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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

nephelometer
An instrument used in nephelometry. ... Origin: G. Nephele, cloud, + metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephelometric turbidity unit
A measurement unit of the clarity of water, dependent on the amount of suspended matter. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

nephelometry
<technique> Any method for estimating the concentration of cells or particles in a suspension by measuring the intensity of scattered light, often at right angles to the incident beam. ... Light scattering depends upon number, size and surface characteristics of the particles. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nephelometry and turbidimetry
Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of th …

nephr-
See: nephro-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephradenoma
<tumour> Obsolete term for adenoma of the kidney. ... Origin: nephr-+ adenoma ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephralgia
Rarely used term for pain in the kidney. ... Origin: nephr-+ G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephralgic
Relating to nephralgia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephratonia
Nephratony ... An obsolete term for diminished functional activity of the kidneys. ... Origin: nephr-+ G. A-priv. + tonos, tension ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrectomy
<procedure, surgery> The surgical removal of a kidney. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

nephredema
Oedema caused by renal disease; rarely, oedema of the kidney. ... Origin: nephr-+ G. Oidema, swelling ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrelcosis
Ulceration of the mucous membrane of the pelvis or calices of the kidney. ... Origin: nephr-+ G. Helkosis, ulceration ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephric
Relating to the kidney. ... Synonym: renal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephric blastema
The extension of nephrogenic cord tissue, caudal to the mesonephros, into which the ureteric buds grow to initiate development of the definitive mammalian kidney. ... Synonym: nephroblastema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephric duct
Synonym for pronephric duct ... The duct of the pronephros; serves as the mesonephric duct. ... Synonym: nephric duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephritic calculus
An obsolete term for renal calculus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephritic factor
A serum protein (possibly an IgG autoantibody), found in some patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and hypocomplementemia, which, together with the cofactors of the alternate pathway of complement activation, cleaves the third component of complement (C3). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephritic syndrome
<syndrome> A disease of the kidneys that results in inflammation of the glomerulus (the portion of the kidney that filters the blood). ... Conditions which may cause glomerulonephritis include post-streptococcal disease (strep throat), lupus, syphilis, bacterial endocarditis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, sepsis, vasculitis, Goodpa …

nephritical
1. Of or pertaining to the kidneys or urinary organs; renal; as, a nephritic disease. ... 2. <medicine> Affected with a disease of the kidneys; as, a nephritic patient. Relieving disorders of the kidneys; affecting the kidneys; as, a nephritic medicine. ... <chemical> Nephritic stone, nephrite; jade. See Nephrite. ... Origin: L. Nephriticu …

nephritis
<nephrology> Inflammation of the kidney, a focal or diffuse proliferative or destructive process which may involve the glomerulus, tubule or interstitial renal tissue. ... Origin: Gr. Nephros = kidney ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nephritis gravidarum
Nephritis developing in pregnancy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephritis, hereditary
Hereditary disease characterised initially by haematuria and slowly progressing to renal insufficiency. It is sometimes associated with perceptual deafness and/or congenital ocular defects. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nephritis, interstitial
Primary or secondary disease of the renal interstitial tissue resulting from arterial, arteriolar, glomerular, or tubular disease which destroys individual nephrons, or from toxic involvement of interstitital cells and tubules due to systemic diseases such as gout, to drug exposure, or to mercury poisoning. Clinically it may be manifested primarily …

nephritogenic
Causing nephritis; said of conditions or agents. ... Origin: nephritis + G. Genesis, production ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephro-
Having to do with the kidney. From the Greek nephros meaning kidney. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nephroblastema
Synonym: nephric blastema. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Blastema, a sprout ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephroblastoma
<oncology, tumour> Wilm's tumour or nephroblastoma, is a cancerous tumour of the kidney in children. Wilm's is the most common tumour of the kidney and the most common intra-abdominal tumour in children. The exact cause is unknown, but probably develops in foetal tissue due to an underlying genetic factor. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

nephroblastomatosis
<radiology> Persistent primitive renal tissue (normally present up to 36 weeks), potential precursor to Wilms tumour: present in 30% of kidneys with single and 100% of kidneys with bilateral Wilms tumour associated with: hemihypertrophy, sporadic aniridia, pseudohermaphroditism, Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, splenic …

nephrocalcinosis
A form of renal stone disease where the kidney tissue is characterised by foci of calcification in addition to numerous deposits of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

