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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

Noguchia
A genus of aerobic to facultatively anaerobic, motile, peritrichous bacteria (family Brucellaceae) containing small, slender, Gram-negative, encapsulated rods. These organisms are present in the conjunctiva of man and other animals affected by a follicular type of disease. The type species is Noguchia granulosis. ... Origin: Hideyo Noguchi, Japanese …

Noguchia cuniculi
A species which causes conjunctival folliculosis in rabbits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Noguchia granulosis
A species regarded by some as a cause of trachoma in man; it produces a granular conjunctivitis in monkeys and apes; it is the type species of the genus Noguchia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Noguchia simiae
A species which causes conjunctival folliculosis in monkeys (Macacus rhesus). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

noise
1. Sound of any kind. 'The heavens turn about in a most rapid motion without noise to us perceived.' (Bacon) ... Noise is either a sound of too short a duration to be determined, like the report of a cannon; or else it is a confused mixture of many discordant sounds, like the rolling of thunder or the noise of the waves. Nevertheless, the difference …

noise-induced deafness
A type of sensorineural deafness caused by prolonged exposure to loud sounds, e.g., jet engines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

noise, occupational
Noise present in occupational, industrial, and factory situations. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

noise, transportation
Noise associated with transportation, particularly aircraft and automobiles. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

noisome
1. Noxious to health; hurtful; mischievous; unwholesome; insalubrious; destructive; as, noisome effluvia. 'Noisome pestilence.' ... 2. Offensive to the smell or other senses; disgusting; fetid. 'Foul breath is noisome.' Noi'somely, Noi'someness. ... Synonym: Noxious, unwholesome, insalubrious, mischievous, destructive. ... Noisome, Noxious. These word …

nojirimycin
<drug> Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces strains, inhibits _ glucosidases and prevents normal glycosylation of proteins by interfering with the early pruning down to the core carbohydrate that is normally followed by addition of specific sugar residues. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

noli-me-tangere
1. <botany> Any plant of a genus of herbs (Impatiens) having capsules which, if touched when ripe, discharge their seeds. See Impatiens. The squirting cucumber. See Cucumber. ... 2. <medicine> A name formerly applied to several varieties of ulcerous cutaneous diseases, but now restricted to Lupus exedens, an ulcerative affection of the n …

nomad
One of a race or tribe that has no fixed location, but wanders from place to place in search of pasture or game. ... Origin: L. Nomas, -adis, Gr, pasturing, roaming without fixed home, fr. A pasture, allotted abode, fr. To distribute, allot, drive to pasture; prob. Akin to AS. Niman to take, and E. Nimble: cf. F. Nomade. Cf. Astronomy, Economy, Nimb …

Nomarski, Georges
<person> 20th century French optical inventor. ... See: Nomarski optics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nomatophobia
Synonym for onomatophobia ... <psychology> Abnormal dread of certain words or names because of their supposed significance. ... Synonym: nomatophobia. ... Origin: G. Onoma, name, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nomenclatural type
The constituent element of a taxon to which the name of the taxon is permanently attached; the type of a species is preferably a strain (in special cases it may be a description, a preserved specimen or preparation, or an illustration); the type of a genus is a species; and the type of an order, family, or tribe is the genus on whose name the name …

nomenclature
<zoology> The description of new taxa or alterations to the concept of previously described taxa which involve changes in the names of taxa. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

Nomenklatur Kommission
Committee on Nomenclature of the German Anatomical Society, appointed to revise or supplement the BNA (1895). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nomifensine
<chemical> 8-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-phenylisoquinoline. An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute haemolytic anaemia with intravascular haemolysis resulting from its use. In …

nomifensine maleate
8-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-phenylisoquinoline maleate;an antidepressant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Nomina Anatomica
The modification of the Basle Nomina Anatomica or BNA system of anatomical terminology adopted in 1955 by the International Congress of Anatomists in Paris, France. The International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee is responsible for continued revisions of the NA which are reviewed and adopted by the International Congress of Anatomists meeting a …

nominal aphasia
An aphasia in which the principal deficit is difficulty in naming persons and objects seen, heard, or felt; due to lesions in various portions of the language area. ... Synonym: amnestic aphasia, amnesic aphasia, anomia, anomic aphasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nominal taxon
<zoology> A named taxon, objectively defined by its type taxon ... Thus the nominal family muscidae is always the one to which its nominal type genus, Musca, belongs. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

nominate
1. To mention by name; to name. 'To nominate them all, it is impossible.' (Shak) ... 2. To call; to entitle; to denominate. ... 3. To set down in express terms; to state. 'Is it so noiminated in the bond?' (Shak) ... 4. To name, or designate by name, for an office or place; to appoint; especially, to name as a candidate for an election, choice, or app …

