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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


neuropharmacology
The branch of pharmacology dealing especially with the action of drugs upon various parts of the nervous system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neurophilic
Synonym: neurotropic. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Philos, fond ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurophonia
A spasm or tic of the muscles of phonation causing involuntary sounds or cries. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Phone, voice ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurophysin
<protein> Carrier protein (10 kD, 90-97 amino acids) that transports neurohypophysial hormones along axons, from the hypothalamus to the posterior lobe of the pituitary. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurophysins
A group of small, soluble proteins secreted by the hypothalamus. They serve as binding proteins for oxytocin and vasopressin during their transport to the posterior pituitary. They are secreted with the hormones but have no known functions other than serving as a carrier. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neurophysiology
Physiology of the nervous system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuropil
A dense intricate feltwork of interwoven fine glial processes, fibrils, synaptic terminals, axons, and dendrites interspersed among the nerve cells in the gray matter of the central nervous system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neuropil threads
Abnormal structures located chiefly in distal dendrites and, along with neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, constitute the three morphological hallmarks of alzheimer disease. Neuropil threads are made up of straight and paired helical filaments which consist of abnormally phosphorylated microtubule-associated tau proteins. It has been sugge …

neuropile
The complex, feltlike net of axonal, dendritic, and glial arborizations that forms the bulk of the central nervous system's gray matter, and in which the nerve cell bodies lie embedded. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Pilos, felt ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroplasm
The protoplasm of a nerve cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroplasty
Plastic surgery of the nerves. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Plastos, formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroplegic
Pertaining to paralysis due to nervous system disease. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Plege, a stroke ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroplexus
A plexus or network of nerve cells or fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuropodia
Synonym: axon terminals. ... Origin: pl. Of neuropodium or neuropodion, fr. Neuro-+ G. Podion, little foot ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuropraxia
<neurology> A temporary nerve dysfunction. Hitting your funny bone is an example of an ulnar nerve neuropraxia. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

neuroprotective agents
Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimise the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids. ... (12 Dec 1 …

neuropsychiatry
The specialty dealing with both organic and psychic disorders of the nervous system; earlier term for psychiatry. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuropsychologic disorder
A disturbance of mental function due to brain trauma, associated with one of more of the following: neurocognitive, psychotic, neurotic, behavioural, or psychophysiologic manifestations, or mental impairment. ... See: mental illness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuropsychologic test
<investigation> One of a number of tests designed to measure certain aspects of brain function, such as memory, concentration, attention and visual/motor skills. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

neuropsychological
Pertaining to neuropsychology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuropsychological tests
Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviours. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neuropsychologist
<specialist> A psychologist who specialises in ailments of the mind and mental processes caused by disease of the nervous system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuropsychology
A branch of psychology which investigates the correlation between experience or behaviour and the basic neurophysiological processes. The term neuropsychology stresses the dominant role of the nervous system. It is a more narrowly defined field than physiological psychology or psychophysiology. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neuropsychopathic
Relating to neuropsychopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuropsychopathy
An emotional illness of neurologic and/or functional origin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuropsychopharmacology
Synonym for psychopharmacology ... <study> The study of the effect of drugs and medicines on psychological processes. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

neuroptera
<zoology> An order of hexapod insects having two pairs of large, membranous, net-veined wings. The mouth organs are adapted for chewing. They feed upon other insects, and undergo a complete metamorphosis. The ant-lion, hellgamite, and lacewing fly are examples. Formerly, the name was given to a much more extensive group, including the true Ne …

neuroradiography
Radiography of the central nervous system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neuroradiologist
<specialist> A radiologist who specialises in the use of radioactive substances, X-rays and scanning devices for the diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroradiology
The clinical subspecialty concerned with the diagnostic radiology of diseases of the central nervous system, head, and neck. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurorelapse
An obsolete term for the recurrence of neurological symptoms upon initiation of therapy, especially with antisyphilitic drugs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroretinitis
An inflammation affecting the optic nerve head and the posterior pole of the retina, with cells in the nearby vitreous, usually producing a macular star. ... Synonym: papilloretinitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurorrhaphy
Joining together, usually by suture, of the two parts of a divided nerve. ... Synonym: nerve suture, neurosuture. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Rhaphe, suture ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurosarcocleisis
An operation for the relief of neuralgia, consisting of resection of one of the walls of an osseous canal traversed by the nerve and transposition of the nerve into the soft tissues. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Sarx, flesh, + kleisis, closure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurosarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology. Involvement the central nervous system is referred to as neurosarcoidosis. This condition generally occurs only if there has been substantial systemic involvement. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

neurosarcoma
<tumour> A sarcoma with neuromatous elements; includes neurofibrosarcoma, neurogenic sarcoma, and malignant schwannoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neuroschwannoma
Synonym for schwannoma ... <tumour> A benign, encapsulated neoplasm in which the fundamental component is structurally identical to a syncytium of Schwann cells; the neoplastic cells proliferate within the endoneurium, and the perineurium forms the capsule. The neoplasm may originate from a peripheral or sympathetic nerve, or from various cran …