nephrocapsectomy
<procedure> An obsolete operation for decortication, or decapsulation, of the kidney. ... Origin: nephro-+ L. Capsula, a small box, + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrocardiac
Synonym: cardiorenal. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Kardia, heart ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrocele
1. Hernial displacement of a kidney. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Kele, hernia ... 2. In lower vertebrates, the developmental cavity connecting the myocele with the celom. ... Synonym: nephrotomic cavity. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Koiloma, a hollow (celom) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrocystosis
Formation of renal cysts. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Kystis, cyst, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrogenetic
Nephrogenic ... Developing into kidney tissue. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Genesis, origin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrogenic adenoma
<tumour> A benign tumour of the urinary bladder mucosa, composed of glandular structures resembling renal tubules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrogenic cord
A longitudinal dorsolateral tract of mesoderm derived from intermediate mesoderm; the primordium for both mesonephric and metanephric tubules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Diabetes insipidus due to inability of the kidney tubules to respond to antidiuretic hormone; X-linked inheritance, with full expression in males and partial defect in heterozygous females. ... Synonym: vasopressin-resistant diabetes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrogenic tissue
The tissue from which the pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros develop. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrogenous
Developing from kidney tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrogram
Radiographic examination of the kidney after the intravenous injection of a water-soluble iodinated contrast material; also, the diffuse opacification of the renal parenchyma following such injection, an indication of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration. A persistent nephrogram indicates obstruction of kidney drainage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrography
Radiography of the kidney. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrohydrosis
Synonym for hydronephrosis ... <nephrology> Abnormal enlargement of a kidney, may occur secondary to acute ureteral obstruction (kidney stone) or chronic kidney disease. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

nephroid
Kidney-shaped; resembling a kidney. ... Synonym: reniform. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrolith
<nephrology, urology> A renal calculus, gravel in a kidney. ... Origin: Gr. Lithos = stone ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nephrolithiasis
<nephrology, urology> The presence of calculi in the kidney or collecting system. ... The calculi are usually small (2-12mm) solid, crystalline, concretions that develop in the kidney and eventually pass through the genitourinary tract. Stones may be composed of calcium, phosphate or uric acid. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

nephrolithotomy
<procedure> Incision into the kidney for the removal of a renal calculus. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Lithos, stone, + tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrologist
<specialist> A specialist who is expert in the treatment of kidney insufficiency and kidney disease. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

nephrolysin
An antibody that causes destruction of the cells of the kidneys, formed in response to the injection of an emulsion of renal substance; it is specific for the species from which the antigen was prepared. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrolysis
1. Freeing of the kidney from inflammatory adhesions, with preservation of the capsule. ... 2. Destruction of renal cells. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Lysis, dissolution ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrolytic
Pertaining to, characterised by, or causing nephrolysis. ... Synonym: nephrotoxic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephroma
<tumour> A tumour arising from renal tissue. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephroma, mesoblastic
A malignant tumour of the kidney characterised by spindled myofibroblastic cells arranged in sheets or bundles with a tendency to infiltrate into the adjoining normal kidney and through the capsule into the perirenal tissues. While it appears on gross examination to be circumscribed, partial excision is usually unsuccessful and total removal is rec …

nephromalacia
Softening of the kidneys. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Malakia, softness ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephromegaly
<clinical sign> Enlargement of a kidney. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

nephromere
That portion of the intermediate mesoderm from which segmented kidney tubules develop. ... See: nephrotome. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Meros, a part ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephron
<physiology> The structural and functional unit of the vertebrate kidney. It is made up of the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule and the convoluted tubule. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nephrons
The functional units of the kidney, consisting of the glomerulus and the attached tubule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nephropathia epidemica
A generally benign form of epidemic haemorrhagic fever reported in Scandinavia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephropathic
Causing organic renal disease or impairment of renal function. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephropathy
<nephrology, urology> Any disease of the kidneys. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nephropexy
Operative fixation of a floating or mobile kidney. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Pexis, fixation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrophthisis
1. Suppurative nephritis with wasting of the substance of the organ. ... 2. Tuberculosis of the kidney. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Phthisis, a wasting ... Familial juvenile nephrophthisis, cystic disease of renal medulla, autosomal recessive type. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephroptosis
Prolapse of the kidney. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Ptosis, a falling ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephropyosis
Synonym: pyonephrosis. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Pyosis, suppuration ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrorrhaphy
Nephropexy by suturing the kidney. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Rhaphe, a suture ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephros
Official alternate term for kidney. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrosclerosis
Hardening (sclerosis) of the kidney usually due to disease of the blood vessels in it from atherosclerosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nephrosclerotic
Pertaining to or causing nephrosclerosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephroscope
<instrument> An endoscope passed into the renal pelvis to view it. Route of access may be percutaneous, through a surgically exposed kidney, or retrograde via the ureter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrosis
A type of nephritis that is characterised by low serum albumin, large amount of protein in the urine and swelling (oedema). Swelling, weight gain, high blood pressure and anorexia are key features. Nephrotic syndrome can be seen with a number of illness that cause damage to the kidney glomerulus. ... Examples include diabetes, hereditary disorders, …

