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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

minor
1. Inferior in bulk, degree, importance, etc.; less; smaller; of little account; as, minor divisions of a body. ... 2. Less by a semitone in interval or difference of pitch; as, a minor third. ... <medicine> Asia Minor The form of the minor scale is various. The strictly correct form has the third and sixth minor, with a semitone between the se …

minor agglutinin
Immune agglutinin present in an antiserum in lesser concentration than the major agglutinin. ... Synonym: partial agglutinin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minor amputation
Amputation of a hand or foot or any parts of either. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minor calices
The subdivisions of the major calices, varying in number from 7 to 13, which receive the renal papillae. ... Synonym: calices renales minores. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minor connector
The connecting link (tang) between the major connector or base of a partial denture and other units of the prosthesis, such as clasps, indirect retainers, and occlusal rests. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minor duodenal papilla
The site of the opening of the accessory pancreatic duct into the duodenum, located anterior to and slightly superior to the major papilla. ... Synonym: papilla duodeni minor, Santorini's minor caruncle. ... Nerve papilla, one of the papillae in the dermis containing a tactile corpuscle or other form of end organ. ... Synonym: neurothele. ... (05 Mar 2 …

minor fissure
Synonym for transverse fissure of the lung ... The deep fissure that separates the upper and middle lobes of the right lung. ... Synonym: fissura horizontalis pulmonis dextri, horizontal fissure of right lung, minor fissure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minor forceps
Frontal radiation of the corpus callosum; that part of the fibre radiation of the corpus callosum which bends forward toward the frontal pole of the cerebrum. ... Synonym: forceps minor, forceps anterior, frontal part of corpus callosum, pars frontalis corporis callosi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minor hippocampus
Synonym for calcar avis ... The lower of two elevations on the medial wall of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain, caused by the depth of the calcarine sulcus. ... Synonym: Haller's unguis, hippocampus minor, minor hippocampus, Morand's spur, unguis avis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minor histocompatibility antigens
Allelic alloantigens often responsible for weak graft rejection in cases when (major) histocompatibility has been established by standard tests. In the mouse they are coded by more than 500 genes at up to 30 minor histocompatibility loci. The most well-known minor histocompatibility antigen in mammals is the h-y antigen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

minor histocompatibility loci
Genetic loci responsible for the encoding of histocompatibility antigens other than those encoded by the major histocompatibility complex. The antigens encoded by these genes are often responsible for graft rejection in cases where histocompatibility has been established by standard tests. The location of some of these loci on the x and y chromosom …

minor hypnosis
An induced state resembling normal sleep in which the subject is susceptible to suggestion, though not to the extent of catalepsy or somnambulism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minor hysteria
A mild form of hysteria characterised chiefly by subjective pains, nervousness, undue sensitiveness, and sometimes episodes of emotional excitement, but without paralysis or other such symptoms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minor lymphocyte stimulatory loci
Genetic loci responsible for the encoding of minor lymphocyte stimulatory antigens. There are at least two unlinked loci (in the mouse) and they appear to be separate from the major histocompatibility complex and minor histocompatibility loci. The mouse mammary tumour virus (see mammary tumour viruses, mouse) has the ability to integrate into these …

minor motor seizure
Old term for nonconvulsive seizure seen in patients with secondary generalised epilepsies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minor operation
A surgical procedure of relatively slight extent and not in itself hazardous to life. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minor planets
Small solar system planetary bodies including asteroids. most asteroids are found within the gap lying between the orbits of mars and jupiter. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

minor salivary gland
A small gland which produces saliva. There are numerous minor salivary glands distributed within the mouth and palate. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

