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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

monobasic potassium phosphate
KH2PO4;used as a urinary acidifier and buffer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monobenzone
P-Benzyloxyphenol;a melanin-pigment inhibiting agent; used topically for the treatment of hyperpigmentation caused by formation of melanin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monobjective binocular microscope
<instrument, microscopy> A microscope with one objective and two bodies, for binocular vision, not necessarily stereoscopic. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

monoblast
An immature cell that develops into a monocyte. ... Origin: mono-+ G. Blastos, germ ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monobrachius
The condition of being one-armed. ... Origin: mono-+ G. Brachion, arm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monobromated
Monobrominated ... Denoting a chemical compound with one atom of bromine per molecule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monocarpic
<botany> Flowering and fruiting only once during its life span. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

monocentric chromosome
<genetics, molecular biology> Chromosome with a single centromere, i.e. most chromosomes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

monocephalus
Synonym for syncephalus ... Conjoined twins having a single head with two bodies. ... See: conjoined twins. ... Compare: craniopagus, janiceps. ... Synonym: monocephalus, monocranius. ... Origin: syn-+ G. Kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monochasium
<plant biology> A cymose inflorescence with the branches arising singly. ... Compare: dichasium. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

monochlamydeous
<botany> Of a flower, having only one whorl of perianth parts. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

monochlorphenamide
Synonym for clofenamide ... 4-chloro-m-benzenedisulfonamide;a diuretic. ... Synonym: monochlorphenamide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monochord
An instrument for experimenting upon the mathematical relations of musical sounds. It consists of a single string stretched between two bridges, one or both of which are movable, and which stand upon a graduated rule for the purpose of readily changing and measuring the length of the part of the string between them. ... Origin: L. Monochordon, Gr, f …

monochorea
Chorea affecting the head alone or only one extremity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monochorial
Synonym for monochorionic ... Relating to or having a single chorion; denoting monovular twins. ... Synonym: monochorial. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monochorial twins
Synonym for monozygotic twins ... Identical twins, twins which are the result of a single zygote (fertilized egg) splitting into two cell masses and becoming two individuals. The twins are genetically identical and are always of the same sex (both males or both females). ... Compare: dizygotic twins. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

monochorionic
Relating to or having a single chorion; denoting monovular twins. ... Synonym: monochorial. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monochorionic diamniotic placenta
Synonym for twin placenta ... The placenta(s) of a twin pregnancy; if dizygotic, the placenta's may be separate or fused, the latter retaining two amniotic and two chorionic sacs (dichorionic diamniotic placenta); if monozygotic, the placenta may be a ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monochorionic monoamniotic placenta
Depending on the stage at which twinning took place; if twinning occurs early, there may be a fused placenta with two chorionic and two amniotic membranes. ... Alternative form: monochorionic diamniotic placenta ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monochroic
Synonym for monochromatic ... <microscopy> All objects in a group (electrons, light, X-rays etc.) have the same energy or wavelength. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

monochromasia
Synonym for achromatopsia ... A severe congenital deficiency in colour perception, often associated with nystagmus and reduced visual acuity. ... Synonym: achromatic vision, monochromasia, monochromasy, monochromatism. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + chroma, colour, + opsis, vision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monochromasy
Synonym for achromatopsia ... A severe congenital deficiency in colour perception, often associated with nystagmus and reduced visual acuity. ... Synonym: achromatic vision, monochromasia, monochromasy, monochromatism. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + chroma, colour, + opsis, vision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monochromatic
<microscopy> All objects in a group (electrons, light, X-rays etc.) have the same energy or wavelength. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

monochromatic aberration
A defect in an optical image arising because of the nature of lenses; the main types are spherical, coma, curvature, and distortion aberration, and astigmatism of oblique pencils. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monochromatic light
<microscopy> Light composed of one wavelength. It may be obtained by the use of a laser or by gaseous discharge tubes in combination with proper filters. An approximation is obtained by interference filters or monochromators. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

