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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

negative stranded RNA virus
<virology> Class V viruses that have an RNA genome that is complementary to the mRNA, the positive strand. They also carry the virus specific RNA polymerase necessary for the synthesis of the mRNA. Includes (Rhabdoviridae, Paramyxoviridae and Myoviridae (for example the T even phages). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

negative taxis
The repulsion of protoplasm away from a stimulus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

negative thermotaxis
Repulsion of a plant or animal from heat. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

negative transference
Transference characterised by predominantly hostile feelings on the part of the patient toward the analyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

negative, false
A result that appears negative but fails to reveal a situation. An example of a false negative: a particular test designed to detect cancer of the toenail is negative but the person has toenail cancer. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

negatively
1. In a negative manner; with or by denial. 'He answered negatively.' ... 2. In the form of speech implying the absence of something; opposed to positively. ' shal show what this image of God in man is, negatively, by showing wherein it does not consist, and positively, by showing wherein it does consist. ... <physics>' (South) Negatively charg …

negatively bathmotropic
Lessening nervous or muscular irritability. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

negatively dromotropic
Acting to diminish conduction velocity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

negativism
State of mind or behaviour characterised by extreme skepticism and persistent opposition or resistance to outside suggestions or advice. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

negatron
Term used for an electron to emphasize its negative charge in contradistinction to the positive charge carried by the otherwise similar positron. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Negishi virus
One of the group B arboviruses (genus Flavivirus) of the tick-borne encephalitis complex, isolated from fatal infections in Japan. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

negligence
The quality or state of being negligent; lack of due diligence or care; omission of duty; habitual neglect; heedlessness. ... 2. An act or instance of negligence or carelessness. 'remarking his beauties, . I must also point out his negligences and defects.' (Blair) ... 3. The omission of the care usual under the circumstances, being convertible with …

negligent
Apt to neglect; customarily neglectful; characterised by negligence; careless; heedless; culpably careless; showing lack of attention; as, disposed in negligent order. 'Be thou negligent of fame.' 'He that thinks he can afford to be negligent is not far from being poor.' (Rambler) ... Synonym: Careles, heedless, neglectful, regardless, thoughtless, …

negotiating
The process of bargaining in order to arrive at an agreement or compromise on a matter of importance to the parties involved. It also applies to the hearing and determination of a case by a third party chosen by the parties in controversy, as well as the interposing of a third party to reconcile the parties in controversy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

negotiation
1. The act or process of negotiating; a treating with another respecting sale or purchase. Etc. ... 2. Hence, mercantile business; trading. 'Who had lost, with these prizes, forty thousand pounds, after twenty years' negotiation in the East Indies.' (Evelyn) ... 3. The transaction of business between nations; the mutual intercourse of governments by …

Negri bodies
Eosinophilic, sharply outlined, pathognomonic inclusion body's (2 to 10 um in diameter) found in the cytoplasm of certain nerve cells containing the virus of rabies, especially in Ammon's horn of the hippocampus. ... Synonym: Negri corpuscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Negri body
Acidophilic cytoplasmic inclusion (mass of nucleocapsids) characteristic of rabies virus infection. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Negri corpuscles
Synonym for Negri bodies ... Eosinophilic, sharply outlined, pathognomonic inclusion body's (2 to 10 um in diameter) found in the cytoplasm of certain nerve cells containing the virus of rabies, especially in Ammon's horn of the hippocampus. ... Synonym: Negri corpuscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Negri, Adelchi
<person> Italian physician, 1876-1912. ... See: Negri bodies, Negri corpuscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

negro
Origin: Sp. Or Pg. Negro, fr. Negro black, L. Niger; perh. Akin to E. Night. ... A black man; especially, one of a race of black or very dark persons who inhabit the greater part of tropical Africa, and are distinguished by crisped or curly hair, flat noses, and thick protruding lips; also, any black person of unmixed African blood, wherever found.< …