minor salivary glands
The smaller, largely mucous-secreting, exocrine gland's of the oral cavity, consisting of the labial, buccal, molar, lingual, and palatine gland's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minor sublingual ducts
From 8 to 20 small ducts of the sublingual salivary gland that open into the mouth on the surface of the sublingual fold; a few join the submandibular ducts. ... Synonym: ductus sublinguales minores, Rivinus' ducts, Walther's canals, Walther's ducts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minor surgery
See: minor operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minor tranquilliser
Synonym for antianxiety agent ... A functional category of drugs useful in the treatment of anxiety and able to reduce anxiety at doses which do not cause excessive sedation (e.g., diazepam). ... Synonym: anxiolytic, minor tranquilliser. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minority groups
A subgroup having special characteristics within a larger group, often bound together by special ties which distinguish it from the larger group. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Minot-Murphy diet
The use of large amounts of raw liver in the treatment of pernicious anaemia. First successes in the treatment of this disease occurred with this diet and led to development of liver extract for treatment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minoxidil
<chemical> A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in blood pressure. It is given by mouth in the treatment of severe hypertension unresponsive to other therapy. It is also used topically in the treatment of male-pattern baldness. ... Pharmacological action: antihypertensive agents, …

mint
<botany> The name of several aromatic labiate plants, mostly of the genus Mentha, yielding odouriferous essential oils by distillation. See Mentha. ... Corn mint is Mentha arvensis. Horsemint is M. Sylvestris, and in the United States Monarda punctata, which differs from the true mints in several respects. Mountain mint is any species of the r …

minus lens
Synonym for concave lens ... A diverging minus power lens. ... Synonym: minus lens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minus strand
See: replicative form. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minus-strand nucleic acid
<molecular biology> An RNA or DNA strand which has the opposite sense of (would be complementary to) the mRNA of a virus. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

minuscule
1. Any very small, minute object. ... 2. A small Roman letter which is neither capital nor uncial; a manuscript written in such letters. ... Of the size and style of minuscules; written in minuscules. 'These minuscule letters are cursive forms of the earlier uncials.' (I. Taylor (The Alphabet)) ... Origin: L. Minusculus rather small, fr. Minus less: c …

minute
1. The sixtieth part of an hour; sixty seconds. (Abbrev. M.; as, 4 h. 30 m) 'Four minutes, that is to say, minutes of an hour.' (Chaucer) ... 2. The sixtieth part of a degree; sixty seconds (Marked thus ('); as, 10 deg 20') ... 3. A nautical or a geographic mile. ... 4. A coin; a half farthing. ... 5. A very small part of anything, or anything very sma …

minute mutant
<genetics, molecular biology> A class of recessive lethal mutants of Drosophila The heterozygotes grow more slowly, are smaller and less fertile than the wild type flies. There are about 40 loci that produce minute mutants. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

minute output
Synonym for cardiac output ... A measurement of the blood flow through the heart to the systemic (and pulmonary) circulation. Cardiac output is expressed as volume of blood per unit time or litres/minute. Cardiac output can be calculated using the Fick method (oxygen consumption divided by arteriovenous oxygen difference) or by the thermodilution te …

minute volume
The volume of any gas or fluid moved per minute; e.g., cardiac output or the respiratory minute volume. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mio-
Less. ... Origin: G. Meion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miocamycin
<chemical> Leucomycin v, 3(b),9-diacetate 3,4(b)-dipropionate. A macrolide antibiotic that has a wide antimicrobial spectrum and is particularly effective in respiratory and genital infections. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, macrolide. ... Chemical name: Leucomycin V, 3B,9-diacetate 3,4B-dipropanoate ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

miodidymus
Miodymus ... Unequal conjoined twins with the head of the smaller twin fused to the occipital region of the head of the larger twin. ... See: conjoined twins. ... Origin: mio-+ G. Didymos, twin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miolecithal
Denoting an egg with little yolk which is uniformly dispersed throughout the egg. ... Origin: mio-+ G. Lekithos, egg yolk ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mionectic
An obsolete term denoting less than the normal; used especially with reference to blood that has an abnormally low percentage of saturation with oxygen at a certain pressure. ... Origin: G. Meionekteo, to have too little, fr. Meion, less, + echo, to have ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miopragia
Diminished functional activity in a part. ... Origin: mio-+ G. Prasso, to do ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miopus
Unequal conjoined twins with heads united in such a manner that one face is rudimentary. ... See: conjoined twins. ... Origin: mio-+ ops, eye ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miosis
<physiology> Contraction of the pupils. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