nephrosis, lipoid
Glomerular disease causing heavy proteinuria characterised by absence of obvious histologic glomerular changes on light microscopy. It is also called minimal change glomerular disease and minimal lesion glomerulonephritis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nephrospasia
An obsolete term for floating kidney in which the organ is attached only by the blood vessels entering at the hilus. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Spasis, a pulling ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrostogram
A radiograph of the kidney after opacification of the renal pelvis by injecting a contrast agent through a nephrostomy tube. ... Origin: nephrostomy + G. Gramma, writing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrostoma
One of the ciliated funnel-shaped openings by which pronephric and some primitive mesonephric tubules communicate with the celom. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrostomy
<procedure> Establishment of an opening between the pelvis of the kidney through its cortex to the exterior of the body. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrostomy tube
A tube placed in the renal collecting system for drainage, diagnostic tests, or removal of calculi. May be placed through a percutaneous route or during an open surgical procedure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrostomy, percutaneous
The insertion of a catheter through the skin and body wall into the kidney pelvis, mainly to provide urine drainage where the ureter is not functional. It is used also to remove or dissolve renal calculi and to diagnose ureteral obstruction. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nephrotic
Pertaining to, resembling or caused by nephrosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nephrotic oedema
Oedema resulting from renal dysfunction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrotic syndrome
<syndrome> A type of nephritis that is characterised by low serum albumin, large amount of protein in the urine and swelling (oedema). Swelling, weight gain, high blood pressure and anorexia are key features. Nephrotic syndrome can be seen with a number of illness that cause damage to the kidney glomerulus. ... Examples include diabetes, hered …

nephrotome
The intermediate mesoderm, sometimes so designated because it evolves into nephric primordia. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Tome, a cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrotomic
Relating to the nephrotome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrotomic cavity
Synonym for nephrocele ... 1. Hernial displacement of a kidney. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Kele, hernia ... 2. In lower vertebrates, the developmental cavity connecting the myocele with the celom. ... Synonym: nephrotomic cavity. ... Origin: nephro-+ G. Koiloma, a hollow (celom) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrotomogram
A series of special X-rays of the kidneys. The X-rays are taken from different angles. They show the kidneys clearly, without the shadows of the organs around them. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nephrotomography
Tomographic examination of the kidney. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrotoxic
Toxic or destructive to kidney cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nephrotoxic drug
A group of medication known to cause renal toxicity in some cases as a side effect. ... Examples include: aminoglycosides, cisplatin, cyclosporine, foscarnet, pentamidine, ifosfamide, vancomycin, neomycin, nitrous oxide, isoflurane, kanamycin and cyclophosphamide. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

nephrotoxicity
The quality or state of being toxic to kidney cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrotoxin
A cytotoxin that is specific for cells of the kidney. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrotrophic
Synonym for renotrophic ... Relating to any agent influencing the growth or nutrition of the kidney or to the action of such an agent. ... Synonym: nephrotrophic, nephrotropic, renotropic. ... Origin: reno-+ G. Trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrotropic
Synonym for renotrophic ... Relating to any agent influencing the growth or nutrition of the kidney or to the action of such an agent. ... Synonym: nephrotrophic, nephrotropic, renotropic. ... Origin: reno-+ G. Trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephrotuberculosis
Tuberculosis of the kidney. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephroureterectomy
<procedure> Surgical removal of a kidney and its ureter. ... Synonym: ureteronephrectomy. ... Origin: nephro-+ ureter + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nephroureterocystectomy
<procedure> Removal of kidney, ureter, and part or all of the bladder. ... Origin: nephro-+ ureter + G. Kystis, bladder, + ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nepiology
An obsolete term for neonatology. ... Origin: G. Nepios (adj.), infant, + logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nepovirus
A genus of polyhedral plant viruses of the family comoviridae causing ringspots and spotting on leaves or sometimes symptomless infection. Transmission occurs by seeds, soil nematodes, or experimentally by mechanical inoculation. Tobacco ringspot virus is the type species. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neprilysin
<enzyme> Enzyme that is a major constituent of kidney brush-border membranes and is also present to a lesser degree in the brain and other tissues. It preferentially catalyses cleavage at the amino group of hydrophobic residues of the b-chain of insulin as well as opioid peptides and other biologically active peptides. ... The enzyme is inhibi …

neptune
1. The son of Saturn and Ops, the god of the waters, especially of the sea. He is represented as bearing a trident for a scepter. ... 2. <astronomy> The remotest known planet of our system, discovered as a result of the computations of Leverrier, of Paris by Galle, of Berlin, September 23. Its mean distance from the sun is about 2,775,000,000 …

Neptune's girdle
A wet pack applied around the abdomen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neptunian
1. Of or pertaining to the ocean or sea. ... 2. <geology> Formed by water or aqueous solution; as, Neptunian rocks. ... <ethnology> Neptunian races, the Malay and Polynesian races. ... <geology> Neptunian theory, the theory of Werner, which referred the formation of all rocks and strata to the agency of water; opposed to the Plutonic …