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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

neurotropic virus
A virus that has an affinity for nervous tissue, e.g., poliomyelitis virus, neurotropic virus variant of yellow fever, and the 'fixed' virus of rabies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotropy
Neurotropism ... 1. Affinity of basic dyes for nervous tissue. ... 2. The attraction of certain pathogenic microorganisms, poisons, and nutritive substances toward the nerve centres. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Trope, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotrosis
Synonym: neurotrauma. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Trosis, a wounding ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotubule
A term for microtubules in a neuron. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurovaccine
A fixed or standardised vaccine virus of definite strength, obtained by continued passage through the brain of rabbits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurovaricosis
Neurovaricosity ... A condition marked by multiple swellings along the course of a nerve. ... Origin: neuro-+ L. Varix, varicosis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurovascular
A term that pertains to both the neurologic and vascular structures ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

neurovascular flap
A flap containing a sensory nerve, one purpose of which is to restore sensation to the recipient area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurovascular integrity
A term that refers to the functioning of both neurological (movement and sensation) and vascular (arterial blood flow) structures. An important examination when confronted with an injured extremity. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

neurovascular sheath
Fibrous tissue enveloping and binding together arteries, their accompanying veins (venae comitantes) and nerves which run together; often it is merely the adventitious tissue of the neurovascular structures, but may be highly developed as a distinct fascial layer (e.g., in the case of the carotid or axillary sheaths). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurovegetative
Pertaining to the vegetative (autonomic) nervous system. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurovirus
Vaccine virus modified by means of passage into and growth in nervous tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurovisceral
Referring to the innervation of the internal organs by the autonomic nervous system. ... Synonym: neurosplanchnic, neurovegetative. ... Origin: neuro-+ L. Viscera, the internal organs ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurula
The stage in vertebrate embryogenesis during which the neural plate closes to form the central nervous system. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Neusser
Edmund von, Austrian physician, 1852-1912. ... See: Neusser's granules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neusser's granules
Tiny basophilic granule's sometimes observed in an indistinct zone about the nucleus of a leukocyte. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuter
1. Neither the one thing nor the other; on neither side; impartial; neutral. 'In all our undertakings God will be either our friend or our enemy; for Providence never stands neuter.' (South) ... 2. Having a form belonging more especially to words which are not appellations of males or females; expressing or designating that which is of neither sex; …

neutral
1. Not engaged on either side; not taking part with or assisting either of two or more contending parties; neuter; indifferent. 'The heart can not possibly remain neutral, but constantly takes part one way or the other.' (Shaftesbury) ... 2. Neither good nor bad; of medium quality; middling; not decided or pronounced. 'Some things good, and some thi …

neutral axis of straight beam
The axis perpendicular to the plane of loading of a beam at stresses within the proportional limit; it lies at the gravity axis of the cross-section of the beam. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutral beam injection
<radiobiology> This is one of the fundamental plasma heating methods. A particle accelerator is used to create fast ion beams (the particle energies are on the order of 100 keV), the ion beam is then passed through a neutral gas region, where the ions neutralise via charge-exchange reactions with the neutral gas. The neutralised beam is then …

neutral buffered formalin fixative
A general histologic fixative less likely to leave formalin deposits in tissue than formol-saline fixative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutral element
An element of the zero group of the periodic system comprising the rare gases, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn. ... Synonym: noble element. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutral fat
A triester of fatty acids and glycerol (i.e., triacylglycerol). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutral lipid storage disease
Synonym for Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome ... <syndrome> Congenital ichthyosis, leukocyte vacuoles, and variable involvement of other organ systems. ... Synonym: neutral lipid storage disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutral mutation
A mutation that has no selective advantage or disadvantage. Considerable controversy surrounds the question of whether such mutations can exist. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neutral occlusion
An arrangement of teeth such that the maxillary and mandibular first permanent molars are in normal anteroposterior relation. ... Synonym: normal occlusion. ... Synonym: neutroclusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutral oxide
An oxide that is neither an acid nor a base; e.g., water (hydrogen oxide, H2O). ... Synonym: indifferent oxide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutral point
The point at which a solution is neither acid nor alkaline (pH 7 at 22°C for aqueous solutions). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutral protease
<enzyme> Protease that is optimally active at neutral pH: ... See: proteases. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neutral reaction
PH of 7.00; H+ and OH- ion concentrations equal at 10-7 m at 22°C. ... Compare: dissociation constant of water. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutral red
<chemical> 3-amino-7-dimethylamino-2-methylphenazine hydrochloride. A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems. ... Pharmacological action: dyes, indicators and reagents. ... Chemical name: 2,8-Phenazinediamine, N8,N8,3-trimethyl-, monohydrochloride ... (12 Dec 1998) …