miosphygmia
Condition in which pulse beats are fewer than heart beats. ... Origin: mio-+ G. Sphygmos, pulse ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miostagmin reaction
A physiochemical immunity test, designed by Ascoli, consisting in determination of the surface tension of an immune serum to which its specific antigen has been added, before and after incubation at 37°C for 2 hours; in a positive reaction the surface tension, as measured by the stalagmometer, is lowered. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miotic
1. <ophthalmology> Pertaining to, characterised by or producing miosis: contraction of the pupil. ... 2. <pharmacology> An agent that causes the pupil to contract. ... 3. <cell biology> Meiotic: characterised by cell division. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

miotics
Agents causing contraction of the pupil of the eye. Because the size of the pupil is under the antagonistic control of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, drugs affecting either system can cause miosis. Drugs that mimic or potentiate the parasympathetic input to the circular constrictor muscle and drugs that inhibit sympathetic input to th …

MIP
Synonym for macrophage inflammatory protein ... <cytokine> A chemokine that is chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes, stimulates macrophages, and may play a role in regulating haematopoiesis. Its two variants, mip-1alpha and mip-1beta, are 60% homologous to each other. ... They are heparin-binding proteins that exhibit a number of inflammat …

MIP1 DNA polymerase
<enzyme> From saccharomyces cerevisiae; has structural similarity with the E coli DNA polymerase i-type enzymes ... Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- ... Synonym: mip1 gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

miracidium
The ciliated first-stage larva of a trematode that emerges from the egg and must penetrate into the tissues of an appropriate intermediate host snail if it is to continue its life cycle; followed by development into a mother sporocyst and by production of a number of offspring of successive larval generations. ... See: sporocyst. ... Origin: G. Meira …

mirage
An optical effect, sometimes seen on the ocean, but more frequently in deserts, due to total reflection of light at the surface common to two strata of air differently heated. The reflected image is seen, commonly in an inverted position, while the real object may or may not be in sight. When the surface is horizontal, and below the eye, the appear …

Mirchamp's sign
<clinical sign> A premonitory symptom of mumps; if a strongly flavored substance is placed on the tongue a painful reflex secretion of saliva occurs in the gland that is the seat of the incipient affection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mire
Synonymous with any peat-accumulating wetland. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

mirex
<chemical> An organochlorine insecticide that is carcinogenic. ... Pharmacological action: insecticide, organochlorine, carcinogens. ... Chemical name: 1,3,4-Metheno-1H-cyclobuta(cd)pentalene, 1,1a,2,2,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-dodecachlorooctahydro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Mirizzi
P.L., 20th century Argentinian physician. ... See: Mirizzi's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mirizzi syndrome
<radiology> Incomplete obstruction of congenital heart disease, inflammation due to stone lodged in cystic duct or gall bladder neck ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Mirizzi's syndrome
<syndrome> Benign obstruction of the hepatic ducts due to spasm and/or fibrous scarring of surrounding connective tissue; often associated with a stone in the cystic duct and chronic cholecystitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mirnov oscillations
<physics> Fluctuations in the poloidal magnetic field (of a toroidal magnetic confinement system) which rotate in the electron diamagnetic drift direction at a speed comparable to the electron diagmagnetic drift velocity and with frequencies due to 5-20 kHz. Mirnov oscillations arise from tearing modes. Poloidal magnetic probes used to measur …