nominate subordinate taxon
<zoology> A subordinate taxon which bears the same names as its immediate higher taxon. Thus Grus grus is the nominate species of the genus Grus. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

nomogram
A form of line chart showing scales for the variables involved in a particular formula in such a way that corresponding values for each variable lie in a straight line intersecting all the scales. ... Synonym: nomograph. ... Origin: G. Nomos, law, + gramma, something written ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nomograph
1. A graph consisting of three coplanar curves, usually parallel, each graduated for a different variable so that a straight line cutting all three curves intersects the related values of each variable. ... Synonym: nomogram. ... Origin: G. Nomos, law, + grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nomology
1. <study> The science of law; legislation. ... 2. The science of the laws of the mind; rational psychology. ... Origin: Gr. Law. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

nomothetic
Denoting the generalizations pertaining to the behaviour of groups of individuals as groups, as opposed to idiographic. ... Origin: G. Nomos, law, + thesis, a placing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nomothetic approach
A frame of psychologic reference that attempts to provide norms and general principles of behaviour by the study of groups. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nomotopic
Relating to, or occurring at, the usual or normal place. ... Origin: G. Nomos, law, custom, + topos, place ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

non compos mentis
Not of sound mind; mentally incapable of managing one's affairs. ... Origin: L. Non, not, + compos, participating, competent, + mens, gen. Mentis, mind ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

non-A, non-B hepatitis
Hepatitis caused by two or more infectious agents not detectable by methods that reveal the presence of hepatitis viruses A and B; one cause, now called type C hepatitis has been identified; may follow blood transfusion and is often seen in chronic renal dialysis patients. ... Synonym: NANB hepatitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

non-A, non-B hepatitis virus
Term used to group any of a number of viruses, other than A or B, which cause hepatitis in humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis
Hepatitis caused by viral organisms other than hepatitis viruses A, B or C. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

non-arcon articulator
An articulator with the equivalent condylar guides attached to the lower member and the hinge axis to the upper member. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

non-direct transmission
<epidemiology> A mode of transmission that differs in some mysterious way from indirect transmission. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

non-haem iron protein
<biochemistry> Any protein containing iron but not any haem iron; e.g., NADH dehydrogenase. They are often found in oxidation-reduction reactions, and contain iron but no porphyrin groups. ... (17 Jul 2002) ...

non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
<oncology, tumour> A group of lymphomas which differ in important ways from Hodgkin's disease and are classified according to the microscopic appearance of the cancer cells. The disease is classified as either low grade (slowly growing), intermediate grade or high grade (rapidly growing) and may be treated in a variety of ways depending on th …

non-ionic contrast media
<radiology> A class of radiographic contrast media which do not ionise in solution, thereby decreasing effective osmolarity and toxicity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

non-linear
Not linear. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

non-Newtonian fluid
<chemistry, physics> A fluid in which the viscosity varies depending upon the shear stress. The effect can arise because of alignment of nonspherical molecules as flow is established or because of suspended deformable particles as in blood. ... It relates to a fluid in which flow and rate of shear are not always proportional to the applied str …

non-nucleated
<cell biology> Having no nucleus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

non-PKU hyperphenylalaninaemia
A benign phenotype in which phenylalanine monooxygenase is deficient but is greater than 1% of normal levels. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

non-rapid eye movement
Slow oscillation of the eyes during sleep. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

non-ribosomal peptide synthase
<enzyme> Nrp - non-ribosomal peptide/polyketide; locus nrp is mutated in a swarming-defective proteus mirabilis strain; 249 amino acid residues, mw 29.7 kD; amimo acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 6.3.2.- ... Synonym: nrpg protein, nrpg gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

non-specific
1. Not due to any single known cause, as to a particular pathogen. ... 2. Not directed against a particular agent, but rather having a general effect, as non-specific therapy. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

non-specific anergy
Synonym for negative anergy ... A reduction of the normal or usual immunologic responses because of unrelated intervening disease. ... Synonym: non-specific anergy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

non-specific cholinesterase
Synonym for cholinesterase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine tostop its action. ... (22 May 1997) ...

non-specific protein
A protein substance that elicits a response not mediated by specific antigen-antibody reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

non-specific system
Synonym for reticular activating system ... <physiology> A physiological term denoting that part of the brainstem reticular formation that plays a central role in the organism's bodily and behavorial alertness. ... It extends as a diffusely organised neural apparatus through the central region of the brainstem into the subthalamus and the intra …

non-specific therapy
The injection of a foreign protein, typhoid vaccine, etc., to induce fever in the treatment of certain diseases, especially those of a parasyphilitic nature. ... Synonym: phlogotherapy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

non-specific urethritis
Urethritis not resulting from gonococcal, chlamydial, or other specific infectious agents. ... Synonym: simple urethritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

non-specific vaginitis
bacterial vaginosis ...

