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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

neuroaugmentive
Related to neuroaugmentation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroaxonal dystrophies
Encephalopathies characterised by swelling in distal portions of axons (speroids) often with axonal degeneration. Neuroaxonal dystrophy is seen in various genetic diseases, vitamin deficiencies, and aging. Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (seitelberger's disease) is an autosomal recessive trait characterised by arrested psychomotor development at 6 …

neuroaxonal dystrophy
A rare disorder that begins in the second year of life and is relentlessly progressive; clinically characterised initially by walking difficulties, weakness, and areflexia, later followed by corticospinal and pseudobulbar findings, blindness, loss of pain appreciation, and mental deterioration; pathologically, eosinophilic spheroids of swollen axop …

neurobiology
The biology of the nervous system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurobiotactic movement
The streaming of nerve cells toward the area from which they receive the most stimuli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurobiotaxis
The theory that nerve cell bodies may move toward, or their axons may grow toward, the area from which they receive the most stimuli. ... Origin: G. Neuron, nerve + bios, life + taxis, arrangement ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroblast
<embryology> Cells arising by division of precursor cells in neural ectoderm (neurectoderm) that subsequently differentiate to become neurons. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

neuroblastoma
<oncology, tumour> Malignant tumour derived from primitive ganglion cells. Mainly a tumour of childhood. Commonest sites are adrenal medulla and retroperitoneal tissue. The cells may partially differentiate into cells having the appearance of immature neurons. ... The tumour shows a consistent deletion of the 1p36 region which is considered th …

neuroborreliosis
Infla mmation or disease caused by infection of the central nervous system by a member of the genus Borrelia. It is frequently a late stage in the disease process, particularly in immunosuppressed individuals, such as those suffering from AIDS. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurocalcin
<protein> Calcium binding protein (23 kD) related to recoverin. Abundant in CNS. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurocardiac
1. Relating to the nerve supply of the heart. ... 2. Relating to a cardiac neurosis. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Kardia, heart ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurocele
Rarely used collective term for the central cavity of the cerebrospinal axis; the combined ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Koilos, hollow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurocentral joint
Synonym for neurocentral synchondrosis ... The cartilaginous union on either side between the body and arch of a vertebra in the young child. ... Synonym: neurocentral joint, neurocentral suture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurocentral suture
Synonym for neurocentral synchondrosis ... The cartilaginous union on either side between the body and arch of a vertebra in the young child. ... Synonym: neurocentral joint, neurocentral suture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurocentral synchondrosis
The cartilaginous union on either side between the body and arch of a vertebra in the young child. ... Synonym: neurocentral joint, neurocentral suture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurochemistry
The science concerned with the chemical aspects of nervous system structure and function. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurochitin
Synonym: neurokeratin. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Chiton, tunic ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurochorioretinitis
Inflammation of the choroid, the retina, and the optic nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurochoroiditis
Inflammation of the choroid and the optic nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurochronaxic theory
Theory stating that variations in pitch of the human voice are produced by active muscular contractions synchronised with cycles per second of pitch, no longer believed to be true. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurocirculatory asthenia
A clinical syndrome characterised by palpitation, shortness of breath, labored breathing, subjective complaints of effort and discomfort, all following slight exertion. Other symptoms may be dizziness, tremulousness, sweating, and insomnia. Neurocirculatory asthenia is most typically seen as a form of anxiety disorder. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neurocladism
The outgrowth of axons from the central stump to bridge the gap in a cut nerve. ... Synonym: odogenesis. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Klados, a young branch ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurocranium
Those bones of the skull enclosing the brain, as distinguished from the bones of the face. ... Synonym: braincase, cranial vault, cranium cerebrale, cerebral cranium. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Kranion, skull ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurocristopathy
Developmental anomaly of the neural crest manifested by abnormal development and tumours of the neural axis. ... Origin: neuro-+ L. Crista, crest, + G. Pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurocutaneous melanosis
Cutaneous giant pigmented nevi associated with melanosis of the leptomeninges; malignant melanomas may develop in the skin or meninges. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurocutaneous syndrome
<syndrome> The occurrence of nevi and sometimes various skeletal deformities with symptoms pointing to gliosis or abiotrophy of the central nervous system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurocyte
Synonym: neuron. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Kytos, cell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurocytolysis
Destruction of neurons. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Kytos, cell, + lysis, dissolution ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurocytoma
A benign brain tumour consisting of undifferentiated cells of nervous origin, i.e., cells resembling medullary neural epithelium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neurodegenerative diseases
A varied assortment of central nervous system disorders characterised by gradual and progressive loss of neural tissue. (cecil textbook of medicine, 20th ed, p2050) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neurodegenerative disorder
A type of neurological disease marked by the loss of nerve cells. ... See: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease. ... (22 May 1997) ...

