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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

myogen
Proteins extracted from muscle with cold water, largely the enzymes promoting glycolysis; from the residue, alkaline 0.6 m KCl extracts actin and myosin as actomyosin, with myosin further separable into two meromyosins by proteinase treatment. ... Synonym: myosinogen. ... Origin: myo-+ G. -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myogenesis
<physiology> The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult muscle that occurs in the animal and in cultured cells. In vertebrate skeletal muscle the main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm …

myogenetic
Myogenic ... 1. Originating in or starting from muscle. ... 2. Relating to the origin of muscle cells or fibres. ... Synonym: myogenous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myogenic paralysis
Synonym for acute anterior poliomyelitis ... Inflammation of the anterior cornua of the spinal cord; an acute infectious disease caused by the poliomyelitis virus and marked by fever, pains, and gastroenteric disturbances, followed by a flaccid paralysis of one or more muscular groups, and later by atrophy. ... Synonym: acute atrophic paralysis, myog …

myogenic potential
Action potential of muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myogenic regulatory factors
A family of muscle-specific transcription factors which bind to DNA in control regions and thus regulate myogenesis. All members of this family contain a conserved helix-loop-helix motif which is homologous to the myc family proteins. These factors are only found in skeletal muscle. Members include the myod protein (myod protein), myogenin, myf-5, …

myogenic theory
That cardiac movements are due mainly to stimuli originating in the heart muscle itself and that the heart does not act solely in response to nerve stimulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myogenic tonus
Contraction of a muscle caused by intrinsic properties of the muscle or by its intrinsic innervation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myogenin
<molecular biology> Member of the MyoD family of muscle regulatory genes/proteins. Related to the myc proto-oncogene family. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

myogenous
Synonym for myogenetic ... Myogenic ... 1. Originating in or starting from muscle. ... 2. Relating to the origin of muscle cells or fibres. ... Synonym: myogenous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoglobin
<physiology> Protein (17.5 kD) found in red skeletal muscle. It was the first protein for which the tertiary structure was determined by X-ray diffraction, by J.C.Kendrew's group working on sperm whale myoglobin. ... It is a single polypeptide chain of 153 amino acids, containing a haem group bonded via its ferric iron to two histidine residue …

myoglobinuria
Excretion of myoglobin in the urine; results from muscle degeneration, which releases myoglobin into the blood; occurs in certain types of trauma (crush syndrome), advanced or protracted ischemia of muscle, or as a paroxysmal process of unknown aetiology. ... Synonym: idiopathic paroxysmal rhabdomyolysis, Meyer-Betz disease, Meyer-Betz syndrome. ... …

myoglobulin
Globulin present in muscle tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoglobulinuria
The excretion of myoglobulin in the urine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myognathus
An unequal conjoined twin in which the rudimentary head of the parasite is attached to the lower jaw of the autosite by muscle and skin only. ... See: conjoined twins. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Gnathos, jaw ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myogram
<investigation, physiology> A test which measures muscle response to nerve stimulation. ... Used to evaluate muscle weakness and to determine if the weakness is related to the muscles themselves or a problem with the nerves that supply the muscles. ... Abnormal results may be seen in myasthenia gravis, polymyositis, carpal tunnel syndrome, amyo …

myohemoglobin
Synonym for myoglobin ... <physiology> Protein (17.5 kD) found in red skeletal muscle. It was the first protein for which the tertiary structure was determined by X-ray diffraction, by J.C.Kendrew's group working on sperm whale myoglobin. ... It is a single polypeptide chain of 153 amino acids, containing a haem group bonded via its ferric iron …

myoid cells
Flattened smooth muscle-like cell's of mesodermal origin that lie just outside the basal lamina of the seminiferous tubule. ... Synonym: peritubular contractile cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoidema
Synonym: myoedema. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Oidema, swelling ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoischemia
A condition of localised deficiency or absence of blood supply in muscular tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myokerosis
Synonym for myocerosis ... Waxy degeneration of the muscles. ... Synonym: myokerosis. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Keros, wax ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myokinase
Synonym for adenylate kinase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of AMP to ADP in the presence of ATP or inorganic triphosphate. ... Chemical name: ATP:AMP phosphotransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.7.4.3 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

myokinesimeter
A device for registering the exact time and extent of contraction of the larger muscles of the lower extremity in response to electric stimulation. ... Synonym: myocinesimeter. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Kinesis, movement, + metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myokymia
Continuous involuntary quivering or rippling of muscles at rest, caused by spontaneous, repetitive firing of groups of motor unit potentials. ... Synonym: fibrillary chorea, kymatism, Morvan's chorea. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Kyma, wave ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myolipoma
<oncology, tumour> A tumour containing muscle and fat cells. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

myologia
myology, myology ...