monochromatic rays
Light ray's or ionizing radiation of a very narrow band of wavelengths (ideally, of a single wavelength). ... Compare: photopeak, characteristic radiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monochromatism
1. The state of having or exhibiting only one colour. ... Synonym: achromatopsia. ... Origin: mono-+ G. Chroma, colour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monochromatophil
Monochromatophile ... 1. Taking only one stain. ... 2. A cell or any histologic element staining with only one kind of dye. ... Synonym: monochromophil, monochromophile. ... Origin: mono-+ G. Chroma, colour, + philos, fond ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monochromator
<microscopy> A light-dispersing instrument which is used to obtain light of substantially one wavelength, or at least of a very narrow band of the spectrum. The light is apt to be weak because of its purity. The use of monochromatic light filters is usually adequate for microscopical work. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

monochromic
Synonym for monochromatic ... <microscopy> All objects in a group (electrons, light, X-rays etc.) have the same energy or wavelength. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

monochromophil
Synonym for monochromatophil ... Monochromatophile ... 1. Taking only one stain. ... 2. A cell or any histologic element staining with only one kind of dye. ... Synonym: monochromophil, monochromophile. ... Origin: mono-+ G. Chroma, colour, + philos, fond ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monocistronic
Referring to fully processed mRNA that codes for a single protein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monocistronic RNA
<molecular biology> A messenger RNA that gives a single polypeptide chain when translated. All eukaryote mRNAs are monocistronic, but some bacterial mRNAs are polycistronic especially those transcribed from operons. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

monocle
A lens used for one eye, usually in the correction of presbyopia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monoclinus
<plant biology> Having male and female reproductive organs in the same flower. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

monoclonal
1. <cell biology> Used of a cell line whether within the body or in culture to indicate that it has a single clonal origin. ... 2. <immunology> Monoclonal antibodies are produced by a single clone of hybridoma cells and are therefore a single species of antibody molecule. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

monoclonal antibodies
Identical antibodies that are made in large amounts in the laboratory. Doctors are studying ways of using monoclonal antibodies to treat leukaemia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

monoclonal antibody
<immunology, molecular biology> A substance, usually a protein, which can be synthsised in the laboratory in pure form by a single clone (population) of cells. ... These antibodies can be made in large quantities and have a specific affinity for certain target molecules called antigens which can be found on the surface of cells and those that …

monoclonal gammopathies, benign
Conditions characterised by the presence of a monoclonal serum (or urine) protein without clinical manifestations of plasma cell dyscrasia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

monoclonal immunoglobulin
A homogenous immunoglobulin resulting from the proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells and which, during electrophoresis of serum, appears as a narrow band or 'spike'; it is characterised by heavy chains of a single class and subclass, and light chains of a single type. ... Synonym: M protein, monoclonal protein, paraprotein. ... (05 Mar 2000 …

monoclonal peak
A narrow band visible on electrophoresis or an abnormal arc seen on immunoelectrophoresis, thought to represent immunoglobulin of one cell clone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monoclonal protein
Synonym for monoclonal immunoglobulin ... A homogenous immunoglobulin resulting from the proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells and which, during electrophoresis of serum, appears as a narrow band or 'spike'; it is characterised by heavy chains of a single class and subclass, and light chains of a single type. ... Synonym: M protein, monoclo …

monocomponent
<pharmacology> A drug containing only one significant molecule. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

monocot
A subclass of Angiosperm plants based on anatomical characteristics. They tend to have: Narrow leaves One cotyledonParallel veins in the leaves Flower parts are usually in multiples of threes A scattered arrangement of primary vascular bundles in the stem Fibrous root system Compare: dicot ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

monocotyledon
A subclass of Angiosperm plants based on anatomical characteristics. They tend to have: ... narrow leaves ... One cotyledon ... parallel veins in the leaves ... Flower parts are usually in multiples of threes ... A scattered arrangement of primary vascular bundles in the stem ... Fibrous root system Compare: dicot ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