neurodendrite
Synonym for dendrite ... A long, branching outgrowth or extension from a neuron, that carries electrical signals from synapses to the cell body, unlike an axon that carries electrical signals away from the cell body. Each nerve cell usually has many dendrites. This classical definition, however, lost some weight with the discovery of axo-axonal and …

neurodendron
Synonym for dendrite ... A long, branching outgrowth or extension from a neuron, that carries electrical signals from synapses to the cell body, unlike an axon that carries electrical signals away from the cell body. Each nerve cell usually has many dendrites. This classical definition, however, lost some weight with the discovery of axo-axonal and …

neurodermatitis
<dermatology, pathology> An extremely variable eczematous dermatosis presumed to be a cutaneous response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing or pinching to relieve intense pruritus, having the potential to produce polymorphic lesions at the same or different times and varying in severity, course and morphologic expression in different i …

neurodermatosis
Synonym for neurodermatitis ... <dermatology, pathology> An extremely variable eczematous dermatosis presumed to be a cutaneous response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing or pinching to relieve intense pruritus, having the potential to produce polymorphic lesions at the same or different times and varying in severity, course and morpho …

neurodynamic
Pertaining to nervous energy. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Dynamis, force ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurodynia
Synonym: neuralgia. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Odyne, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroectoderm
<embryology> Ectoderm on the dorsal surface of the early vertebrate embryo that gives rise to the cells (neurons and glia) of the nervous system. ... Synonym: neural plate. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

neuroectodermal
Relating to the neuroectoderm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroectodermal junction
The margin of the embryonic neural plate separating it from the embryonic ectoderm; cells from this region form the neural crest. ... Synonym: neurosomatic junction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroectodermal tumour, melanotic
A benign, rapidly growing, deeply pigmented tumour of the jaw and occasionally of other sites, consisting of an infiltrating mass of cells arranged in an alveolar pattern, and occurring almost exclusively in infants. Its source of origin is in dispute, the various theories giving rise to its several names. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neuroectodermal tumour, peripheral
A heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms arising in either supportive structures or neuronal tissue. They occur in adolescents and young adults. This tumour shares a number of characteristics with ewing's sarcoma: it is highly cellular and consists of a monotonous pattern of primitive-appearing round cells. The chest wall is the most common sit …

neuroectodermal tumour, primitive
A malignant brain tumour sharing common features and biologic properties with medulloblastoma. Some pathologists and clinicians use the terms interchangeably: they both can disseminate throughout the nervous system and, in some cases, systemically. most lesions arise from the posterior fossa in children under five years of age. The tumour often pro …

neuroectodermal tumours
Malignant neoplasms arising in the neuroectoderm, the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neuroectomy
Synonym for neurectomy ... <procedure> Excision of a segment of a nerve. ... Synonym: neuroectomy. ... Origin: neur-+ G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroeffector junction
The synapse between a neuron (presynaptic) and an effector cell other than another neuron (postsynaptic). Neuroeffector junctions include synapses onto muscles and onto secretory cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neuroencephalomyelopathy
Disease of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroendocrine
1. Pertaining to the anatomical and functional relationships between the nervous system and the endocrine apparatus. ... 2. Descriptive of cells that release a hormone into the circulating blood in response to a neural stimulus. Such cells may comprise a peripheral endocrine gland (e.g., the insulin-secreting beta cells of the islets of Langerhans i …

neuroendocrine cell
Synonym for neurohormone ... <endocrinology> A hormone secreted by specialised neurons (neuroendocrine cells), for example releasing hormones. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neuroendocrine transducer cell
An endocrine cell that releases its hormonal product into the bloodstream only upon receipt of a nervous impulse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroendocrine tumours
Tumours whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumours include ectopic hormone production (often via apud cells), the presence of tumour-associated antigens, and isozyme composition. …

neuroendocrinology
The study of the anatomical and functional relationships between the nervous system and the endocrine system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neuroepithelial
Relating to the neuroepithelium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroepithelial body
A corpuscular aggregate of nonciliated cells containing neurosecretory substance found in normal bronchial epithelium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroepithelial cells
Synonym for neuroepithelium ... neuroectoderm ...