myolysis
Dissolution or liquefaction of muscular tissue, frequently preceded by degenerative changes such as infiltration of fat, atrophy, and fatty degeneration. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Lysis, dissolution ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoma
<oncology, tumour> A benign fibroid tumour of the uterus. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

myomalacia
Pathologic softening of muscular tissue. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Malakia, softness ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myomatous
Pertaining to or characterised by the features of a myoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myomatous polyp
A polyp that consists of benign neoplastic tissue derived from nonstriated (smooth) muscle. ... Synonym: fleshy polyp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myomectomy
<procedure, surgery> The surgical removal of a uterine fibroid tumour. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

myomelanosis
Abnormal dark pigmentation of muscular tissue. ... See: melanosis. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Melanosis, becoming black ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myomere
Synonym: myotome. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Meros, a part ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myomesin
<cell biology> Protein (165 kD) found in the M line of the sarcomere. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

myometer
An instrument for measuring the extent of a muscular contraction. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myometrial
Relating to the myometrium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myometrial arcuate arteries
Branches of the uterine and ovarian artery's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myometrial radial arteries
Continuations of the myometrial arcuate artery's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myometritis
Inflammation of the muscular wall of the uterus. ... Synonym: mesometritis. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Metra, uterus, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myometrium
<anatomy> Uterine smooth muscle. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

myomitochondrion
A mitochondrion of a muscle fibre. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myomotomy
<procedure> Incision of a myoma. ... Origin: myoma + G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myon
An individual muscle unit. ... Origin: G. Mys, muscle ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myonecrosis
Necrosis of muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoneme
<biology> Contractile organelle of ciliates, referred to as M bands in Stentor, where they are composed of 8-10 nm tubular fibrils. The spasmoneme of peritrich ciliates was originally called a myoneme. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

myoneural
Relating to both muscle and nerve; denoting specifically the synapse of the motor neuron with striated muscle fibres: myoneural junction or motor endplate. ... See: neuromuscular. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Neuron, nerve ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoneural blockade
Inhibition of nerve impulse transmission at myoneural junctions by a drug such as curare. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoneural junction
The synaptic connection of the axon of the motor neuron with a muscle fibre. ... See: motor endplate. ... Synonym: neuromuscular junction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoneuralgia
Synonym for myalgia ... <symptom> Pain in a muscle or muscles. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

myoneurasthenia
An obsolete term for muscular weakness associated with neurasthenia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoneuroma
<tumour> A tumefaction consisting chiefly of abnormally proliferating Schwann cells, with variable numbers of muscle cells forming portions of the mass; myoneuroma's are probably malformations, rather than true neoplasms. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Neuron, nerve, + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myonosus
Synonym: myopathy. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Nosos, disease ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myonymy
Nomenclature of the muscles. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Onyma or onoma, name ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myopachynsis
Muscular hypertrophy. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Pachynsis, a thickening ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myopalmus
Muscle twitching. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Palmos, a quivering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoparalysis
Muscular paralysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoparesis
Slight muscular paralysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myopathic atrophy
Muscular atrophy caused by a primary disorder of muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myopathic facies
Facial appearance of some patients with myopathies and with myasthenia gravis, consisting of bilateral ptosis and inability to elevate the corners of the mouth, due to muscle weakness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myopathic scoliosis
Lateral curvature due to weakness of the spinal muscles, as in poliomyelitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myopathy
<neurology> Any disease of a muscle. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

myopericarditis
Inflammation of the muscular wall of the heart and of the enveloping pericardium; also, perimyocarditis--choice of term determined by whether the principal involvement is pericardial or myocardial. ... Origin: myo-+ pericarditis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoperitonitis
Inflammation of the parietal peritoneum with myositis of the abdominal wall. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myophone
An instrument to enable one to hear the murmur of muscular contractions. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Phone, sound ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myophosphorylase
Muscle phosphorylase ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myopia
<ophthalmology> That error of refraction in which rays of light entering the eye parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the retina, as a result of the eyeball being too long from front to back (axial myopia) or of an increased strength in refractive power of the media of the eye (index myopia). ... Also called nearsighte …

myopic
Relating to or suffering from myopia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myopic astigmatism
That form of astigmatism in which one meridian is myopic and the one at right angle to it is without refractive error. ... Synonym: simple myopic astigmatism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myopic choroidopathy
Chronic degeneration of the sclera and choroid with posterior staphyloma, accompanying high myopia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myopic conus
myopic crescent ...