monocranius
Synonym: syncephalus. ... Origin: mono-+ G. Kranion, cranium ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monocrotaline
<chemical> A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonar …

monocrotic pulse
A pulse without any perceptible dicrotism. ... Synonym: pulsus monocrotus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monocrotophos
<chemical> An organophosphate insecticide that inhibits monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. It has been shown to be genotoxic. ... Pharmacological action: cholinesterase inhibitor, insecticide, organophosphate, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, mutagens. ... Chemical name: Phosphoric acid, dimethyl 1-methyl-3-(methylamino)-3-oxo-1-propenyl …

monocular heterochromia
Synonym for iris bicolor ... A variegated or two-coloured iris. ... Synonym: monocular heterochromia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monocular microscope
<instrument, microscopy> A microscope with one objective and one bodytube for monocular vision. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

monocular strabismus
An obsolete term for strabismus in which one eye habitually deviates. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monoculture
The agricultural practice of cultivating crops consisting of geneticallysimilar organisms. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

monoculus
Synonym: cyclops. ... 2. A bandage applied to one eye only. ... Origin: L. A one-eyed man, a hybrid word fr. G. Monos, single, + L. Oculus, eye ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monocyte
<haematology> Mononuclear phagocyte circulating in blood that will later emigrate into tissue and differentiate into a macrophage. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
<cytokine> A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for human monocytes and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. It is produced by leukocytes of both monocyte and lymphocyte lineage and by fibroblasts during tissue injury. ... Synonym: monocyte chemotactic and activating factor ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

monocyte chemoattractant proteins
Chemokines that are chemoattractants for monocytes. These cc chemokines (cysteines adjacent) number at least three including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

monocytes
One of three types of white blood cells. Monocytes are precursors to macrophages. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

monocytes, activated killer
Monocytes made cytotoxic by ex vivo incubation with cytokines, especially interferon-gamma. Akm cells are used for adoptive immunotherapy in cancer patients. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

monocytic angina
An obsolete term for infectious mononucleosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monocytic leukaemia
Cancer of the blood due to proliferation of cells of the monocyte series. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

monocytic leukemoid reaction
Leukocytosis of varying degree, e.g., 30,000 to 40,000 per cu mm, with adult monocytes and immature forms amounting to 30% (or more) of the total number of white blood cells in the circulating blood; may be observed in association with tuberculosis, especially the first infection, miliary type. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monocytic leukocytosis
Synonym for monocytosis ... An abnormal increase in the number of monocytes in the circulating blood. ... Synonym: monocytic leukocytosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monocytic leukopenia
Synonym for monocytopenia ... Diminution in the number of monocytes in the circulating blood. ... Synonym: monocytic leukopenia, monopenia. ... Origin: mono-+ G. Kytos, cell, + penia, poverty ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monocytoid cell
A cell having morphological characteristics of a monocyte but which is nonphagocytic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monocytopenia
Diminution in the number of monocytes in the circulating blood. ... Synonym: monocytic leukopenia, monopenia. ... Origin: mono-+ G. Kytos, cell, + penia, poverty ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monocytosis
An abnormal increase in the number of monocytes in the circulating blood. ... Synonym: monocytic leukocytosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Monod
Jacques L., French biochemist and Nobel laureate, 1910-1976. ... See: Monod-Wyman-Changeux model. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Monod-Wyman-Changeux model
A model used to explain the allosteric form of cooperativity; in this model, an oligomeric protein can exist in two conformational states in the absence of the ligand; these states are in equilibrium and the one that is predominant has a lower affinity for the ligand (which binds to the protein in a rapid equilibrium fashion). ... Synonym: concerted …

monodactyly
Monodactylism ... The presence of a single finger on the hand, or a single toe on the foot. ... Origin: mono-+ G. Daktylos, digit ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monodermoma
<tumour> A neoplasm composed of tissues from a single germinal layer. ... Origin: mono-+ G. Derma, skin, + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monodisperse
Of relatively uniform size; said of aerosol suspensions with size variation of less than &plusmn;20%. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monoecious
Having the male and female reproductive structures in separate flowers but on the same plant. ... Compare: dioecious. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