neuroepithelial layer of retina
The outermost layer of the cerebral layer of retina, composed of the primary receptor cells of the retina; the stratum consists of two sublayers: 1) an external layer made up of the rods and cones, the photosensitive processes of the receptor cells, and 2) the external nuclear layer containing the cell bodies of these cells; the external limiting m …

neuroepithelium
Synonym for neuroectoderm ... <embryology> Ectoderm on the dorsal surface of the early vertebrate embryo that gives rise to the cells (neurons and glia) of the nervous system. ... Synonym: neural plate. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

neuroepithelium cristae ampullaris
neuroepithelium of ampullary crest ...

neuroepithelium maculae
Synonym for neuroepithelium of macula ... The specialised sensory hair cells of the epithelium of the macula sacculi and macula utriculi. ... Synonym: neuroepithelium maculae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroepithelium of macula
The specialised sensory hair cells of the epithelium of the macula sacculi and macula utriculi. ... Synonym: neuroepithelium maculae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurofascin
<protein> Axon associated adhesion molecule of the vertebrate nervous system. Contains 6 Ig like motifs and 4 fibronectin type II repeats. (Related to Ng CAM, Nr CAM). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurofibril
A filamentous structure seen with the light microscope in the nerve cell's body, dendrites, axon, and sometimes synaptic endings, as aggregations of much finer ultramicroscopic elements, the neurofilaments and microtubules; their functional significance remains to be established. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurofibrillar
Relating to neurofibrils. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurofibrillar nerve
<anatomy, nerve> The intertwined patterns formed by neurofibrils in the neuron. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurofibrillary degeneration
Formation of coarse, argentophilic, intracytoplasmic fibres, often in complex tangles within intracranial nerve cells that are undergoing aging. ... See: Alzheimer's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurofibrillary tangle
<cell biology> Accumulation of twisted protein fragments inside nerve cells. Neurofibrillary tangles are one of the characteristic structural abnormalities found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease patients. ... Upon autopsy, the presence of neuritic plaquesand neurofibrillary tangles is used to positively diagnose Alzheimer's d …

neurofibrils
<cell biology> Filaments found in neurons, not necessarily neurofilaments in all cases and in the older literature fibrils are composed of both microtubules and neurofilaments. Originally used by light microscopists to describe much larger fibrils seen particularly well with silver staining methods. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurofibroma
<oncology, tumour> A neurofibroma is a smooth, polypoid, soft or firm tumour that arises from the Schwann cells and fibroblasts of the neurilemmal sheath. They may grow anywhere in the myelinated nervous system. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

neurofibroma, plexiform
A type of neurofibroma representing an anomaly rather than a true neoplasm, in which the proliferation of schwann cells occurs from the inner aspect of the nerve sheath, thereby resulting in an irregularly thickened, distorted, tortuous structure. In some instances the process extends along the course of the nerve and may eventually involve the spi …

neurofibromatosis
<oncology> One of the most common disorders in genetics, neurofibromatosis encompasses at least two diseases, designated NF-1 and NF-2. ... NF-1 or classic neurofibromatosis, is characterised by the familiar cafe- au-lait spots, axillary freckling, cutaneous and visceral neurofibromas (which sometimes undergo malignant transformation), gliomas …

neurofibromatosis 1
A congenital autosomal dominant disorder characterised by developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin especially in those derived from the embryonic neural crest. There are multiple cutaneous tumours and tumours of the peripheral and central nervous system. The disease has been linked to mutations of the nf1 gene on chromo …

neurofibromatosis 2
Severe autosomal dominant disorder characterised especially by bilateral acoustic neuromas as well as other multiple tumours including meningiomas, ependymomas, spinal neurofibromas, and gliomas. The disease has been linked to mutations of the nf2 gene on chromosome 22. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neurofibrosarcoma
A malignant tumour of neural sheath origin. Although superficially similar in appearance to fibrosarcoma, it is more aggressive and its cells are more variable in size and shape. The most common primary sites are the extremities, retroperitoneum, and trunk. It accounts for 5-10% of all non-rhabdomyosarcomatous soft tissue sarcomas in children. Neur …