neutral spirits
Spirits distilled from suitable raw materials, are 95% ethanol (v/v) that is, at least 190 proof when distilled. Used for blending with straight whiskey and for making gin, cordials, liqueurs, and vodka. ... See: alcohol. ... Proof spirit, dilute alcohol, specific gravity 0.920, containing 49.5% by weight (57.27% by volume) of C2H5OH at 15.56°C. Orig …

neutral stain
<technique> A compound of an acid stain and a basic stain, such as the eosinate of methylene blue, in which the anion and cation each contains a chromophore group. ... Synonym: salt dye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutral stimulus
When paired with the unconditioned stimulus in simultaneous presentation to an organism, capable of eliciting a given response. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutral zone
In dentistry, the potential space between the lips and cheeks on one side and the tongue on the other; natural or artificial teeth in this zone are subject to equal and opposite forces from the surrounding musculature. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutral-density filter
<equipment> A light-absorbing filter whose absorption spectrum is moderately flat. Depending on the type, the absorption curve is flat primarily in the visible spectral range, or may extend to varying degrees beyond the visible range. For video microscopy, this is an important point since the absorbance may or may not extend into the near-inf …

neutralisation
An act or process of neutralising. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neutralise
To effect neutralization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutrality
1. The state or quality of being neutral; the condition of being unengaged in contests between others; state of taking no part on either side; indifference. 'Men who possess a state of neutrality in times of public danger, desert the interest of their fellow subjects.' (Addison) ... 2. Indifference in quality; a state neither very good nor bad. ... 3 …

neutralization plate
A metal plate used for the internal fixation of a long bone fracture to neutralise the forces producing displacement. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutralization test
Synonym for protection test ... A test to determine the antimicrobial activity of a serum by inoculating a susceptible animal with a mixture of the serum and the virus or other microbe being tested. ... Synonym: neutralization test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutralization tests
Titration of an antiserum by testing a series of dilutions of virus or immune serum to a given end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (cpe) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (id50) or die (ld …

neutralize
1. To render neutral; to reduce to a state of neutrality. 'So here I am neutralized again.' (Sir W. Scott) ... 2. <chemistry> To render inert or imperceptible the peculiar affinities of, as a chemical substance; to destroy the effect of; as, to neutralize an acid with a base. ... 3. To destroy the peculiar or opposite dispositions of; to reduce …

neutralizing antibody
A form of antibody that reacts with an infectious agent (usually a virus) and destroys or inhibits its infectivity and virulence; may be demonstrated by means of mixing serum with the suspension of infectious agent, and then injecting the mixture into animals or cell cultures that are susceptible to the agent in question. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutro-
Neutr- ... Neutral. ... Origin: L. Neutralis, fr. Neuter, neither ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutroclusion
A malocclusion in which there is a normal anteroposterior relationship between the maxilla and mandible; in Angle's classification, a Class I malocclusion. ... Synonym: neutral occlusion. ... Origin: neutro-+ occlusion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutron
<physics> An elementary atomic particle that has no charge and a mass that is approximately the same as that of a proton. Neutrons are found in allatoms except the lightest isotopes of hydrogen. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

neutron activation analysis
Activation analysis in which the specimen is bombarded with neutrons. Identification is made by measuring the resulting radioisotopes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neutron capture therapy
A technique for the treatment of neoplasms in which an isotope is introduced into target cells followed by irradiation with thermal neutrons. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neutron radiation
An emission of neutrons from the nucleus of an atom by decay or fission. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutrons
Electrically neutral elementary particles found in all atomic nuclei except light hydrogen; the mass is equal to that of the proton and electron combined and they are unstable when isolated from the nucleus, undergoing beta decay. Slow, thermal, epithermal, and fast neutrons refer to the energy levels with which the neutrons are ejected from heavie …

neutropenia
<haematology> Leucopenia in which the decrease in white blood cells is chiefly in neutrophils. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neutropenic angina
Synonym for agranulocytosis ... <haematology> A symptom complex characterised by marked decrease in the number of granulocytes and by lesions of the throat and other mucous membranes, of the gastrointestinal tract and of the skin, also called granulocytopenia and Schultz's disease. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neutrophil
<haematology> A granulocyte, a white blood cell. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neutrophil activating factor
Synonym for interleukin-8 ... <cytokine> A cytokine that activates neutrophils and attracts neutrophils and T-lymphocytes. ... It is released by several cell types including monocytes, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes by an inflammatory stimulus. Il-8 is a member of the beta-thromboglobulin superfami …

