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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

nevus sebaceus
Congenital papillary acanthosis of the epidermis, with hyperplasia of sebaceous glands developing at puberty and presence of apocrine glands in non-apocrine areas of the skin (commonly the scalp). A variety of epithelial tumours may arise from a nevus sebaceus in adult life, most commonly basal cell carcinoma. ... Synonym: Jadassohn's nevus, organoi …

nevus spilus
A form of (flat) nevus pigmentosus. ... Synonym: spilus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevus unius lateris
A congenital systematised linear nevus limited to one side of the body or to portions of the extremities on one side; lesions are often extensive, forming wave-like bands on the trunk and spiraling streaks on the extremities. ... Synonym: linear epidermal nevus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevus vascularis
Synonym for capillary haemangioma ... <dermatology> Red or purple-coloured vascular skin markings that develop shortly after birth. Most are usually painless and benign and sharply demarcated from surrounding skin, usually located on the head and neck, and grow rapidly. ... It is caused by proliferation of immature capillary vessels in active s …

nevus venosus
A nevus formed of a patch of dilated venules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevus, blue
A benign nevus, usually solitary, representing a localised proliferation of dermal melanocytes, which is manifested by a dark blue to black, moderately firm, rounded, sharply defined nodular tumour composed of spindle-shaped melanocytes with slender cytoplasmic processes, occurring often in association with melanin-laden macrophages in a sclerotic …

nevus, epithelioid and spindle cell
A benign compound nevus occurring most often in children before puberty, composed of spindle and epithelioid cells located mainly in the dermis, sometimes in association with large atypical cells and multinucleate cells, and having a close histopathological resemblance to malignant melanoma. The tumour presents as a smooth to slightly scaly, round …

nevus, intradermal
A nevus in which nests of melanocytes are found in the dermis, but not at the epidermal-dermal junction. Benign pigmented nevi in adults are most commonly intradermal. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nevus, pigmented
A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nevus, spindle cell
A form of pigmented nevus showing intense melanocytic activity around the dermo-epidermal junction. Large numbers of spindle-shaped melanocytes proliferate downward toward the dermis and usually a large amount of pigment is present. It was first described in 1976 and the bulk of patients reported have been young females with the lesions presenting …

new
1. Having existed, or having been made, but a short time; having originated or occured lately; having recently come into existence, or into one's possession; not early or long in being; of late origin; recent; fresh; modern; opposed to old, as, a new coat; a new house; a new book; a new fashion. 'Your new wife.' ... 2. Not before seen or known, alth …

new brunswick
A province of eastern canada, one of the maritime provinces with nova scotia, prince edward island, and sometimes newfoundland. Its capital is fredericton. It was named in honor of king george III, of the house of hanover, also called brunswick. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

new caledonia
A group of islands in melanesia constituting a french overseas territory. The group includes new caledonia (the main island), ile des pins, loyalty island, and several other islet groups. The capital is noumea. It was discovered by captain cook in 1774 and visited by various navigators, explorers, and traders from 1792 to 1840. Occupied by the fren …

new combination
The new name that results from the transfer of a microorganism from one genus to another; the generic name changes but, in most cases, the specific epithet remains the same. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

new duck disease
Synonym for infectious serositis ... A contagious disease of young ducks and turkeys caused by the bacterium Pasteurella anatipestifer and characterised in ducks by ocular and nasal discharges, coughing and sneezing, and incoordination, and in turkeys by dyspnea, droopiness, lameness, and a twisted neck. ... Synonym: new duck disease. ... (05 Mar 2000 …

new england
The geographic area of new england in general and when the specific state or states are not indicated. States usually included in this region are maine, new hampshire, vermont, massachusetts, connecticut, and rhode island. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

new growth
Synonym for neoplasm ... <oncology, pathology> New and abnormal growth of tissue, which may be benign or cancerous. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

new guinea
Originally an island of the malay archipelago, the second largest island in the world. It divided, west new guinea becoming part of indonesia and east new guinea becoming papua new guinea. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