non-stereospecific dipeptidase
<enzyme> Hydrolyzes d- or l-amino acid peptides from the brain of cephalopods ... Registry number: EC 3.4.13.17 ... Synonym: peptidyl-d-amino acid hydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
<pharmacology> A large group of anti-inflammatory agents that work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins. They exert anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic actions. ... Examples include: ibuprofen, ketoprofen, piroxicam, naproxen, sulindac, aspirin, choline subsalicylate, diflunisal, fenoprofen, indomethacin, meclofenamate, sals …

non-steroidal oestrogens
<pharmacology> Non-steroidal compounds with oestrogenic activity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nonabsorbable ligature
A permanent ligature of inert material, such as silk, wire, or synthetic fibre, that does not undergo dissolution in human tissues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nonabsorbable surgical suture
Surgical suture material that is relatively unaffected by the biological activities of the body tissues and is therefore permanent unless removed; e.g., stainless steel, silk, cotton, nylon, and other synthetic materials. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nonaccommodative esotropia
That type of esotropia not influenced by correction of refractive error. ... Synonym: basic esotropia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nonachlazine
<chemical> 2-chloro-10-(3-(hexahydropyrrolo(1,2-a) pyrazin-2-(1h)-oxopropyl-10h-phenothiazine. Coronary vasodilator with a novel mechanism of action; proposed as antianginal agent. ... Pharmacological action: vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: 10H-Phenothiazine, 2-chloro-10-(3-(hexahydropyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazin-2(1H)-yl)-1-oxopropyl)-, dihydro …

nonagesimal
<astronomy> Of or pertaining to the ninetieth degree or to a nonagesimal. ... Origin: L. Nonagesimus the ninetieth. See Nonagenarian. ... <astronomy> The middle or highest point of the part of the ecliptic which is at any given moment above the horizon. It is the ninetieth degree of the ecliptic, reckoned from the points in which it is in …

nonallele
Used of genes that are not competitors at the same locus; how independently they will behave depends on whether their loci are linked. At least when first formed (for instance, as a result of unequal crossing-over) two nonalleles may be identical. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nonan
Occurring on the ninth day. ... Origin: L. Nonus, ninth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nonan malaria
A malarial fever with paroxysms that occur every ninth day, i.e., every eighth day following the preceding paroxysm, the day of each paroxysm being included in the computation. ... Ovale malaria ... Ovale tertian malaria, malaria caused by Plasmodium ovale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nonanatomic teeth
Teeth with occlusal surfaces not based on anatomic forms; artificial teeth so designed that the occlusal surfaces are not copied from natural forms, but rather are given forms which in the opinion of the designer seem more nearly to fulfill the requirements of mastication, tissue tolerance, etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nonapeptide
An oligopeptide containing nine amino acid residues (e.g., oxytocin). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nonbacterial verrucous endocarditis
Synonym for Libman-Sacks endocarditis ... Verrucous endocarditis sometimes associated with disseminated lupus erythematosus. ... Synonym: atypical verrucous endocarditis, Libman-Sacks syndrome, nonbacterial verrucous endocarditis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nonbursate
Denoting a nontaxonomic division of Nematoda embracing those in which the male copulatory bursa is only a skin fold containing no fleshy ribs, as seen in the hookworms, and other bursate nematodes. ... Origin: L. Non, not, + Mediev. L. Bursa, purse ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

noncalcified
<radiology> Not containing calcium. This distinction can often be made by the appearance on conventional X-ray. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

noncariogenic
Not caries-producing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

noncellular
1. Lacking cellular organization, as applied to viruses, which can only replicate within a cell, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic. ... Synonym: subcellular. ... Synonym: acellular. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nonchromaffin paraganglioma
Synonym for chemodectoma ... Aortic body, carotid body, chemoreceptor, or glomus jugulare tumour; nonchromaffin paraganglioma; receptoma; a relatively rare, usually benign neoplasm originating in the chemoreceptor tissue of the carotid body, glomus jugulare, and aortic bodies; consisting histologically of rounded or ovoid hyperchromatic cells that t …

nonchromogens
Synonym for group III mycobacteria ... Mycobacteria that are either colourless or that slowly produce a light yellow pigment when grown in the presence of light. Organisms placed in this group belong to the species Mycobacterium intracellulare. ... Synonym: nonchromogens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nonclassical phenylketonuria
Synonym for malignant hyperphenylalaninaemia ... DHPR-deficient form; an inherited disorder in which there is an absence or deficiency of dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR); this results in impaired regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin, causing an elevation in phenylalanine levels, GTP-CH form; an inherited disorder in which there is a deficiency of g …