neurosciences
The scientific disciplines concerned with the embryology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, etc., of the nervous sytem. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neurosecretion
The release of a secretory substance from the axon terminals of certain nerve cells in the brain into the circulating blood. The secretory product may be a true hormone, e.g., the antidiuretic hormone released from the axon terminals of the neurons composing the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus; in the case of the so-called releasing-factor n …

neurosecretory
Relating to neurosecretion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurosecretory cell
Cells that have properties both of electrical activity, carrying impulses and a secretory function, releasing hormones into the bloodstream. In a sense, they are behaving in the same way as any chemically signalling neuron, except that the target is the blood (and remote tissues), not another nerve or post synaptic region. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurosecretory cells
Nerve cell's, such as those of the hypothalamus, that elaborate a chemical substance (such as a releasing factor, neuropeptide, or, more rarely, a true hormone) that influences the activity of another structure (e.g., anterior lobe of the hypophysis). See also neurosecretion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurosecretory systems
A system of neurons that has the specialised function to produce and secrete hormones, and that constitutes, in whole or in part, an endocrine organ or system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neurosis tarda
Neurotic patterns developing in older people, related to organic cerebral lesions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurosomatic junction
Synonym for neuroectodermal junction ... The margin of the embryonic neural plate separating it from the embryonic ectoderm; cells from this region form the neural crest. ... Synonym: neurosomatic junction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurosplanchnic
Synonym: neurovisceral. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Splanchnon, a viscus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurospongium
1. Obsolete term for the plexus of neurofibrils within nerve cells. ... 2. Obsolete designation for the reticular layer of the retina. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Spongion, small sponge ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Neurospora
A fungus of the group Ascomycetes. It is haploid and grows as a mycelium. There are two mating types and fusion of nuclei of two opposite types leads to meiosis followed by mitosis. The resulting eight nuclei generate eight ascospores. These are arranged linearly in an ordered fashion in a pod like ascus, so that the various products of meiotic div …

neurospora crassa
A species of ascomycetous fungi of the family sordariaceae, order sordariales much used in genetic and physiologic studies. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neurostimulator
A device for electrical excitation of the central or peripheral nervous system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurosurgeon
A medically qualified specialist in surgery who has subspecialised in the surgery of the brain, spinal cord and other nervous tissue. Some neurosurgeons also practise neurology because specialists in that field are rare. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

neurosurgery
A surgical specialty concerned with the treatment of diseases and disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral and sympathetic nervous system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neurosurgical
As pertaining to the specialty of neurosurgery. A problem that requires neurosurgical intervention. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

neurosurgical procedures
Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neurosuture
Synonym for neurorrhaphy ... Joining together, usually by suture, of the two parts of a divided nerve. ... Synonym: nerve suture, neurosuture. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Rhaphe, suture ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurosyphilis
An advanced (stage III) syphilitic infection (Treponema pallidum) affecting nervous structures. ... Symptoms include ataxia, dementia and tabes dorsalis (staggering gait and postural difficulties). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

neurosyphilis, tabes
Also known as tabes dorsalis, the slowly progressive degeneration of the spinal cord that occurs in the late (tertiary) phase of syphilis a decade or more after contracting the infection. Among the terrible features are lancinating lightning-like pain, ataxia (wobbliness), deterioration of the nerve to the eye (the optic nerve) leading to blindness …

neurotaxis
Neuronal elongation in the direction of a target. ... Origin: neuro-+ taxis, arrangement ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotendinous
Relating to both nerves and tendons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotendinous organ
Synonym for Golgi tendon organ ... <cell biology, physiology> A proprioceptive sensory nerve ending embedded among the fibres of a tendon, often near the musculotendinous junction; it is compressed and activated by any increase of the tendon's tension, caused either by active contraction or passive stretch of the corresponding muscle. ... Synon …

neurotendinous spindle
Synonym for Golgi tendon organ ... <cell biology, physiology> A proprioceptive sensory nerve ending embedded among the fibres of a tendon, often near the musculotendinous junction; it is compressed and activated by any increase of the tendon's tension, caused either by active contraction or passive stretch of the corresponding muscle. ... Synon …