New Hampshire rule
Pioneering American test of criminal responsibility (1871): 'if the [criminal] act was the offspring of insanity, a criminal intent did not produce it.' ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

new methylene blue
A basic thiazin dye, C18H22N3SCl, used for supravital staining of reticulocytes in blood smears. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

new mutation
Redundant term for a heritable trait present in the offspring but in neither parent, i.e., not a pre-existing mutant form inherited. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

new south wales
A state in southeastern Australia. Its capital is sydney. It was discovered by captain cook in 1770 and first settled at botany bay by marines and convicts in 1788. It was named by captain cook who thought its coastline resembled that of south wales. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

New World leishmaniasis
Synonym for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis ... A grave disease caused by Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis, endemic in southern Mexico and Central and South America, except for the equatorial region of Chile; the organism does not invade the viscera, and the disease is limited to the skin and mucous membranes, the lesions resembling the sores of cut …

new yellow enzyme
The d-amino-acid oxidase found in yeast, a flavoenzyme, which contains FAD as coenzyme instead of FMN as does NADPH dehydrogenase; so-called to distinguish it from Warburg's old yellow enzyme. ... Compare: amino acid oxidases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

New Zealand mice
Inbred strains of mice, either black (NZB) or white (NZW), unique among strains used in experimental immunology because of their proclivity to spontaneous immunologic abnormalities and disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus similar to that found in humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

newberyite
MgHPO4-3H2O;the trihydrate of magnesium hydrogen phosphate; found in some renal calculi. ... Compare: bobierrite, struvite. ... Origin: J. Cosmo Newberry, Australian mineralogist, + -ite 4. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

newborn
neonatal, neonate ...

newborn jaundice
<paediatrics> A normal condition of elevated bilirubin in the bloodstream of a newborn. ... This occurs secondary to immaturity of liver cells (cannot effectively metabolise bilirubin) and the increased destruction of red blood cells (further releasing bilirubin into the bloodstream) that is normally seen in the newborn. ... The jaundice usuall …

newborn screening
Tests of newborns to detect those at increased risk for disorders such as pku (phenylketonuria) and hypothyroidism. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

newcastle disease
An influenza-like viral disease of birds, including domestic fowl, characterised by respiratory and gastrointestinal or pneumonic and encephalitic symptoms. First seen near newcastle, england, the infection is also transmissible to humans by contact with infected birds. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Newcastle Disease virus
<virology> A paramyxovirus that causes the fatal disease, fowl pest, in poultry. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Newcomer's fixative
A fixative containing isopropanol, propionic acid, and dioxane, recommended as a substitute for Carnoy's fixative in preservation of chromatin; also useful for fixing polysaccharides; small pieces of tissue must be used, although excessive shrinkage may still occur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

newel
The upright post about which the steps of a circular staircase wind; hence, in stairs having straight flights, the principal post at the foot of a staircase, or the secondary ones at the landings. See Hollow newel, under Hollow. ... Origin: OF. Nual, F. Noyau sone, of fruit, noyau d'escaler newel, fr. L. Nucalis like a nut, fr. Nux, nucis, nut. Cf N …

news
An announcement or statement of recent or current events of new data and matters of interest in the field of medicine or science. In some publications, such as 'nature' or 'science,' the news reports are substantively written and herald medical and scientific data of vital or controversial importance to the populace. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

newspaper article
A news item printed in a general-interest newspaper or other news periodical, containing information of current and timely interest in the field of medicine or science. This publication type should not be confused with news which is reserved for news reports published in various medical or other scientific journals, such as 'nature'. ... (12 Dec 199 …

newspapers
Publications printed and distributed daily, weekly, or at some other regular and usually short interval, containing news, articles of opinion (as editorials and letters), features, advertising, and announcements of current interest. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

newt
<zoology> Any one of several species of small aquatic salamanders. The common British species are the crested newt (Triton cristatus) and the smooth newt (Lophinus punctatus). In America, Diemictylus viridescens is one of the most abundant species. ... Origin: OE. Ewt, evete, AS. Efete, with n prefixed, an ewt being understood as a newt. Cf. E …

newton
Derived unit of force in the SI system, expressed as meters-kilograms per second squared (m-kg-s-2); equivalent to 105 dynes in the CGS system. ... Abbreviation: N ... Origin: I. Newton ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