neurofilament
<cell biology> Member of the class of intermediate filaments found in axons of nerve cells. ... In vertebrates assembled from three distinct protein subunits. (neurofilament L, 68 kD, neurofilament M, 160 kD, & neurofilament H 200 kD) These proteins, if introduced into fibroblasts, will incorporate into the vimentin filament system. ... (29 …

neurofilament proteins
Type III intermediate filament proteins that assemble into neurofilaments, the major cytoskeletal element in nerve axons and dendrites. They consist of three distinct polypeptides, the neurofilament triplet. Types I, II, and IV intermediate filament proteins form other cytoskeletal elements such as keratins and lamins. It appears that the metabolis …

neurofilament-associated kinase
<enzyme> Phosphorylates a subset of peptides in vitro which are phosphorylated in vivo in cultured neurons ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: naf kinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

neuroganglion
Synonym for ganglion ... 1. A knot or knotlike mass. ... 2. <anatomy> A general term for a group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system, occasionally applied to certain nuclear groups within the brain or spinal cord, for example basal ganglia. ... 3. <oncology, tumour> A benign cystic tumour occurring on a aponeuro …

neurogastric
Relating to the innervation of the stomach. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurogenesis
<embryology> Differentiation of the nervous system from the ectoderm of the early embryo. There are major differences between neurogenesis in vertebrates and invertebrates. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurogenic
<embryology> Arising from or caused by the nervous system. ... Origin: Gr. Gennan = to produce ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

neurogenic atrophy
Synonym for trophoneurotic atrophy ... Abnormalities of the skin, hair, nails, subcutaneous tissues and bone, caused by peripheral nerve lesions. ... Synonym: neuritic atrophy, neurogenic atrophy, neurotrophic atrophy, trophic changes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurogenic bladder
A dysfunction of the bladder due a malfunction of the autonomic nerves which control bladder function. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

neurogenic fracture
A fracture in bone weakened by disease of the nerve supply. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurogenic gene
Best described in Drosophila, genes that are required to determine a neuronal fate. ... Examples: Notch, Delta. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurogenic shock
<neurology> This form of distributive shock results from a change in systemic vascular resistance, mediated by a neurologic injury (for example, head injury, spinal cord injury). ... Synonym: spinal shock. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

neurogenic tonus
Contraction of a muscle caused by the influence of its extrinsic nerve supply ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurogenous
Synonym for neurogenic ... <embryology> Arising from or caused by the nervous system. ... Origin: Gr. Gennan = to produce ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

neuroglia
Synonym for glial cell ... <pathology> Specialised cells that surround neurons, providing mechanical and physical support and electrical insulation between neurons. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...

neuroglia cells
See: neuroglia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurogliacyte
A neuroglia cell. ... See: neuroglia. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Glia, glue, + kytos, cell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroglial
Neurogliar ... Relating to neuroglia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroglian
Protein isolated from Drosophila nervous system that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It contains 6 immunoglobulin like domains and 5 fibronectin type III domains and has strong sequence homology to mouse NCAM L1. Two different forms of neuroglian arise by differential splicing. These have identical extracellular domains but differ in …

neuroglioma
<oncology, tumour> May be subdivided into primary brain tumours and the more common, secondary brain tumours. Primary brain tumours (for example astrocytoma, craniopharyngioma, glioma, ependymoma, neuroglioma, oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma multiforme, meningioma, medulloblastoma) arise from the uncontrolled proliferation of cells within the …

neurogliomatosis
Synonym for gliomatosis ... Neoplastic growth of neuroglial cells in the brain or spinal cord; the term is used especially with reference to a relatively large neoplasm or to multiple foci. ... Synonym: neurogliomatosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurogram
The imprint on the brain substance theoretically remaining after every mental experience, i.e., the engram or physical register of the mental experience, stimulation of which retrieves and reproduces the original experience, thereby producing memory. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Gramma, something written ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurohemal
Descriptive of structures containing neurosecretory neurons, whose axons form no synapses with other neurons and whose axonal endings are modified to permit storage and release into the circulation of neurosecretory material. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Haima, blood + suffix -in, material ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurohemal organs
Brain areas from which substances enter blood e.g., the neurohypophysis from which oxytocin and vasopressin enter blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurohistology
The microscopic anatomy of the nervous system. ... Synonym: histoneurology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurohormone
<endocrinology> A hormone secreted by specialised neurons (neuroendocrine cells), for example releasing hormones. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurohumor
An obsolete term for the active chemical substance liberated at nerve endings with exciting effect on adjacent structures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...