Negro, Camillo
<person> Italian neurologist, 1861-1927. ... See: Negro's phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Negro's phenomenon
Synonym for cogwheel phenomenon ... A sudden brief halt in usually smooth respiration or other motor activity. ... Synonym: Negro's phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

negroid race
A major racial group distinguished by classification according to physical features. This group is found largely as african negroes in the western, central, and southern parts of africa; as melanesians and papuans in new guinea; as negrillos in the african congo; and as negritos in the african congo, malay peninsula, new guinea, and andaman islands …

Neisser, Albert
<person> Breslau physician, 1855-1916. ... See: Neisseria, Neisser's coccus, Neisser's syringe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neisser, Max
<person> German bacteriologist, 1869-1938. ... See: Neisser's stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neisser's coccus
Synonym for neisseria gonorrhoeae ... A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria primarily found in purulent venereal discharges. It is the causative agent of gonorrhoea. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Neisser's stain
<technique> A stain for the polar nuclei of the diphtheria bacillus which uses a mixture of methylene blue and crystal violet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neisser's syringe
A urethral syringe used in treatment of gonococcal urethritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neisseria
<bacteria> Gram-negative nonmotile pyogenic cocci. Two species are serious pathogens, Neisseria meningitidis (see meningitis) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. ... The latter associates specifically with urinogenital epithelium through surface pili. Both species seem to evade the normal consequences of attack by phagocytes. ... (15 Jan 1998) ...

Neisseria catarrhalis
Former name for Moraxella catarrhalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neisseria caviae
A species found in the pharyngeal region of guinea pigs; may also be found in other animals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neisseria flava
A species found in the mucous membranes of the human respiratory tract; easily confused with Neisseria meningitidis. ... Synonym: Neisseria subflava. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neisseria flavescens
A species found in cerebrospinal fluid in cases of meningitis; probably occurs in the mucous membranes of the human respiratory tract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neisseria gonorrhoeae
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria primarily found in purulent venereal discharges. It is the causative agent of gonorrhoea. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Neisseria haemolysans
Former name for Gemella haemolysans. ... See: Gemella. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neisseria meningitidis
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria found in cerebrospinal fluid as the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis (meningitis, meningococcal) as well as in venereal discharges and blood. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Neisseria sicca
A species found in the mucous membranes of the human respiratory tract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neisseria subflava
Synonym for Neisseria flava ... A species found in the mucous membranes of the human respiratory tract; easily confused with Neisseria meningitidis. ... Synonym: Neisseria subflava. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neisseriaceae
A family of gram-negative, parasitic bacteria including several important pathogens of man. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neisseriaceae infections
Infections with bacteria of the family neisseriaceae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neisseriae
A vernacular term used to refer to any member of the genus Neisseria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nek1 protein kinase
<enzyme> Phosphorylates serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: nek1 kinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Nek2 protein kinase
<enzyme> Homologous to nima mitotic regulator of aspergillus nidulans; genbank z29066 ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... Synonym: nek2 protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Nek3 protein kinase
<enzyme> Homologous to nima mitotic regulator of aspergillus nidulans; genbank z29067 ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... Synonym: nek3 protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Nelaton, Auguste
<person> French surgeon, 1807-1873. ... See: Nelaton's catheter, Nelaton's dislocation, Nelaton's fibres, Nelaton's line, Nelaton's sphincter, Roser-Nelaton line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nelaton's catheter
A flexible catheter of red rubber. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nelaton's dislocation
Wedging of the astragalus between the widely separated tibia and fibula, usually complicated with fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nelaton's fibres
Synonym for Nelaton's sphincter ... See: transverse rectal folds. ... Synonym: Nelaton's fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nelaton's fold
See: transverse rectal folds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nelaton's line
A line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine to the tuberosity of the ischium; normally the great trochanter lies in this line, but in cases of iliac dislocation of the hip or fracture of the neck of the femur the trochanter is felt above the line. ... Synonym: Roser-Nelaton line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nelaton's sphincter
See: transverse rectal folds. ... Synonym: Nelaton's fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nelfinavir
<chemical> A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children. ... Pharmacological action: anti-HIV agents, HIV protease inhibitors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nelson syndrome
<syndrome> A syndrome characterised by deep pigmentation and the presence of an acth-msh secreting adenoma of the pituitary gland developing after adrenalectomy for cushing's syndrome. at present it is not known whether the adenoma occurs de novo or represents enlargement of a previously undetected tumour. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Nelson tumour
A pituitary tumour causing the symptoms of Nelson syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nelson, Don
<person> U.S. Internist, *1925. ... See: Nelson syndrome, Nelson tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nem
A nutritional unit defined as 1 gram breast milk of specific nutritional components having a caloric value equivalent to 2/3 calorie. ... Origin: Ger. Nahrungseinheit Milch, milk nutrition unit ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nema-
Thread, threadlike. ... Origin: G. Nema ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nemaline myopathy
A congenital myofibrillar abnormality in which small threadlike or rod-shaped bodies are scattered through the muscle fibres. It is marked by hypotonia and proximal muscle weakness. It is also called rod myopathy with reference to the threadlike (greek nema, thread) rods or myofibrils (latin fibrilla, a little fibre or threadlike structure). ... (12 …