newton-meter
A unit of the MKS system, expressed as energy expended, or work done, by a force of 1 newton acting through a distance of 1 meter; equal to 1 joule = 107 ergs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Newton, Sir Isaac
<person> English physicist, 1642-1727. ... See: newton, newtonian aberration, Newtonian constant of gravitation, newtonian flow, newtonian viscosity, Newton's disk, Newton's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Newton's disk
A disk on which are seven coloured sectors, each occupying proportionally the same space as the corresponding primary colour in the spectrum; when the disk is rapidly rotated it appears white. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Newton's interference colours
<microscopy> Newton's series of colours by interference results when two wave-trains of white light meet. ... For some wavelengths (colours) there will be destructive interference (darkness) but for other wavelengths there will be reinforcement (colour). They are most frequently observed in very thin films, only wavelengths thick, for example, …

Newton's law
The attractive force between any two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres. ... Synonym: law of gravitation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

newtonian
Of or pertaining to Sir Isaac Newton, or his discoveries. Newtonian philosophy, the philosophy of Sir Isaac Newton; applied to the doctrine of the universe as expounded in Newton's 'Principia,' to the modern or experimental philosophy (as opposed to the theories of Descartes and others), and, most frequently, to the mathematical theory of universal …

newtonian aberration
Synonym for chromatic aberration ... When using white light through a lens system, it is inevitable that different wave lengths (colours) are brought to a focus at slightly different points. As a consequence, there are chromatic aberations in the image, good microscope objectives are therefore corrected for this at two wave lengths (achromats) or at …

Newtonian constant of gravitation
A universal constant relating the gravitational force, f., attracting two masses, m1 and m2, toward each other when they are separated by a distance, r, in the equation: f = G(m1m2/r2); it has the value of 6.67259 &times; 10-8 dyne cm2 g-2 = 6.67259 &times; 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 in SI units. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

newtonian flow
The type of flow characteristic of a newtonian fluid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

newtonian fluid
A fluid in which flow and rate of shear are always proportional to the applied stress; such fluid precisely obeys Poiseuille's law. ... Compare: non-newtonian fluid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

newtonian viscosity
The viscosity characteristics of a newtonian fluid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nexin
<protein> Protein (165 kD) that links the adjacent microtubule doublets of the ciliary axoneme. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

next
Of Nigh. [AS. Nhst, niehst, nhst, superl. Of neah nigh. See Nigh. ... 1. Nearest in place; having no similar object intervening. 'Her princely guest Was next her side; in order sat the rest.' (Dryden) 'Fear followed me so hard, that I fled the next way.' (Bunyan) ... 2. Nearest in time; as, the next day or hour. ... 3. Adjoining in a series; immediate …

nexus
A connection or link. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ney
1. A fabric of twine, thread, or the like, wrought or woven into meshes, and used for catching fish, birds, butterflies, etc. ... 2. Anything designed or fitted to entrap or catch; a snare; any device for catching and holding. 'A man that flattereth his neighbor spreadeth a net for his feet.' (Prov. Xxix. 5) 'In the church's net there are fishes goo …

nez perces
<ethnology> A tribe of Indians, mostly inhabiting Idaho. ... Origin: F, pierced noses. ... (04 Apr 1998) ...

Nezelof
C., French pathologist, *1922. ... See: Nezelof syndrome, Nezelof type of thymic alymphoplasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nezelof syndrome
<syndrome> Congenital T-cell deficiency associated with thymic hypoplasia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

NF
<abbreviation> National Formulary. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

NF _kappa_B
A transcription factor (originally found to switch on transcription of genes for the kappa class of immunoglobulins in B lymphocytes). It is involved in activating the transcription of more than 20 genes in a variety of cells and tissues. NF _B is found in the cytoplasm in an inactive form, bound to the protein I_B. A variety of stimuli, such as tu …

nf-kappa b
Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in lymphoid cells. In B-lymphocytes nf-kappa b binds to the immunoglobulin kappa light chain enhancer and in T-lymphocytes it has been shown to bind to the enhancers in virally infected cells including HIV. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