neutrophil activating protein
Synonym for interleukin-8 ... <cytokine> A cytokine that activates neutrophils and attracts neutrophils and T-lymphocytes. ... It is released by several cell types including monocytes, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes by an inflammatory stimulus. Il-8 is a member of the beta-thromboglobulin superfami …

neutrophil activation
The process in which the neutrophil is stimulated by diverse substances, resulting in degranulation and/or generation of reactive oxygen products, and culminating in the destruction of invading pathogens. The stimulatory substances, including opsonised particles, immune complexes, and chemotactic factors, bind to specific cell-surface receptors on …

neutrophil chemotactant factor
Synonym for interleukin-8 ... <cytokine> A cytokine that activates neutrophils and attracts neutrophils and T-lymphocytes. ... It is released by several cell types including monocytes, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes by an inflammatory stimulus. Il-8 is a member of the beta-thromboglobulin superfami …

neutrophil collagenase
<enzyme> Cleaves interstitial collagens in the triple helical domain; cleaves type I collagen more rapidly than type III; fibroblast collagenase cleaves at the same site as neutrophil colagenase ... Registry number: EC 3.4.24.34 ... Synonym: matrix metalloproteinase 8, mmp-8, mmp 8, fibroblast collagenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

neutrophil granule
A granule stainable with the neutral component of stains, e.g., the Romanovsky-type blood stains. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutrophilia
Too many neutrophils. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neutrophilic
1. Pertaining to or characterised by neutrophils, such as an exudate in which the predominant cells are neutrophilic granulocytes. ... 2. Characterised by a lack of affinity for acid or basic dyes, i.e., staining approximately equally with either type. ... Synonym: neutrophilous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutrophilic leukaemia
An unusual form of chronic granulocytic leukaemia in which the greatly increased number of leukocytes in the circulating blood are mature polymorphonuclear neutrophils, with virtually no young or immature granulocytes being observed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutrophilic leukocyte
A neutrophilic granulocyte, the most frequent of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte's, and also the most active phagocyte among the various types of white blood cells; when treated with Wright's stain (or similar preparations), the fairly abundant cytoplasm is faintly pink, and numerous tiny, slightly refractile, relatively bright pink or violet-pink, …

neutrophilic leukocytosis
Synonym for neutrophilia ... Too many neutrophils. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neutrophilic leukopenia
Synonym for neutropenia ... <haematology> Leucopenia in which the decrease in white blood cells is chiefly in neutrophils. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neutrophilin
<protein> Neutrophil derived platelet activator, probably a serine protease. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neutrophilopenia
Synonym: neutropenia. ... Origin: neutrophil + G. Penia, poverty ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutrophilous
Synonym for neutrophilic ... 1. Pertaining to or characterised by neutrophils, such as an exudate in which the predominant cells are neutrophilic granulocytes. ... 2. Characterised by a lack of affinity for acid or basic dyes, i.e., staining approximately equally with either type. ... Synonym: neutrophilous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neutrophils
Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neutrotaxis
A phenomenon in which neutrophilic leukocytes are stimulated by a substance in such a manner that they are either attracted, and move toward it (positive neutrotaxis), or they are repelled, and move away from it (negative neutrotaxis); in some instances, there is no effect (sometimes called ... Indifferent neutrotaxis). ... Origin: neutrophil + G. Ta …

nevi
<dermatology> A cluster of melanocytes. Nevi on the skin are commonly called moles. ... (10 Jan 1998) ...

nevi and melanomas
A collective term for the various types of nevi and melanomas. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nevirapine
<drug> A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (see NNRTI) that has shown antiviral activity in people with AIDS, although resistance is quick to develop. Possible side effects include severe rash, fever and liver impairment. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

nevocyte
Synonym for nevus cell ... The cell of a pigmented cutaneous nevus that differs from a normal melanocyte in that it lacks dendrites. ... A-type, melanocytes in the epidermis in pigmented nevi, resembling epithelial cells and frequently containing melanin. ... Nevus cell, B-type, small, usually non-pigmented melanocytes in the mid-dermis in pigmented n …