nemathelminth
A member of the former phylum Nemathelminthes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nemathelminthes
Formerly considered a phylum to incorporate the pseudocelomate organisms, which now are divided into the distinct phyla Acanthocephala, Entoprocta, Rotifera, Gastrotricha, Kinorhyncha, Nematoda, and Nematomorpha. ... Origin: nemat-+ G. Helmins, helminthos, worm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nematization
Infestation by nematodes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nematocidal
Destructive to nematode worms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nematocide
An agent that kills nematodes. ... Origin: nematode + L. Caedo, to kill ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nematocyst
Stinging mechanism used for defence and prey capture by Hydra and other members of the Cnidaria (Coelenterata). It is located within a specialised cell, the nematocyte and consists of a capsule containing a coiled tube. When the nematocyte is triggered, the wall of the capsule changes its water permeability and the inrush of water causes the tube t …

nematocyte
Stinging cells found in Hydra, used for capturing prey and for defence. There are four major types, containing different sorts of nematocysts: stenoteles (60%), desmonemes, holotrichous isorhizas and atrichous isorhizas. They differentiate from interstitial cells and are almost all found in the tentacles. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nematoda
A class of unsegmented helminths with fundamental bilateral symmetry and secondary triradiate symmetry of the oral and oesophageal structures. Many species are parasites. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nematode
Infection by the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides and is characterised by an early pulmonary phase related to larval migration and a later, prolonged intestinal phase. Adult worms are 15-40 cm in length and maintain themselves in the lumen of the small intestine. Infection occurs after ingesting eggs contained in contaminated food or more commonly, by …

nematode infections
Infections by nematodes, general or unspecified. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nematode sperm
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has an unusual amoeboid spermatozoon that is actively motile yet appears to lack both actin and tubulin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nematodiasis
Infection with nematode parasites. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nematodirella longispiculata
One of the thread-necked trichostrongyle nematodes in the small intestine of sheep, goats, reindeer, moose, musk ox, and pronghorn. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nematodirus
The genus of thread-necked or thin-necked trichostrongyles; slender, relatively elongated nematodes occurring in herbivorous animals, usually in the small intestine. ... Generally, they are not believed to be highly pathogenic except in poorly fed, heavily infected animals. Species include: ... Nematodirus abnormalis, common in the U.S. And occurring …

nematologist
A specialist in nematology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nematology
The science concerned with all aspects of nematodes, their biology, and their importance to humans. ... Origin: nematode + G. Logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nematosome
<cell biology> Cytoplasmic inclusion in some neurons. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

nematospermia
Spermatozoa with an elongated tail, as in humans, in contrast to spherospermia. ... Origin: nemat-+ G. Sperma, seed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nematospiroides
A genus of nematodes found mainly in mice. Its organisms are used in biomedical research. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nematospiroides dubius
A species of intestinal nematode parasites which occur most commonly in mice. Infection is by ingesting larvae. This particular species is used extensively in immunological research. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nemertina
<zoology> An order of helminths usually having a long, slender, smooth, often bright-coloured body, covered with minute vibrating cilia; called also Nemertea, Nemertida, and Rhynchocaela. ... The mouth is beneath the head, and the straight intestine at the posterior and. They have a very singular long tubular proboscis, which can be everted fr …