myopic degeneration
Association of crescent of the optic disk, atrophy of the choroid and macular pigment, subretinal neovascularization, haemorrhage, and pigment proliferation in pathologic myopia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoplasm
The contractile portion of the muscle cell, as distinguished from the sarcoplasm. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Plasma, a thing formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoplastic
Relating to the plastic surgery of the muscles, or to the use of muscular tissue in correcting defects. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoplasty
Plastic surgery of muscular tissue. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Plastos, formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myopolar
Relating to muscular polarity, or to the portion of muscle between two electrodes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoprotein
Protein occurring in muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myopsis
<medicine> The appearance of muscae volitantes. See Muscae volitantes, under Musca. ... Origin: Gr. Opsis = vision ... (09 Mar 1998) ...

myorhythmia
A form of hyperkinesia in which the tremor rate (2 to 4 per second) is irregular and slower than in alternating tremor, with greater frequency and higher voltage of the associated spike potentials in the electromyogram. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Rhythmos, rhythm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myorrhaphy
Suture of a muscle. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Rhaphe, seam ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myorrhexis
Tearing of a muscle. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Rhexis, a rupture ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myosalgia
Synonym for myalgia ... <symptom> Pain in a muscle or muscles. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

myosalpingitis
Inflammation of the muscular tissue of the uterine tube. ... Origin: myosalpinx + G. -itis inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myosalpinx
The muscular tunic of the uterine tube. ... Origin: myo-+ salpinx ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myosarcoma
A general term for a malignant neoplasm derived from muscular tissue. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

myosclerosis
Chronic myositis with hyperplasia of the interstitial connective tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoseism
Nonrhythmic spasmodic muscular contractions. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Seismos, a shaking, shock, fr. Seio, fut. Seiso, to shake ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myoseptum
Synonym: myocomma. ... Origin: myo-+ L. Saeptum, a barrier ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myosin
<protein> A family of motor ATPases that interact with F actin filaments. ... An increasing number of different myosins are being described. (See myosin light chains, meromyosin.) Myosin I is a low molecular weight (111-128 kD) form found in protozoa Acanthamoeba and Dictyostelium) that does not self assemble and is found in the cytoplasm as a …

myosin atpase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of myosin ATP in the presence of actin to form myosin ADP and orthophosphate. This reaction is the immediate source of free energy that drives muscle contraction. In the absence of actin, myosin atpase activity is low and requires calcium ions. ... Chemical name: Myosin ATP phosphohydrolase (act …

myosin filament
One of the contractile elements in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle fibres; in skeletal muscle, the filament is about 10 nm thick and 1.5 um long. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myosin heavy chain
<protein> See myosin: do not confuse with heavy meromyosin which is a subfragment of the heavy chain of myosin II. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

myosin heavy chains
The heavy chains of the muscle protein myosin. Each molecule of myosin is composed of two heavy chains and two pairs of light chains. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kD and each heavy chain is associated with a dissimilar pair of light chains. (devlin, textbook of biochemistry: with clinical correlations, 3rd ed, p957) ... (12 …

myosin light chain
<protein> The light chains of the muscle protein myosin. Each molecule of myosin is composed of two heavy chains and two pairs of light chains. The light chains have a molecular weight of about 20 kD and there is one dissimilar pair of light chains associated with each heavy chain. ... The proteins all have sequence homology to calmodulin, but …

myosin light chain kinase
<enzyme> An enzyme that phosphorylates myosin light chains in the presence of ATP to yield myosin-light chain phosphate and ADP, and requires calcium and calmodulin. ... The 20-kD light chain is phosphorylated more rapidly than any other acceptor, but light chains from other myosins and myosin itself can act as acceptors. The enzyme plays a ce …

myosin subfragments
Parts of the myosin molecule resulting from cleavage by proteolytic enzymes (papain, trypsin, or chymotrypsin) at well-localised regions. Study of these isolated fragments helps to delineate the functional roles of different parts of myosin. Two of the most common subfragments are myosin s-1 and myosin s-2. S-1 contains the heads of the heavy chain …

myosinogen
Synonym for myogen ... Proteins extracted from muscle with cold water, largely the enzymes promoting glycolysis; from the residue, alkaline 0.6 m KCl extracts actin and myosin as actomyosin, with myosin further separable into two meromyosins by proteinase treatment. ... Synonym: myosinogen. ... Origin: myo-+ G. -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myosinose
A proteose formed by the partial hydrolysis of myosin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

myositis
<pathology> Inflammation of a voluntary muscle. ... Origin: Gr. Myos = of muscle ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

myositis fibrosa
Induration of a muscle through an interstitial growth of fibrous tissue. ... Synonym: Froriep's induration, interstitial myositis, myofascitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...