nevoid
Resembling a nevus. ... Synonym: nevose, nevous. ... Origin: L. Naevus, mole (nevus), + G. Eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevoid amentia
Synonym for Brushfield-Wyatt disease ... A familial disorder characterised by unilateral nevus, contralateral hemiplegia, hemianopia, cerebral angioma, and mental retardation; possibly a variant of Sturge-Weber syndrome. ... Synonym: nevoid amentia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevoid elephantiasis
Thickening of skin, usually unilateral, involving a small area or the entire extremity, due to congenital enlargement of lymph vessels and lymph vessel obstruction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevoid hypertrichosis
Congenital growth of hair abnormal for its site, texture, colour, or length; often associated with other nevoid abnormalities. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevolipoma
Unsatisfactory terms for a lesion that is basically a melanocytic nevus, mixed adipose cells in the dermis. ... Synonym: nevus lipomatodes, nevus lipomatosus. ... Origin: nevus + lipoma ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevose
Nevous ... 1. Marked with nevi. ... Synonym: nevoid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevoxanthoendothelioma
Synonym: juvenile xanthogranuloma. ... Origin: nevus + G. Xanthos, yellow, + endothelioma ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevus
Synonym for naevus ... <dermatology, tumour> Tumour like but nonneoplastic hamartoma of skin. A vascular naevus is a localised capillary rich area of the skin (strawberry birthmark, sometimes the much more extensive port wine stain). ... A mole benign melanoma) is a pigmented naevus, a cluster of melanocytes containing melanin. ... (13 Nov 1997) …

nevus anaemicus
A functional developmental defect in vascular filling characterised by pale, round or oval, flat lesions, indistinguishable from surrounding normal skin on diascopy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevus angiectodes
Synonym for capillary haemangioma ... <dermatology> Red or purple-coloured vascular skin markings that develop shortly after birth. Most are usually painless and benign and sharply demarcated from surrounding skin, usually located on the head and neck, and grow rapidly. ... It is caused by proliferation of immature capillary vessels in active s …

nevus arachnoideus
spider angioma ...

nevus araneus
spider angioma ...

nevus cavernosus
Synonym for cavernous angioma ... Vascular malformation composed of sinusoidal vessels without a large feeding artery; can be multiple, especially if inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. ... Synonym: nevus cavernosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevus cell
The cell of a pigmented cutaneous nevus that differs from a normal melanocyte in that it lacks dendrites. ... A-type, melanocytes in the epidermis in pigmented nevi, resembling epithelial cells and frequently containing melanin. ... Nevus cell, B-type, small, usually non-pigmented melanocytes in the mid-dermis in pigmented nevi. ... Nevus cell, C-type …

nevus comedonicus
Comedo nevus, congenital or childhood linear keratinous cystic invaginations of the epidermis, with failure of development of normal pilosebaceous follicles. ... Synonym: nevus follicularis keratosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevus elasticus of Lewandowski
An obsolete term for plaques of smooth or nodular papules, skin-or ivory-coloured, occurring symmetrically on the trunk or extremities; now known to be a collagenous nevus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevus flammeus
Flame nevus, a large congenital vascular nevus having a purplish colour; it is usually found on the head and neck and persists throughout life. ... See: Sturge-Weber syndrome. ... Synonym: port-wine mark, port-wine stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevus follicularis keratosis
Synonym for nevus comedonicus ... Comedo nevus, congenital or childhood linear keratinous cystic invaginations of the epidermis, with failure of development of normal pilosebaceous follicles. ... Synonym: nevus follicularis keratosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevus lipomatodes
Synonym for nevolipoma ... Unsatisfactory terms for a lesion that is basically a melanocytic nevus, mixed adipose cells in the dermis. ... Synonym: nevus lipomatodes, nevus lipomatosus. ... Origin: nevus + lipoma ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevus lymphaticus
A cutaneous lymphangioma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevus of ota
A macular lesion on the side of the face, involving the conjunctiva and lids, as well as the adjacent facial skin, sclera, ocular muscles, and periosteum. Histological features vary from those of a mongolian spot to those of a blue nevus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nevus papillomatosus
A prominent wartlike mole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevus pigmentosus
A benign pigmented melanocytic proliferation; raised or level with the skin, present at birth or arising early in life. ... Synonym: mole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevus pilosus
A mole covered with an abundant growth of hair. ... Synonym: hairy mole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nevus sanguineus
Synonym for capillary haemangioma ... <dermatology> Red or purple-coloured vascular skin markings that develop shortly after birth. Most are usually painless and benign and sharply demarcated from surrounding skin, usually located on the head and neck, and grow rapidly. ... It is caused by proliferation of immature capillary vessels in active s …