Nemethy, George
<person> Hungarian-U.S. Biochemist, *1934. ... See: Adair-Koshland-Nemethy-Filmer model, Koshland-Nemethy-Filmer model. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neo-
<prefix> A prefix meaning new, recent, late; and in chemistry designating specifically that variety of metameric hydrocarbons which, when the name was applied, had been recently classified, and in which at least one carbon atom in connected directly with four other carbon atoms; contrasted with normal and iso-; as, neopentane; the neoparaffin …

neoagarobiose hydrolase
<enzyme> Splits the disaccharide neoagarobiose to monosaccharides ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Neoalleviase
<chemical> Potential heroin detoxification agent; specially formulated unique combination of 14 well-identified species of higher plants ... Chemical name: neoalleviase ... Synonym: na-1700 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

neoantigens
Synonym for tumour antigens ... Antigens that may be frequently associated with tumours or may be specifically found on tumour cells of the same origin (tumour specific), tumour antigens may also be associated with replication and transformation by certain DNA tumour viruses, including adenoviruses and papovaviruses. ... Synonym: neoantigens. ... See: …

neoarsphenamine
Sodium arsphenamine methylenesulfoxylate;formerly used as an antisyphilitic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neoarthrosis
Synonym for nearthrosis ... A new joint; e.g., a pseudarthrosis arising in an ununited fracture, or an artificial joint resulting from a total joint replacement operation. ... Synonym: neoarthrosis. ... Origin: G. Neos, new, + arthrosis, a jointing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neobiogenesis
The theory that life can originate from nonliving matter. ... Origin: neo-+ G. Bios, life, + genesis, origin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neoblastic
Developing in or characteristic of new tissue. ... Origin: neo-+ G. Blastos, germ, offspring ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neocerebellum
Phylogenetic term referring to the larger lateral portion of the cerebellar hemisphere receiving its dominant input from the pontine nuclei which, in turn, are dominated by afferent nerves originating from all parts of the cerebral cortex; phylogenetically, of more recent origin than the archicerebellum and paleocerebellum, q.v., the neocerebellum …

neochymotrypsinogen
An intermediate in the conversion of chymotrypsin to alpha-chymotrypsin by chymotrypsin cleavage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neocinchophen
The ethyl ester of 6-methyl-2-phenylquinolin-4-carboxylic acid; its action and uses are similar to those of cinchophen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neoclassical diffusion
<radiobiology> In a magnetised plasma, _classical_ diffusion refers to transport of particles due to Coulomb collisions, taking the spiral orbits in the magnetic field into account. In a toroidal magnetic field, the actual rate of diffusive transport is much higher due to slow changes in the positions of the centres of the spirals, known as b …

neocortex
A six-layered tissue of the cerebral cortex, showing stratification and organization characteristic of the most highly developed type of cerebral tissue. It develops primarily through the elaboration of nonolfactory functions and, in man, makes up the major portion of the cerebral cortex. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neocystostomy
<procedure> An operation in which the ureter is implanted into the bladder. ... Origin: neo-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neoencephalon
Synonym for neencephalon ... Edinger's term for the higher levels of the central nervous system superimposed upon the metameric or propriospinal system (paleencephalon). ... Synonym: neoencephalon. ... Origin: G. Neos, new, + enkephalos, brain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neoendorphin
<protein> Opioid peptide (endorphin) cleaved from pro dynorphin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neofetal
Relating to the neofoetus or to the transition between the embryonic and foetal periods of development. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neofoetus
The intrauterine organism at about 8 weeks of development. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neoformation
1. Formation of neoplasia, or a neoplasm. ... 2. Sometimes used to indicate the process of regeneration, or a regenerated tissue or part. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neogala
The first milk formed in the breasts after childbirth. ... Origin: neo-+ G. Gala, milk ... (05 Mar 2000) ...