monoethanolamine
2-Aminoethanol;a surfactant; the oleate is used as a sclerosing agent in the treatment of varicose veins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monogametic
Synonym for homogametic ... Producing only one type of gamete with respect to sex chromosomes; in humans and most animals, the female is homogametic. ... Synonym: monogametic. ... Origin: homo-+ G. Gametikos, connubial ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monogenesis
1. Oneness of origin; especially. ... <biology> Development of all beings in the universe from a single cell; opposed to polygenesis. ... Synonym: monism. ... 2. <biology> That form of reproduction which requires but one parent, as in reproduction by fission or in the formation of buds, etc, which drop off and form new individuals; asexual …

monogenic
<genetics> Controlled by or associated with a single gene. ... Origin: Gr. Gennan = to produce ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

monogerminal
Synonym for unigerminal ... Relating to a single germ or ovum, e.g., monozygotic. ... Synonym: monogerminal, monozygotic, monozygous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monoglyceride
See: monoacylglycerol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monographous
Synonym for monographic ... monographical ...

monogynae
A form of insect social behaviour where there is only one queen in a nest or hive that reproduces for the entire group. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

monohydrated
Containing or united with a single molecule of water per molecule of substance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monohydric
Having but one hydrogen atom in the molecule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monohydric alcohol
An alcohol containing one OH group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monohydroxysuccinic acid
Synonym for malic acid ... HOOC-CH2-CHOH-COOH; hydroxysuccinic acid;an acid found in apples and various other tart fruits; an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, and in a shuttle system. ... Synonym: monohydroxysuccinic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monoideism
A marked preoccupation with one idea or subject; a slight degree of monomania. ... Origin: mono-+ G. Idea, form, idea ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monoinfection
Simple infection with a single variety of microorganism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monoiodotyrosine
An intermediate in thyroid hormone synthesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monoisonitrosoacetone
Synonym for isonitrosoacetone ... CH3CO-CH==NOH; propanone 1-oxine;a cholinesterase reactivator that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier readily and cause significant reactivation of phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase in the central nervous system; used to protect human beings and animals against otherwise lethal poisoning with organophosphorous …

monokine
<molecular biology> Soluble factor, derived from macrophages, that act on other cells (e.g. Interleukin-1). Becoming unusual all monokines are cytokines and that term is more commonly used. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

monokines
Soluble mediators of the immune response that are neither antibodies nor complement. They are produced largely, but not exclusively, by monocytes and macrophages. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

monolayer
<chemistry> A single layer of any molecule, but most commonly applied to polar lipids. Can be formed at an air/water interface in experimental systems. The term should not be used to describe one layer of a lipid bilayer, for which the term leaflet is generally used. ... See: monolayering of cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

monolayering of cell
<cell biology> Tendency of animal tissue cells growing on solid surfaces to cover the surface with a complete layer only one cell thick, before growing on top of each other. This nonrandom distribution is generated by contact inhibition of locomotion, a phenomenon in which colliding cells change direction rather than move over one another. Of …

monolayers
1. Films, one molecule thick, formed on water by certain substances, such as proteins and fatty acids, characterised by molecules containing some atom groupings that are soluble in water and other atom groupings that are insoluble in water. ... 2. A confluent sheet of cells, one cell deep, growing on a surface in a cell culture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monoleptic fever
A continued fever having but one paroxysm. ... Compare: polyleptic fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monolocular
Having one cavity or chamber. ... Synonym: unicameral, unicamerate. ... Origin: mono-+ L. Loculus, a small place ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monomaniac
A person affected by monomania. ... See: monomaniacal. ... (14 Mar 2000) ...

monomastigote
A mastigote having only one flagellum. ... Origin: mono-+ Roman mastix, a whip ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monomelic
Relating to one limb. ... Origin: mono-+ G. Melos, limb ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monomer
<chemistry> A single molecule that is the subunit of a polymer. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...