NF-kappa B kinase
<enzyme> Activates DNA-binding activity of nfkb by directly phosphorylating its p65 and p50 subunits; does not phosphorylate ikb; may have a central role in mediating various signals to nfkb; mw 43 kD; amino acid sequence given in second source ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... Synonym: nuclear factor kappa b kinase, nfkb kinase, nik protein …

ng
<abbreviation> Nanogram. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ng-dl
<abbreviation> Abbreviation for nanograms per decilitre. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

ng-ml
<abbreviation> The abbreviation for nanograms per millilitre. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
<chemical> A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension. ... Pharmacological action: enzyme inhibitors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

NgCAM
<cell biology> Neural glial cell adhesion molecule. ... See: NCAM. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

NGF
Synonym for nerve growth factor ... <growth factor> A peptide (13.26 kD) of 118 amino acids (usually dimeric) with both chemotropic and chemotrophic properties for sympathetic and sensory neurons. ... Found in a variety of peripheral tissues, nerve growth factor attracts neurites to the tissues by chemotropism, where they form synapses. The suc …

NGF antiserum
Synonym for nerve growth factor antiserum ... An antiserum containing antibodies against nerve growth factor; when injected into newborn animals the majority of sympathetic ganglion cells are permanently destroyed, resulting in hypoinnervation of peripheral tissues. ... Synonym: NGF antiserum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

NgoBVII methyltransferase
<enzyme> Isolated from neisseria gonorrhoeae; recognises the sequence 5'-gcngc-3' ... Registry number: EC 2.1.1.- ... Synonym: DNA methyltransferase ngobvii, ngobvii mtase, m.ngobvii ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

NH2-terminal
Synonym for amino-terminal ... <biochemistry> The end of a protein or polypeptide chain with the unattached amino group or the aminoacyl residue containing it. ... Each amino acid in the chain has an amino group on one side, which is attached to the carboxyl group (COOH group) of the previous amino acid, and a carboxyl group on the other side ( …

NHS
<abbreviation> National Health Service. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ni
Symbol for nickel. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

niacin
<biochemistry> Member of the water soluble B vitamin group, used in the production of fatty acids, steroids and cholesterol, deficiency is known as pellagra. Has cholesterol-lowering and vasodilating properties. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

niacin deficiency
<biochemistry> A niacin deficiency disease (pellagra) caused by improper diet and characterised by skin lesions, gastrointestinal disturbances and nervousness. Depression, dermatitis, dementia and diarrhoea are common symptoms. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

niacin test
A test of the ability of mycobacteria to elaborate niacin; used to distinguish different strains. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

niacinamide
<biochemistry> Member of the water soluble B vitamin group, used in the production of fatty acids, steroids and cholesterol, deficiency is known as pellagra. Has cholesterol-lowering and vasodilating properties. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

niagara period
<geology> A subdivision or the American Upper Silurian system, embracing the Medina, Clinton, and Niagara epoch. The rocks of the Niagara epoch, mostly limestones, are extensively distributed, and at Niagara Falls consist of about eighty feet of shale supporting a greater thickness of limestone, which is gradually undermined by the removal of …

nialamide
<chemical> An mao inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. ... Pharmacological action: antidepressive agents, monoamine oxidase inhibitors. ... Chemical name: 4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 2-(3-oxo-3-((phenylmethyl)amino)propyl)hydrazide ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

niasome
<pharmacology> Multilamellate liposomes made from nonionic lipids and used for drug delivery. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nib
1. A small and pointed thing or part; a point; a prong. 'The little nib or fructifying principle.' ... 2. <zoology> The bill or beak of a bird; the neb. ... 3. The points of a pen; also, the pointed part of a pen; a short pen adapted for insertion in a holder. ... 4. One of the handles which project from a scythe snath; also, the shaft of a wago …

nicaragua wood
Synonym for brazil wood ... 1. The wood of the oriental Caesalpinia Sapan; so called before the discovery of America. ... 2. A very heavy wood of a reddish colour, imported from Brazil and other tropical countries, for cabinet-work, and for dyeing. The best is the heartwood of Caesalpinia echinata, a leguminous tree; but other trees also yield it. An …