mirror
1. A looking-glass or a speculum; any glass or polished substance that forms images by the reflection of rays of light. 'And in her hand she held a mirror bright, Wherein her face she often viewed fair.' (Spenser) ... 2. That which gives a true representation, or in which a true image may be seen; hence, a pattern; an exemplar. 'She is mirour of all …

mirror effect
<physics> A charged particle travelling into an increasing magnetic field will (if the field becomes strong enough) reverse direction and be reflected back. This is a direct result of the adiabatic invariance of the magnetic moment. Plasmas can be confined by devices which utilise this effect. ... The effect also occurs in some toroidal plasma …

mirror image
A representation of an object or part thereof as its reflected image in a glass mirror. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mirror image dextrocardia
Perfect right to left congenital reversal of the heart sometimes with other congenital abnormalities, sometimes normal except for position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mirror speech
A reversal of the order of syllables in a word, analogous to mirror writing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mirror-image cell
A cell whose nuclei have identical features and are placed in the cytoplasm in similar fashion, a binucleate form of Reed-Sternberg cell often found in Hodgkin's disease; the twin nuclei are disposed in relation to an imaginary plane between them like a single nucleus together with its image in a mirror. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mirror-writing
Writing backward, from right to left, the letters appearing like ordinary writing seen in a mirror. ... Synonym: retrography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mirror, first or front surface
<microscopy> An optical mirror on which the reflecting surface is applied to the front surface of the mirror instead of to the back, that is, to the first surface of incidence. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

miryachit
A nervous affection observed in Siberia. ... See: jumping disease. ... Synonym: myriachit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

MIS
<abbreviation> Mullerian inhibiting substance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

misandry
Aversion to or hatred of men. ... Origin: G. Miseo, to hate, + aner, andros, male ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

misanthropy
Aversion to and hatred of human beings. ... Origin: G. Miseo, to hate, + anthropos, man ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miscarriage
<obstetrics> A spontaneous unplanned evacuation of the foetus from the womb. most miscarriages occur from 2 weeks to 6 weeks gestation. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

miscarry
To have a miscarriage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miscegenation
Marriage or interbreeding of individuals of different races. ... Origin: L. Misceo, to mix, + genus, descent, race ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miscellany
Origin: L. Miscellanea, neut. Pl. Of. Miscellaneus: cf. F. Miscellanee, pl. Miscellanees. See Miscellaneous. ... A mass or mixture of various things; a medley; especially, a collection of compositions on various subjects. ''T is but a bundle or miscellany of sin; sins original, and sins actual.' (Hewyt) Miscellany madam, a woman who dealt in various …

miscible
<chemistry> Susceptible of being mixed. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

misdiagnosis
A wrong or mistaken diagnosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

misdirection phenomenon
Synonym for aberrant regeneration ... Misdirected regrowth of nerve fibres seen for example, after oculomotor nerve injury. ... Synonym: misdirection phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miserere
1. The psalm usually appointed for penitential acts, being the 50th psalm in the Latin version. It commences with the word miserere. ... 2. A musical composition adapted to the 50th psalm. 'Where only the wind signs miserere.' (Lowell) ... 3. A small projecting boss or bracket, on the under side of the hinged seat of a church stall (see Stall). It wa …

miserotia
Dislike of or aversion to physical love. ... Origin: G. Miseo, to hate, + eros, physical love ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

misgive
1. To give or grant amiss. ... 2. Specifically: To give doubt and apprehension to, instead of confidence and courage; to impart fear to; to make irresolute; usually said of the mind or heart, and followed by the objective personal pronoun. 'So doth my heart misgive me in these conflicts What may befall him, to his harm and ours.' (Shak) 'Such whose …

misidentification
<zoology> The misapplication of a previously established taxon name to an individual specimen. ... See: Identification. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

mismatch repair
<molecular biology> A DNA repair system that detects and replaces wrongly paired, mismatched, bases in newly replicated DNA. E. Coli has a mismatch correction enzyme coded for by three genes mutH, mutL and mutS, that is directed to the newly synthesised strand and removes a segment of that strand including the incorrect nucleotide. The gap is …