nonclonogenic cell
A cell that does not give rise to a colony of cell's (large numbers of cell's that are genetically identical); may undergo two or more cell divisions, but all daughter cell's are destined to die or differentiate (losing all potential to divide). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

noncoding DNA
<molecular biology> DNA that does not code for part of a polypeptide chain or RNA.This includes introns and pseudo genes. In eukaryotes the majority of the DNA is noncoding. Noncoding strand refers to the so called nonsense strand, as opposed to the sense strand which is actually translated into mRNA. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

noncohesive gold
Gold that will not weld because gases adsorb to the surface; some forms may be made cohesive by heat treatment; in dentistry, used as a direct filling material. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

noncomedogenic
Tending not to promote the formation of comedones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

noncommercial species
Tree species that do not normally develop into suitable trees for conventional forest products because of small size, poor form, or inferior quality. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

noncommunicating hydrocele
Obliterated patent processus vaginalis; and isolated hydrocele. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

noncommunicating hydrocephalus
Synonym for obstructive hydrocephalus ... Hydrocephalus secondary to a block in cerebrospinal fluid flow in the ventricular system or between the ventricular system and spinal canal. ... Synonym: noncommunicating hydrocephalus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

noncompetitive inhibition
<chemistry> A form of enzyme inhibition which cannot be reversed by increasing the amount of substrate in the reaction. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

noncompetitive inhibitor
<chemistry> Reversible inhibition of an enzyme by a compound that binds at a site other than the substrate binding site. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

noncomplementary role
A role that does not conform with the expectations and demands of other people. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nonconjugative plasmid
A plasmid that cannot effect conjugation and self-transfer to another bacterium (bacterial strain); transfer depends upon mediation of another (and conjugative) plasmid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nonconvulsive seizure
A seizure without clonic or tonic activity or other convulsive motor activity. ... See: complex partial seizure, absence seizure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

noncovalent bond
Bond in which electrons are not shared between atoms; e.g., electrostatic bond, hydrogen bond. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

noncyclic photophosphorylation
<biochemistry> Process by which light energy absorbed by photosystems I and II in chloroplasts is used to generate ATP (and also NADPH). Involves photolysis of water by photosystem II, passage of electrons along the photosynthetic electron transport chain with concomitant phosphorylation of ADP and reduction of NADP using energy derived from …

nondeciduous placenta
A placenta in which the foetal placenta is cast off, leaving the uterine mucosa intact (e.g., an epitheliochorial placenta). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nondepolarising block
Skeletal mucle paralysis unaccompanied by changes in polarity of the motor endplate, as occurs following administration of tubocurarine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nondepolarising relaxant
An agent, e.g., tubocurarine, that paralyzes skeletal muscle without depolarisation of the motor endplate, as in phase II block. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nondiabetic glycosuria
Synonym for nonhyperglycaemic glycosuria ... <nephrology> Presence of glucose in the urine without hyperglycaemia due to abnormality in renal tubular reabsorption of filtered glucose. ... Synonym: nondiabetic glycosuria, orthoglycaemic glycosuria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nondirective psychotherapy
Psychotherapy in which the therapist follows the lead of the patient during the interview rather than introducing her or his own theories and directing the course of the interview. ... See: client-centreed therapy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nondirective therapy
A procedure in which the therapist refrains from directing the client, but instead reflects back to the client what the latter has said, sometimes restating the client's remark. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

nondisease
Absence of disease when a specific disease is suspected but not found. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nondisjunction
<genetics, molecular biology> Failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate or segregate at meiosis or mitosis respectively. It results in aneuploid cells, where the daughter cell has two chromosomes or two chromatids and the other has none. ... Nondisjunction of the X chromosome in Drosophila confirmed the theory of chrom …

none
1. No one; not one; not anything; frequently used also partitively, or as a plural, not any. 'There is none that doeth good; no, not one.' (Ps. Xiv. 3) 'Six days ye shall gather it, but on the seventh day, which is the Sabbath, in it there shall be none.' (Ex. Xvi. 26) 'Terms of peace yet none Vouchsafed or sought.' (Milton) 'None of their producti …

nonelectrolyte
<chemistry> A substance with molecules that do not, in solution, dissociate to ions, and, therefore, do not carry an electric current. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nonepileptic seizure
<neurology> Any behaviour that resembles a seizure, but is not epileptic, i.e., not associated with abnormal cerebral EEG activity. ... See: psychogenic seizure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

nonequivalence
<cell biology, embryology> Term used in cell determination for cells that will give rise to the same sorts of differentiated tissues but that have different positional values (e.g. Cells of fore limb and hind limb buds). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...