neurotensin
<protein> Tridecapeptide hormone (sequence: ELYENKPRRPYIL) of gastrointestinal tract: has general vascular and neuroendocrine actions. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurotension
Synonym for neurectasis ... The operation of stretching a nerve or nerve trunk. ... Synonym: neurotension. ... Origin: neur-+ G. Ektasis, extension ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurothekeoma
A benign myxoma of cutaneous nerve sheath origin. Theke is from the greek theke, sheath. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neurothele
Synonym: nerve papilla. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Thele, nipple ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotherapeutics
Neurotherapy ... The treatment of psychological, psychiatric, and nervous disorders. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurothlipsis
Neurothlipsia ... Pressure on one or more nerves. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Thlipsis, pressure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotic
1. Pertaining to or characterised by neurosis. ... 2. A person affected with a neurosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurotic disorders
Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognised by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neurotic excoriation
Repeated self-induced excoriation, with or without underlying skin lesions, associated with compulsive or neurotic behavioural problems. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotic manifestation
A manifestation characterised by such defenses as conversion, dissociation, displacement, phobia formation, or repetitive thoughts and acts being utilised to handle anxiety; in contrast to psychotic manifestation's, gross distortion or falsification of reality is not exhibited, and gross disintegration of the personality is not usually observed. …

neuroticism
The condition or psychological trait of being neurotic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotise
To provide with nerve substance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotization
The acquisition of nervous substance; the regeneration of a nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotmesis
A type of axon loss lesion resulting from focal peripheral nerve injury in which, at the lesion site, the nerve stroma is damaged to varying degrees, as well as the axon and myelin, which degenerate from that point distally; with the most severe neurotmesis lesions, the gross continuity of the nerve is disrupted. ... See: axonotmesis, neurapraxia.
neurotology
Synonym: neuro-otology. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Ous (ot-), ear, + logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotonic
1. Relating to neurotony. ... 2. Strengthening or stimulating impaired nervous action. ... 3. An agent that improves the tone or force of the nervous system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotonic reaction
Muscular contraction continuing well after cessation of stimulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotoxic
Poisonous or destructive to nerve tissue. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurotoxic esterase
<enzyme> Site of biochemical lesion in delayed neuronal degeneration produced by certain organophosphorus esters; insensitive to organophosphorus cpds such as paraoxon, but sensitive to mipafox ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- ... Synonym: phenylvalerate esterase, neuropathy target esterase, phenyl valerate hydrolase, nte, lymphocyte neuropathy …

neurotoxicity
Toxicity to nervous tissue (both brain and peripheral nerves). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

neurotoxin
<protein> A substance, often exquisitely toxic, that inhibits neuronal function. Neurotoxins act typically against the sodium channel (e.g. TTX) or block or enhance synaptic transmission (curare, bungarotoxin). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurotoxins
Toxic substances from microorganisms, plants or animals that interfere with the functions of the nervous system. most venoms contain neurotoxic substances. Myotoxins are included in this concept. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neurotransmission
Passage of signals from one nerve cell to anothervia chemical substances or electrical signals. ... (22 May 1997) ...

neurotransmitter
Any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenalin …

neurotransmitter agents
Substances used for their pharmacological actions on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

neurotransmitter system
A group of nerve cells that use the sameneurotransmitter to communicate. ... (22 May 1997) ...

neurotransmitter uptake inhibitors
Drugs that inhibit the transport of neurotransmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. For many transmitters, uptake determines the time course of transmitter action so inhibiting uptake prolongs the activity of the transmitter. Blocking uptake may also deplete available transmitter stores. Many clinically important dr …

neurotransmitters
Endogenous signaling molecules that alter the behaviour of neurons or effector cells. Neurotransmitter is used here in its most general sense, including not only messengers that act directly to regulate ion channels, but also those that act through second messenger systems, and those that act at a distance from their site of release. Included are n …

neurotrauma
1. Trauma of the nervous system. ... 2. Trauma or wounding of a nerve. ... Synonym: neurotrosis. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Trauma, injury ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotripsy
Operative crushing of a nerve. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Tripsis, a rubbing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotrophic
Involved in the nutrition (or maintenance) of neural tissue. Classic example is nerve growth factor. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurotrophic atrophy
Synonym for trophoneurotic atrophy ... Abnormalities of the skin, hair, nails, subcutaneous tissues and bone, caused by peripheral nerve lesions. ... Synonym: neuritic atrophy, neurogenic atrophy, neurotrophic atrophy, trophic changes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotrophic factor
A molecule, usually a protein, that will facilitate the growth or repair of nerve cells. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

neurotrophic keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea after corneal anaesthesia. ... Synonym: neuroparalytic keratitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotrophin 3
Member of the family of neurotrophic factors or neurotrophins that also includes Nerve Growth Factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF) that have about 50% aa sequence identity. NT 3 was the first member of the family to have its sequence determined by molecular techniques without the need for prior purification of the protein from natural …

neurotrophins
Molecules with closely related structures that are known to support the survival of different classes of embryonic neurons. ... See: Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 3 (NT 3). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurotrophy
Nutrition and metabolism of tissues under nervous influence. ... Origin: neuro-+ G. Trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

neurotropic
Having an affinity for or growing towards, neural tissue. Rabies virus, which localises in neurons, is referred to as neurotropic, can also be used to refer to chemicals. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

neurotropic attraction
The pull of a regenerating axon toward the motor end-plate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...