misogamy
Aversion to marriage. ... Origin: G. Miseo, to hate, + gamos, marriage ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

misogyny
Aversion to or hatred of women. ... Origin: G. Miseo, to hate, + gyne, woman ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

misologia
Aversion to talking or to mental activity. ... Origin: G. Miseo, to hate, + logos, reasoning, discussion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

misoneism
Dislike of and disinclination to accept new ideas. ... Origin: G. Miseo, to hate, + neos, new ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

misonidazole
<chemical> A nitroimidazole that sensitises normally radio-resistant hypoxic cells to radiation. It may also be directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells and has been proposed as an antineoplastic. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, antiprotozoal agents, radiation-sensitizing agents. ... Chemical name: 1H-Imidazole-1-ethanol, alpha-(me …

misopedia
Misopedy ... Aversion to or hatred of children. ... Origin: G. Miseo, to hate, + pais (paid-), child ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

misoprostol
<chemical> A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin e1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties. ... Pharmacological action: abortifacient agents, non-steroidal, anti-ulcer agents, oxytocics. …

misprision
1. The act of misprising; misapprehension; misconception; mistake. 'The misprision of this passage has aided in fostering the delusive notion.' (Hare) ... 2. Neglect; undervaluing; contempt. ... 3. A neglect, negligence, or contempt. ... In its larger and older sense it was used to signify 'every considerable misdemeanor which has not a certain name g …

miss
Origin: Contr. Fr. Mistress. ... 1. A title of courtesy prefixed to the name of a girl or a woman who has not been married. See Mistress. ... There is diversity of usage in the application of this title to two or more persons of the same name. We may write either the Miss Browns or the Misses Brown. ... 2. A young unmarried woman or a girl; as, she is …

missed abortion
An abortion in which the foetus dies in utero but the product of conception is retained in utero for two months or longer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

missed labour
Brief uterine contractions which do not lead to labour and expulsion of the infant, but which cease, resulting in the indefinite retention of the foetus (usually lifeless) either in utero or extrauterine, e.g., in the abdominal cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

missed period
The failure of menstruation to occur in any month at the expected time. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

missense
<molecular biology> As used in genetics, a mutation that causes a sequence such that there is a substitution of one amino acid residue for another. ... Missense suppression, a mutation in tRNA that allows for incorporation of an amino acid residue that allows for full function of the gene product. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

missense mutation
<molecular biology> A mutation that alters a codon for a particular amino acid to one specifying a different amino acid. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

missions and missionaries
To be used for articles pertaining to medical activities carried out by personnel in institutions which are administered by a religious organization. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

missive
1. Specially sent; intended or prepared to be sent; as, a letter missive. ... 2. Missile. 'The missive weapons fly.' Letters missive, letters conveying the permission, comand, or advice of a superior authority, as a sovereign. They are addressed and sent to some certain person or persons, and are distinguished from letters patent, which are addresse …

mist
1. Visible watery vapor suspended in the atmosphere, at or near the surface of the earth; fog. ... 2. Coarse, watery vapor, floating or falling in visible particles, approaching the form of rain; as, Scotch mist. ... 3. Hence, anything which dims or darkens, and obscures or intercepts vision. 'His passion cast a mist before his sense. ... <botany&g …

mist bacillus
Synonym for Mycobacterium smegmatis ... A saprophytic species of bacteria found in smegma from the genitalia of humans and many of the lower animals; it is also found in soil, dust, and water. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mistake
To make or form amiss; to spoil in making. 'Limping possibilities of mismade human nature.' ... 1. An apprehending wrongly; a misconception; a misunderstanding; a fault in opinion or judgment; an unintentional error of conduct. 'Infallibility is an absolute security of the understanding from all possibility of mistake.' (Tillotson) ... 2. Misconcepti …