nicarbazin
<chemical> An equimolar complex of 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine. A coccidiostat for poultry. ... Pharmacological action: coccidiostats. ... Chemical name: Urea, N,N'-bis(4-nitrophenyl)-, compd. With 4,6-dimethyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (1:1) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nicardipine
<chemical> 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl) methyl 2-(methyl(phenylmethyl)amino)-3,5-pyridinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester. A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It h …

nicergoline
<chemical> An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It has been suggested to ameliorate cognitive deficits in cerebrovascular disease. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic alpha-antagonists, nootropic agents, vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: Ergoline-8-methanol, 10-methoxy-1,6- …

niceritrol
<chemical> 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid 2,2-bis((3-pyridinecarbonyl)oxy)methyl)-1,3-propanediyl ester. An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the vld- and ld-lipoprotein fractions. ... Pharmacological action: antilipaemic agents. ... Chemical name: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 2,2-bis(((3-pyridiny …

niche
A cavity, hollow, or recess, generally within the thickness of a wall, for a statue, bust, or other erect ornament. Hence, any similar position, literal or figurative. 'Images defended from the injuries of the weather by niches of stone wherein they are placed.' (Evelun) ... Origin: F, fr. It. Nicchia, prop, a shell-like recess in a wall, fr. Nicchi …

nick
<molecular biology> A point in a double stranded DNA molecule where there is no phosphodiester bond between adjacent nucleotides of one strand typically through damage or enzyme action. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nick translation
<molecular biology, technique> A technique used to radioactively label DNA. ... E. Coli DNA polymerase I will add a nucleotide, copying the complementary strand, to the free 3' OH group at a nick, at the same time its exonuclease activity removes the 5' terminus. The enzyme then adds a nucleotide at the new 3' OH and removes the new 5' terminu …

Nick's procedure
Enlarges the aortic annulus by incising the noncoronary sinus and the roof of the left atrium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nicked circle
<molecular biology> During extraction of plasmid DNA from the bacterial cell, onestrand of the DNA becomes nicked. This relaxes the torsional strain needed to maintain supercoiling, producing the familiar form of plasmid. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

nickel
1. <chemistry> A bright silver-white metallic element. It is of the iron group, and is hard, malleable, and ductile. It occurs combined with sulphur in millerite, with arsenic in the mineral niccolite, and with arsenic and sulphur in nickel glance. Symbol Ni. Atomic weight 58.6. ... On account of its permanence in air and inertness to oxidatio …

nickel dermatitis
Allergic dermatitis due to contact with, or in some cases ingestion of, nickel or other metals containing nickel (e.g., stainless steel) as a diluent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nickel titanium
<dentistry> An especially strong orthodontic wire which allows for rapid tooth movement. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

nickel-iron hydrogenase
<enzyme> From desulfovibrio multispirans ... Registry number: EC 1.12.- ... Synonym: nife hydrogenase, co-induced hydrogenase, co-tolerant hydrogenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

nickel-iron-selenium hydrogenase
<enzyme> From desulfovibrio baculatus ... Registry number: EC 1.12.- ... Synonym: nifese hydrogenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

nickeloplasmin
A nickel-containing protein found in human sera. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nickerson-Kveim test
Synonym for kveim test ... <radiology> Intradermal injection, diagnostic for sarcoidosis ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nicking
<molecular biology> The production of breaks in a single strand of double-stranded DNA. Such nicks may be produced by the endonuclease DNase I. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

niclofolan
<chemical> 5,5'-dichloro-3,3'-dinitrobiphenyl-2,2'-diol. Proposed fasciolacide. ... Synonym: dertil; bilevon; bay 9015. ... Chemical name: (1,1'-Biphenyl)-2,2'-diol, 5,5'-dichloro-3,3'-dinitro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

niclosamide
<chemical> An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. ... Pharmacological action: anticestodal agents, antinematodal agent, molluscacides. ... Chemical name: Benzamide, 5-chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxy- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nicofuranose
Fructose 1,3,4,6-tetranicotinate;a peripheral vasodilator. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...