'Nigh kinsmen.' 'Ye . Are made nigh by the blood of Christ.' (Eph. Ii. 13) ... Synonym: Near, close, adjacent, contiguous, present, neighboring. ... Origin: OE. Nigh, nei …

night
Origin: OE. Night, niht, AS. Neaht, niht; akin to D. Nacht, OS. & OHG. Naht, G. Nacht, Icel. Ntt, Sw. Natt, Dan. Nat, Goth. Nachts, Lith. Naktis, Russ. Noche, W. Nos, Ir. Nochd, L. Nox, noctis, gr, Skr. Nakta, nakti. ... Cf. Equinox, Nocturnal. ... 1. That part of the natural day when the sun is beneath the horizon, or the time from sunset to sun …

night blindness
Failure or imperfection of vision at night or in dim light, with good vision only on bright days. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

night care
Institutional night care of patients. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

night hospital
A special facility, or an arrangement within a hospital setting, providing treatment and lodging at night for patients able to work in the community during the day. ... Compare: day hospital. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

night myopia
In dark adaptation the eye becomes more sensitive to shorter wave lengths (Purkinje shift), and visual acuity depends on parafoveal blue cones. Shorter wavelengths come into focus in front of the retina, and this chromatic aberration accounts for some of the relative myopia that a normal eye experiences at night; much of the remainder is due to an …

night pain
Synonym for nyctalgia ... Denoting especially the osteocopic pains of syphilis occurring at night. ... Synonym: night pain. ... Origin: nyct-+ G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

night sight
Synonym for haemralopia ... <ophthalmology> Day blindness, defective vision in a bright light. ... Origin: Gr. Hemera = day, alaos = blind ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

night sweats
Profuse sweating at night, occurring in pulmonary tuberculosis and other chronic debilitating affections with low-grade fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

night vision
Synonym for scotopic vision ... Vision when the eye is dark-adapted. ... See: dark adaptation, dark-adapted eye. ... Synonym: night vision, rod vision, scotopia, twilight vision. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

night-terrors
A disorder allied to nightmare, occurring in children, in which the child awakes screaming with fright, the distress persisting for a time during a state of semiconsciousness. ... Synonym: pavor nocturnus, sleep terror. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nightguard
A device used to stabilise the teeth and reduce the traumatic effects of bruxism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nightingale
1. <zoology> A small, plain, brown and gray European song bird (Luscinia luscinia). It sings at night, and is celebrated for the sweetness of its song. ... 2. <zoology> A larger species (Lucinia philomela), of Eastern Europe, having similar habits; the thrush nightingale. The name is also applied to other allied species. Mock nightingale …

nightmare
1. A fiend or incubus formerly supposed to cause trouble in sleep. ... 2. A condition in sleep usually caused by improper eating or by digestive or nervous troubles, and characterised by a sense of extreme uneasiness or discomfort (as of weight on the chest or stomach, impossibility of motion or speech, etc), or by frightful or oppressive dreams, fr …

nightshade
<botany> A common name of many species of the genus Solanum, given especially. To the Solanum nigrum, or black nightshade, a low, branching weed with small white flowers and black berries reputed to be poisonous. Deadly nightshade. Same as Belladonna . Enchanter's nightshade. See Enchanter. Stinking nightshade. See Henbane. Three-leaved night …

nightstick fracture
<orthopaedics> A fracture of the ulna. Named because of the injury that results when attempting to block the downward blow of a nightstick with the raised forearm. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

nigra
In neuroanatomy, the substantia nigra. ... Origin: L. Fr. Niger, black ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nigricans
Blackish. ... Origin: L. Fr. Niger, black ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nigrities
A black pigmentation. ... Origin: L. Blackness, fr. Niger, black ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nigrities linguae
Synonym for black tongue ... In canines, a disorder associated with a deficency of nicotinic acid. ... Black to yellowish brown discoloration of the dorsum of the tongue due to staining by exogenous material such as the components of tobacco; usually superimposed on hairy tongue. ... Synonym: lingua nigra, melanoglossia, nigrities linguae. ... (05 Mar …

nigromancie
Synonym for necromancy ... The art of revealing future events by means of a pretended communication with the dead; the black art; hence, magic in general; conjuration; enchantment. See Black art. 'This palace standeth in the air, By necromancy placed there.' (Drayton) ... Origin: OE. Nigromaunce, nigromancie, OF. Nigromance, F. Necromance, necromanci …

nigrosin
Nigrosine ... A variable mixture of blue-black aniline dyes; used as a histologic stain for nervous tissue and as a negative stain for studying bacteria and spirochetes; also used to discriminate between live and dead cells in dye-exclusion staining. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nigrospora
A genus of rapidly growing fungi that produces shiny, black conidia in cultures; it is a common contaminant in laboratory cultures and is nonpathogenic for humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nigrostriatal
Referring to the efferent connection of the substantia nigra with the striatum. ... See: substantia nigra. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

NIH
The National Institutes of Health. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

NIH 3T3 cell
<cell culture> Very widely used mouse fibroblast cell line, 3T3 cells have been derived from different mouse strains and it is therefore important to define the particular cell line. NIH strain were from the National Institute of Health in the USA. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nihilism
1. In psychiatry, the delusion of the nonexistence of everything, especially of the self or part of the self. ... 2. Engagement in acts which are totally destructive to one's own purposes and those of one's group. ... Origin: L. Nihil, nothing ... Therapeutic nihilism, a disbelief in the efficacy or value of therapy, as of drugs, psychotherapy, etc.
nihilistic delusion
Synonym for delusion of negation ... A delusion in which one imagines that the world and all that relates to it have ceased to exist. ... Synonym: nihilistic delusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nikethamide
<chemical> A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. ... Pharmacological action: central nervous system stimulants, convulsants. ... Chemical name: 3-Pyridinecarboxamide, N,N-diethyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Nikiforoff
Mikhail, Russian dermatologist, 1858-1915. ... See: Nikiforoff's method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nikiforoff's method
The fixing of blood films by immersion for 5 to 15 minutes in absolute alcohol, a mixture of equal parts of alcohol and ether, or pure ether. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nikolsky
Pyotr V., Russian dermatologist, 1858-1940. ... See: Nikolsky's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nikolsky's sign
<clinical sign> A peculiar vulnerability of the skin in pemphigus vulgaris; the apparently normal epidermis may be separated at the basal layer and rubbed off when pressed with a sliding motion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nil
Nothing, zero. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...